非謂語動詞講與練

1、高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動詞一、非謂語動詞講解1.非謂語動詞的概念動詞的基本用法是作謂語。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動詞不定式：to do 2、動詞的ing : doing 3、動詞的過去分詞：done2.三種形式的含義（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的ing：表示主動和進(jìn)行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。3.非謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動to doto have doneto be doing被動to be doneto have been doneing 形式主動doinghaving done被動bein

2、g donehaving been done過去分詞被動done4.非謂語動詞的否定形式在非謂語動詞前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing5.非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb. to do sth.動詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主語時(shí)，用的所有格doing)非謂語動詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的

3、主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時(shí)常用doing.非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解命題規(guī)律1.考查立意較低，主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是，題目的設(shè)置注重了情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大了考生對題干句的理解難度。2設(shè)問的角度呈現(xiàn)出多樣化趨勢，不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。命題趨勢不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度的多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會有所控制。解題思路 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓δ埽ㄈ鐮钫Z、定語或賓

4、補(bǔ)）； 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關(guān)系（主動還是被動）； 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當(dāng)形式； 將該選項(xiàng)置入空中，看是否能夠做到字從意順，或是否能傳達(dá)有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別1感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如：I heard her sing a

5、n English song just now.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成和狀態(tài)。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (狀態(tài))I was surprised to find my hometow

6、n changed so much. (完成)2leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使處于某種狀態(tài)）。leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示將來的動作。）如：I

7、ts wrong of you to leave the machine running.你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進(jìn)行）The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.客人們沒有動大部分菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來不可口。（被動，完成）He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動，將來）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problem

8、s to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。（被動，將來）3have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have, get 表示“使、讓、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。如Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done 還表示“使遭受”之意。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken int

9、o while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進(jìn)行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物開始行動起來如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起

10、來。注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。Dont have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個(gè)不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.I cant get him to stop smoking. He w

11、ont listen to me.二、下列動詞后跟帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning befor

12、e firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, l

13、et, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.The missing boys were last s

14、een playing near the river.不定式、分詞作定語用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作定語1作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.Here is some paper for you to write on.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時(shí)，不定式后面的

15、介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in).We found a way to solve this problem (in).2當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”）Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to be sent 的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）3用不

16、定式作定語的幾種情況：不定式表將來：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常見的有：ability, chance, id

17、ea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I havea chance to go sight seeing.二、分詞作定語1作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing; being + 過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關(guān)系時(shí)，用V ing；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用being + 過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過

18、去分詞。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Toms.I have never seen a more moving movie.2作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing 和過去分詞。V ing 表示正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如：falling leaves 正落的葉子 fallen leaves 落下的葉子boiling water 正沸騰的水 boiled water 沸騰過的水（白開水）三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時(shí)間上。過

19、去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時(shí)間性。如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is a man loved and respected by all.Dont use words, expression_r_rs, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時(shí)表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with

20、the students.不定式的被動式作定語時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來的動作。如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one.不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點(diǎn)一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan,

21、 agree, ask / beg, help此外，afford, strive（斗爭） 等也要用不定式作賓語。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competit

22、ive.二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk此外be

23、used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。 The squirrel

24、s was lucky that they just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remember to do sth. 記住去做某事

25、remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant he

26、lp to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2動詞like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動詞不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend.3在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit

27、后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.4動詞need, require, want 作“需要”解時(shí)，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時(shí)動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意

28、義。此外，若動詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時(shí)，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：need / require / want doing / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n. (表示錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞)be worth doing be worthy of being donebe worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done如：The window needs / requires / wants c

29、leaning.The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦一下。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of a visit.The place is worthy of being visited.The place is worthy to be visited.那個(gè)地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. What do you think of the book ? Oh, excellent, Its

30、 worth reading a second time.四、動詞不定式作動詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶wh 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He show

31、ed us how we should do the work.)I dont know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.)Can you tell me why do it ?五、動詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait.We had nothing

32、 to do but / other than wait.We have no choice but to wait.I cant choose but laugh.不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作狀語He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)They went there to visit their teacher. 他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。（表目的）He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。（表示結(jié)果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation o

33、f China.我祖母活到親眼見到中國解放。（表示結(jié)果）在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am very glad to see you. 我非常高興地見到你。I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 聽到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激動了，不會不講幾句話的。He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學(xué)年齡了。She is too tired

34、 to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起為了趕上第一班車。The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽車停下來以便接納乘客。To look at him, you would like him. (表?xiàng)l件)To tell you the truth, I have got

35、 no money about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨(dú)立成分)二、分詞作狀語 1分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。2分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引出。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間)Be careful while / wh

36、en crossing the street. (時(shí)間)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)The teacher came into the lab, followed

37、 by some students. (伴隨狀況)3獨(dú)立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有：Generally speaking 一般說來 Frankly speaking 坦白地說Judging from 根據(jù)來判斷 Considering 考慮到To tell you the truth 說實(shí)話非謂語動詞其它用法一、疑問詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語。如：I didnt know what to do. (賓語)When

38、to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語)My question was how to get so many books. (表語)注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?二、不定式的主動和被動1不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動形式。如：Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ? (A knife cuts the watermelon.)2不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用

39、主動形式。如：She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)I know what to do. (I do what.)3不定式作表語形容詞的關(guān)語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 。如：This book is difficult to understand.This kind of fish is nice to eat.4在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，

40、則用被動形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )請注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義的不同點(diǎn)：There is nothing to do. (無事可做，感到十分乏味。)There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。)三、不定式符號to 的保留問題有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后：expect, hope,

41、wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday ? No, but Id like to be. I didnt tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那個(gè)消息。 Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本應(yīng)該告訴他的四、動名詞作主語動

42、名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is / was no use / good + doing sth.It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.It is / was useless如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應(yīng)保持

43、形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。五、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Her job is giving piano lessons to children, b

44、ut this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。His frightening shout scared the boys again.The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. 他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：an exciting voice 令

45、人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情二、非謂語動詞高考鏈接1.【2015湖南】When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ （wonder)whether to stay or leave.wondering 【答案】wondering 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主句的主語she與動詞wonder構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，因此用v.ing形

46、式作伴隨狀語，故選A。句意：當(dāng)那個(gè)小職員看到一張善良的面孔泛起皺紋并歉意地一笑時(shí)，她像生了根一樣站在那兒，不知道是走還是留。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞【名師點(diǎn)睛】非謂語形式有三種：1、動詞不定式：to do 2、動詞的ing : doing 3、動詞的過去分詞：done;不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的ing：表示主動和進(jìn)行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。非謂語動詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了;2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：

47、分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時(shí)常用doing.從本題來看主句的主語she與動詞wonder構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，因此用v.ing形式作伴隨狀語。2.【2015北京】_(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.【答案】To catch【解析】試題分析：句意：為了趕上早班的飛機(jī)，我們提前叫了出租車并且起得很早。這里邏輯主語是we，空中用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前交出租車并且早起的目的。故選C?！究键c(diǎn)定位】

48、考查非謂語動詞。【名師點(diǎn)睛】此題應(yīng)抓住邏輯主語與從句的關(guān)系，然后從句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道這里用不定式做目的狀語，意思是“為了”，學(xué)生需要注意非謂語動詞中現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式和各種動詞在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此類題。3.【2015北京】23.The park was full of people,_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.【答案】enjoying 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對非謂語動詞的掌握情況，做題時(shí)可以先根據(jù)情景，語境等排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。然后根據(jù)句子中的主謂關(guān)系判斷出正確選項(xiàng)。做好此類題需要先判斷邏輯主語

49、和非謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，然后看非謂語動詞動作與謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的先后順序，所以學(xué)生需要多加注意句子之間的關(guān)系。4.【2015北京】If _(accept)for the job, youll be informed soon.【答案】accepted 【解析】試題分析：句意：如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。本句條件狀語從句中省略了主語you，與accept構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞accepted?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題暗含了狀語從句的省略和非謂語動詞的用法兩個(gè)知識點(diǎn)，并牢記現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，不定式表將要執(zhí)行的動作的原則。做好此類題需要

50、牢記句子中省略，還有主語和動詞之間的關(guān)系。5.【2015重慶】 _ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.Raised 【答案】Raised 【解析】 試題分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最窮的地方長大，要想成為足球明星還有很長的路要走。根據(jù)句意可知raise這個(gè)動詞的主語是he，他在這個(gè)地方長大，兩者之間是主謂關(guān)系 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語謂語動詞。【名師點(diǎn)睛】 本題在考查非謂語動詞，題目難度中等，從選項(xiàng)看，不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的ing：表示主動和進(jìn)

51、行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，兩個(gè)句子是否共用一個(gè)主語，主語與第一個(gè)動詞之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動賓關(guān)系，再者還要注意判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系，從而得出答案來。6.【2015重慶】Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ (use)the sun and the stars.using 【答案】using 【解析】 試題分析：句意：象古代的水手，鳥能利用太陽和星辰來找到他們的路。Using是伴隨狀語。 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點(diǎn)是：它所表達(dá)的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)

52、生或存在的，這個(gè)考點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，本題考查的是分詞做伴隨狀語，分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示與主句的主語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動意義； 而過去分詞短語則表示與主句的主語在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，即被動意義；He sen me an e-mail hoping to get further information 他給我發(fā)一封電子郵件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙進(jìn)了大廳，后面跟著兩個(gè)警衛(wèi)。7. 【2015浙江】Listening to music at home is one thin

53、g, going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.8. 【答案】being performed【解析】試題分析：句意：在家里面聽音樂是一回事，去到現(xiàn)場聽又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表聽到某人某物做某事。由于音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動，所以選D。分析4個(gè)選項(xiàng)知道，答案所使用的是同一個(gè)動詞，不同的是時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或者是非謂語形式。 A是動詞原形，B是非謂語現(xiàn)在分詞形式，C是非謂語的不定式，D是非謂語的現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及用法，不難知道音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞非謂語【名師點(diǎn)睛】解答此題，

54、既需要正確區(qū)分非謂語和謂語的用法，又要對語態(tài)中的被動和主動有所了解，另外也要對hear 這個(gè)感官動詞的用法有了解。其中的非謂語和謂語可以根據(jù)句子成分劃分得出，而語態(tài)關(guān)鍵看主語是人還是物。當(dāng)物作主語時(shí)需要用被動。8.【2015天津】 _ (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. Having worked【答案】Having worked【解析】試題分析：句意：工作了兩天，Steve成功的按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。句中的邏輯主語為Steve，與work之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，這里用having work

55、ed，表示動作的先后性。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題考查的非謂語動詞為高中重點(diǎn)語法之一。在分析題目的時(shí)候，首先要抓住非謂語動詞所對應(yīng)的邏輯主語，再分析二者之間的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表示其動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。9.【2015天津】_(absorb)in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. 【答案】 Absorbed【解析】試題分析：句意：全神貫注于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意到晚上到了。短語be absorbed in全神貫注于，在句中作狀語?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查非謂語動詞?！久麕?/p>

56、點(diǎn)睛】本題考查的非謂語動詞為高中重點(diǎn)語法之一。在分析題目的時(shí)候，首先要抓住非謂語動詞所對應(yīng)的邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語之后，再分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動還是被動關(guān)系，最后根據(jù)句意選擇正確的答案。10.【2015陜西】After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.【答案】to thank【解析】試題分析：句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict繼續(xù)感謝所有幫助她演繹生涯的人。go on to do繼續(xù)做不同的事情【考點(diǎn)定位】考查不定式【名師