名詞性從句歸納

1、名詞性從句歸納、名詞性從句概說(shuō)、結(jié)構(gòu)與功能名詞性從句是起名詞作用的從句，其功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，在復(fù)合句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。與之對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句分別為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 名詞性從句需要由不同的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，和主句相連。主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)賓介賓that不省略可以省略不省略不省略不省略whether/if放于句首用 whether均可使用 但有區(qū)別只用whether只用whether只用whether特殊疑問(wèn)詞陳述句語(yǔ)序關(guān)系從句陳述句語(yǔ)序二、主語(yǔ)從句1、主語(yǔ)從句的類別以從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。（從句位于句首，that通常不省略）t Tha

2、t she will come to the conference has excited every one of us.以從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。（從句置于句首時(shí)一般不用if來(lái)代替whether）t Whether we ll go outing depends on the weath以連接代詞（what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever 等詞）引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。t Whoever will be in charge of the project hasn t been decided yet.【注】what與that在引導(dǎo)主

3、語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，what不但起連接作用，而且還有具體意義，意為所的”相當(dāng)于the things that結(jié)構(gòu)；而that則無(wú)詞義。即如果從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇that，否則用 what。以連接副詞（when , where, how, why等詞）引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句.t When the new road is ope n to traffic has not bee n made clear.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句注：以下幾種特殊情況必須用it作形式主語(yǔ)： It is + adj. + that 從句常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：necessary, right, likely, wrong , i

4、mportant , certain , clear, obvious, strange 等。t It is likely that there will be a sno wstorm tomorrow. It is + noun + that 從句常接這種句型的名詞有：a pity, a shame, good n ews, a fact, an honor, a won der, no won der 等。t It is a pity that you didn t attend講座 eesterflay.It is +過(guò)去分詞常見(jiàn)的分詞有：said, heard, reported,

5、decided, suggested, advised, ordered, thought, con sidered, poin ted out,well known, hoped, tur ned out 等詞t It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.It +特殊動(dòng)詞 + that從句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：seem, happen （碰巧），即pear, occur等。t It seems to me that you object to the pla n.I

6、t happened that I didn t take any money with me.It doesn matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句t It does n matter whether he is wrong or not.三、賓語(yǔ)從句1動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶有賓語(yǔ)從句t We all expect that they will win this match.常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：hope, tell, say, know, think, consider, imagine, hear, expect, suppose, guess 等。有些動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)

7、構(gòu)也可帶賓語(yǔ)從句。t i have found out that all the tickets for the concert have bee n sold out.可以運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it的賓語(yǔ)從句：it作形式賓語(yǔ)而講thatit。it替代。） 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用 賓語(yǔ)從句后置。t i thi nk it n ecessary that we take ple nty of hot water every day.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries

8、. 動(dòng)詞hate, take, have, see to等詞在帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加（若賓語(yǔ)從句是“ WH系列引導(dǎo)，其后有 to be短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，則不可以用t i take it that you will agree with us.We all con sider what you said to be un believable.2、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句一般情況下，介詞后面只能用“ WH系列連接詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。t We are talk ing about whether we admit stude nts into our club.用that引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用

9、形式賓語(yǔ)it替代，然后將that從句發(fā)在最后。t You may depe nd on it that I shall always help you. 偶爾的情況下，except, but, besides, in四個(gè)介詞后面可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句ti know nothing about my new neighbor expect that he used to work in a company.彳 I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is more practical. （in that表示原因）、He would have

10、 failed but that you helped him. （but that 要不是，若非）3、形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry 等表示 情感色彩的形容詞后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。t He is sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句

11、的引導(dǎo)詞表示疑問(wèn)時(shí)，需要放在句首。t Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin ger this year?4、if和whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中用法的區(qū)別 Whether和if在作 是否”講時(shí)：I在下列幾種情況下只能用 whethero當(dāng)被引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)。t Whether they will join in the winter camp I don t care. 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。t We are talki ng about whether he will come n ext w

12、eek.從句中有“ or not時(shí)0t i don t care whether the work will take long or not.引導(dǎo)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。t i am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away. 當(dāng)從句部分用if引導(dǎo)時(shí)，容易出現(xiàn)歧義時(shí)。t Let me know whether you can come.*（此句話中若出現(xiàn)if,則不能判定if表示的含義為 是否”還是 如果”，容易有歧義。）U在動(dòng)詞ask, know, wonder,詞后，只能用if。5、

13、不可省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng) that 作 learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常不省略。 t i have lear nt that most of the stude nts who are in terested in Chin ese take in terest in En glish.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句比較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，that不省略。t We all think that what the public is badly in n eed of is nothing but

14、the developme nt of economy.（我們大家都認(rèn)為所急需的不是別的正是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展.）當(dāng)主句狀語(yǔ)置于賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)。t i realized at once that I had done wrong immediately she told me all about this.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于其句首時(shí)。t He told us that, if we could all come to help out, the whole situatio n would be look ing up.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。t When M

15、arx got to England, he found, however, that his English was so limited that he could n t go on with his com mon affairs.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以。t Then he began to talk to us about the French Ianguage, saying （that） it wa s the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we m

16、ust keep it among is and n ever forget it.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this, that，或this, that為主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。t Some stude nts think that this kind of book can help them improve their En glish grammar.He said that the word that I wrote on the blackboard was wrong 。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句為雙賓語(yǔ)的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。t He told me that he would put some sig ns on th

17、e en velope.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。t However, many people simply couldn t believe that what he had written was true.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有it為其形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。t We all con sidered it importa nt that childre n should take ple nty of milk as they grow.（此類動(dòng)詞詳見(jiàn)三、1、部分）6、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其語(yǔ)氣?主句的謂語(yǔ)是 think, believe, imagine, suppose, conside

18、r, expect, fancy, gueS等時(shí)，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)到主句上來(lái)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)一般和賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。t I dontthink they stick out to the last minute.I don suppose that his fault, is it?賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊語(yǔ)氣：動(dòng)詞wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。t I wish I were a bird.動(dòng)詞 suggest, advise, order, i nsist, dema nd, comma nd, request, require 的賓語(yǔ)從句用 “ should + do 形式。in

19、sist + that堅(jiān)持要求（接【should】do）;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為-（接一致時(shí)態(tài)）suggest +that建議 （接【should】do）; 暗示（接致時(shí)態(tài)）四、表語(yǔ)從句1、表語(yǔ)從句的特殊連接詞除了基本的連接詞可以連接表語(yǔ)從句以外，because, as if/though, as, like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。t He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.除了 be動(dòng)詞以外，可以用于表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有：seem, look, appear, sou nd, taste, feel, rema

20、i n等。t It looks as if it is going to rain.2、表語(yǔ)從句中需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題reason為主語(yǔ)時(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)為reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞要用that，而不用why.t The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.如果主句的主語(yǔ)為idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requiremeh等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用“（should） +動(dòng)詞原形”形式。t My suggesti on is that we （should） have a discussi on about this matter in stead of just lay ing in as