一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1、結(jié)構(gòu)形成現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+v（動詞）+ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式）第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+動詞的ing形式.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+動詞的ing形式.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+動詞的ing形式第三人稱單數(shù) He（She，it）+is+動詞的ing形式第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+動詞ing肯定句:主語+be（am/is/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞ing形式）否定句：主語+be（is/am/are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞ing形式）一般疑問句:be（is/am/are）+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞ing形式）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?間接引語中改為過

2、去進行時。變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下直接在動詞后面+ ing(例：sleep+ing 變sleeping)2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e再+ing(例：bite-e+ing 變biting)3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，要雙寫尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming sit+t+ing=sitting)4.以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，變ie為y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）5.結(jié)尾為c且c讀作/k/時，在結(jié)尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法A表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情在進行。We are waiti

3、ng for you.B. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，說話時未必正在進行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài).)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會不會發(fā)生的將來活動。Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（我下周要去尼泊爾旅行)Were flying to Paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機去巴黎）句型構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時助動詞be 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（ing形式）。be的變化在現(xiàn)在時中，be 要根據(jù)人稱代

4、詞和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不同，而分別使用am/is/are，即：I /he/she/it 包括單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用is,you/we/they 包括復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are.現(xiàn)在進行時注意：be 動詞在現(xiàn)在時里算作“助動詞”，翻譯正在進行時的時候，be不能解釋為“是”，否則不通順。它只是和現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成“進行時”。動詞加ing的規(guī)則現(xiàn)在分詞是在動詞后加上ing 構(gòu)成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的，大家用心記一下就可以了。(1)直接在謂語動詞后加ing. 例如：going, starting, working,lookin

5、g.(2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e，再加ing. 例如 leaving,making,coming,writing.注意：如果單詞結(jié)尾的e發(fā)音，則不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing .(3) 對于重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning,getting,putting.running另外，有少數(shù)動詞比較特殊，請用心記?。豪纾簂ie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking.這一條規(guī)律，必須要弄清什么是“重讀閉音節(jié)”。下面再舉一些雙寫的例子：

6、run running stop stopping cut cutting control controlling put - putting時間狀語可用來表示現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment，right now ,these days等；或者告訴你一個準確的現(xiàn)在時間，或者用look, listen提醒聽者注意正在發(fā)生的事。They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。Listen! She is singing an English song.聽，她正在唱英語歌。Look at the pict

7、ure. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖。那些孩子正在公園放風箏。We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機模型。Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 現(xiàn)在是6：30.我正在起床。句型分析1.一般疑問句是將be移到主語前面，句末加問號，讀升調(diào)。be+主語+doing sth Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Is he showing a foreign

8、 guest round the city? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.2.否定句式是在be動詞后加not.主語+be+not+doing sth I am not working. He isnt runnig or the track. The students arent playing football.被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在進行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意以下一些問題：now_(Look!Listen!)be+v-ing1.也像其它時態(tài)由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)一樣，首先弄清楚用現(xiàn)在進行時的句子中哪些可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。我們知道，在簡單句的五個基本句型

9、中，有三個基本句型(S V O，S V o O，S V O C)可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)；有兩個基本句型(S V，S V P)不能由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。所以，當這三個基本句型(S V O，S V InO DO，S V O OC)的謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在進行時時才有可能由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。例如：They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.She is teaching the boy a lesson.(S

10、 V InO DO)The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)Now the girl is being made to laugh.還應(yīng)注意到一些動詞很少用于被動語態(tài)，因此這些動詞在句子謂語用了現(xiàn)在進行時時也常沒有被動語態(tài)。如：We are having supper now.一般不能變?yōu)镾upper is being had now.。2.及物動詞現(xiàn)在進行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時有三種句式：主語(第一人稱單數(shù)I) am being 過去分詞 其他成分；主語(第二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)you，第

11、一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they等) are being 過去分詞 其他成分；主語(第三人稱單數(shù) he，she，it等) is being 過去分詞 其他成分。所以，當句子謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在進行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時謂語動詞要由原來作賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時的名(代)詞的數(shù)來決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：They are collecting money for the broadband project. Money is being collected for the broad-band project. They are not protecting some animal

12、s well enough. Some animals are not being protected well enough.3.當變?yōu)橹髡Z的原來的賓語(名/代詞)有較長的動詞不定式短語(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補足語時，動詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補足語等，一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如：They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children. The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.

13、They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school. A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school. Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre. A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).4.如果用在現(xiàn)在進行時的句子中

14、的謂語動詞是動詞短語或習(xí)慣用語，那么這個動詞短語或習(xí)語只把動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，其他部分保持不變。例如：The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).5.當用了現(xiàn)在進行時的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是S V In O DO句型時，既可以把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，但如果是后者，可根據(jù)動詞的習(xí)慣用法，把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如：George is sending hi

15、s friends phone texts and pictures. His friends phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George). Texts and pictures are being sent to his friends phone(by George). She is making Toma new coat. Tom is being made a new coat. A new coat is being made for Tom.6.用了現(xiàn)在進行時的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，原來充當主語的名/代詞(特別是人稱

16、代詞)在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強調(diào)時可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：They are adding new functions to the phones. New functions are being added to the phones(by them). Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present. The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.7.當用了現(xiàn)在進行時的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，其否定式的構(gòu)成主要把not放在謂語動詞中第一個助動詞(am ，are或is)后面構(gòu)成，而疑問式的構(gòu)成則是把句子謂語動詞的第一個助動詞(am，are或is)移到句子前(第一個字母要大寫)，然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如