中考重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講6--動(dòng)詞

1、中考重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講中考重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講(六六) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞在中考中占有重要地位。根據(jù)意動(dòng)詞在中考中占有重要地位。根據(jù)意義和句法作用義和句法作用, 動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，連動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞, 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞; 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的形式形式, 又可分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。又可分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。中考需掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)中考需掌握八種時(shí)態(tài) (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 一般一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí), 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí), 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過(guò)去將過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)來(lái)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)成時(shí))。另外考生還需掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)。另

2、外考生還需掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。成及用法。中考重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精練中考重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精練(六六) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞【中考鏈接中考鏈接】1. - Food safety is a serious problem in China. If we dont pay attention to it, the situation will be _worse. - Fortunately, our government is working hard to _ it. ( 2013深圳深圳) A. very; accept B. even; accept C. even; improve D. very; impro

3、ve2. - Bob! Would you please ask all your classmates _ before Miss Li _ back? - OK. Ill tell them right away. ( 2013深圳深圳 ) A. not to leave, will come B. not to leave, comes C. dont leave; comes D. dont leave; will come3. - Milie, where is Miss Li? - She _ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year st

4、udents in the hall. (2013 南京南京) A. givesB. gave C. is givingD. has given4. - Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann? - It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theater now. A. mayB. must C. cantD. mustnt5. I _ Mr Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京北京) A. didnt hear from B. dont hear

5、 from C. wont hear fromD. havent heard from一、考查動(dòng)詞的類型一、考查動(dòng)詞的類型【例例1】Oh, it _ so nice. What beautiful music it is! (2013重慶重慶)A. smellsB. sounds C. tastesD. looks【解析解析】此題考察系動(dòng)詞此題考察系動(dòng)詞 (如如be, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, get, turn等等) +形容詞的用法。形容詞的用法。題干的意思是題干的意思是 “它聽(tīng)起來(lái)如此美妙。多它聽(tīng)起來(lái)如此美妙。多么悅耳的音樂(lè)么悅耳的音樂(lè)!”, 根據(jù)意

6、思根據(jù)意思, 即可得出答即可得出答案為案為sounds。二、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)二、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)【例例2】- You look very nice in your new dress today.- Oh, really? I _ it when it was on sale. (2013廣州廣州)A. buyB. boughtC. have bought D. will buy【解析解析】根據(jù)根據(jù)when it was on sale可知主句的動(dòng)作可知主句的動(dòng)作也發(fā)生在過(guò)去也發(fā)生在過(guò)去, 故正確選項(xiàng)為故正確選項(xiàng)為B。【例例3】- Its said a pianist will perform a

7、t Poly Theater on Friday evening. Is it Lang Lang?- Yes, it _him. He _ for a week. (2012深圳深圳)A. must be; has arrived hereB. maybe; has been hereC. must be; has been hereD. maybe; has arrived here【解析解析】第一空考查第一空考查must作肯定猜測(cè)的用法作肯定猜測(cè)的用法; 第第二空根據(jù)題意要采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二空根據(jù)題意要采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 因而要因而要使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。三、考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)三、考查

8、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)【例例4】 - What will you do _ the summer holiday?- I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will _ in August. (2012深圳深圳)A. during; be held B. at; holdC. during; hold D. at; be held【解析解析】 第二空中主語(yǔ)第二空中主語(yǔ)it所指所指London Olympic Games, 與謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)hold是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因有是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因有will, 所以要用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以要用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！就卣雇卣?/p>

9、】1. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 (如如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become等等) 和不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 (如如happen, die, appear, take place等等) 無(wú)被無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中, 表示感官動(dòng)詞表示感官動(dòng)詞 (如如see, watch, notice, hear等等) 以及使役動(dòng)詞以及使役動(dòng)詞 (如如make, let, have等等) 后面接省略后面接省略to的不定的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要把但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要把to還原。如還原。如: The naughty

10、 boy made my brother cry. (主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) My brother was made to cry by the naughty boy. (被動(dòng)被動(dòng))3. 后置定語(yǔ)。如果動(dòng)詞與其修飾的名詞后置定語(yǔ)。如果動(dòng)詞與其修飾的名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 那么動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去分那么動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去分詞的形式作定語(yǔ)詞的形式作定語(yǔ), 放在該名詞后面。如放在該名詞后面。如: Is there anybody injured in the accident? I know a man called Peter.【檢測(cè)反饋檢測(cè)反饋】從從A. B. C. D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出

11、最佳答案。1. Lang Lang _ as the most successful pianist in China. A. are thought B. calls C. is considered D. is called2. Mom is pleased becase the dish _ good. A. is tastedB. tastes C. tasteD. is tasting3. After the earthquake, there were thousands of houses _. People had _ in temporary tents. A. destro

12、yed; to live B. destroy; live C. destroying; lived D. to destroy; to live4. The tourist was seen _ rubbish in the place of interest, so he should _. A. to throwing, warnB. threw; be warned C. throw; warnedD. to throw; be warned5. Mo Yans books _ well after he _ the Nobel Prize. A. are sold, wins B.

13、sell, won C. are selling; wins D. have sold; won【考場(chǎng)練兵】. 選擇填空。1. Excuse me, is this the way to No. 5 Middle School? Oh, sorry. Im not sure. It _ be. A. must B. should C. may2. Its getting late. I really _ go home now. A. must B. can C. might3. More and more students wear glasses in our school. Yeah.

14、I think students _ keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes. A. should B. may C. could4. Life gets easier with the Internet. Thats true. Almost everything _ be done online. A. had better B. can C. need5. Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you _. But youll have to come back home be

15、fore ten oclock. A. mustnt B. may not C. dont have to6. Hello, Han Mei! Im a reporter from Shenzhen Daily. _ I ask you some questions? Sure, go ahead. A. Should B. May C. Must7. Youd better _ early every day. Its good for your health. Thanks. Ill do as you say. A. get up B. to get up C. getting up8.

16、 You _ park here, sir. Look at the sign! It says “No parking”. Sorry, I didnt notice it just now. A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt 9. How do you usually go to school? My school is far away, so I _ take the bus to school. A. can B. might C. have to10. Have you seen Jack? His mother is looking for him a

17、ll the afternoon. No, I havent. She _ be very worried now. A. must B. need C. should【考場(chǎng)練兵】. 選擇填空。1. Lucy _ swimming with her sister twice a month. A. has gone B. is going C. goes2. We will go for a picnic if the weather _ fine tomorrow. A. was B. is C. will be3. I went to visit the Browns yesterday,

18、 but they were not at home. Well, they _ to London. A. will go B. have been C. have gone4. Listen! Someone _ in the next room. A. is singing B. sings C. has sung5. Our teacher told us the Sun _ much bigger than the Earth. A. is B. was C. would be6. When I got home, my mother _ the house by herself.

19、A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned7. My father _ to Canada on business next month. A. goes B. has gone C. will go8. When _ your aunt come to China? Well, she _ in China for five year. A. did; has lived B. does; is living C. has; was living9. Tom _ TV at home at eight oclock yesterday. A.

20、has watched B. will watch C. was watching10. Are you sure that your father _ back in three days? A. has come B. will come C. was coming【考場(chǎng)練兵】. 選擇填空。1. What does your sister usually do on Saturday mornings? She often practises _ the piano for an hour. A. to play B. played C. playing2. Its too difficu

21、lt for me _ the work in such a short time. Anything is possible if you put your heart into it. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing3. Suddenly, the house began to shake. Then he stopped _ music and rushed out quickly. A. listened to B. to listen to C. listening to4. Liu Qiang used _ on the right in C

22、hina, but now he has got used _ on the left in England. A. to drive; to driving B. driving; driving C. to drive; to drive5. Is Simon in the library? No, he isnt. I saw him _ out with some books just now. A. gone B. go C. to go6. Wendy, how to make a short video with a mobile phone? You can use an ap

23、p called Meipai. Let me show you _. A. which to use it B. how to use it C. where to use it7. Would you like to go shopping with me this weekend? Id love to, but Ill have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. to do8. In the past, he always made his little sister_. A. cry B. crying C. to cry. 用括號(hào)中所給詞

24、的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Look! The students _(play) in the playground.2. Have you watched the new movie Zootopia, Jack? Not yet. I _(watch) it with my cousin this evening.3. Look at the sign! It says “No photos”. Oh, sorry. I _(not see) it.4. We will go climbing next month as soon as the holiday _(begin).5. I mis

25、sed Lindas call because at that time I _(take) a shower.are playingwill watchdidnt see beginswas taking 6. My uncle is a doctor. He _(work) in a local hospital.7. Could you please tell me when the professor _(come) to our school?8. The little girl _(read) fifteen books up to now.9. Have you finished

26、 the report? Not yet. I _(finish) it in three days.10. Alice _(buy) a beautiful scarf for her mother yesterday.workswill comehas readwill finishbought. 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Kitty enjoys _(draw) pictures in her free time.2. The doctor encouraged his patients _(eat) healthy food.3. It was careless of hi

27、m _(pour) the soup all over the kitchen floor.4. When I met the little girl, I couldnt help _(hug) her.5. What do you use this towel for? I use it _(cover) the computer.drawing to eat to pour hugging to cover 6. If you happen to talk to him, have him _(ring) me up.7. Do you think it easy _(learn) En

28、glish? I find it hard, but its useful.8. We havent decided when _(take) a holiday yet.ring to learn to take . 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，補(bǔ)充完整下列句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。1. 當(dāng)電話響的時(shí)候，我正在看我是歌手。 I _ I Am a Singer when the phone rang.2. 電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演一小時(shí)了。 The film _ for an hour already.3. 請(qǐng)安靜！孩子們正在臥室睡覺(jué)。 Please be quiet. The children _ in the bedro

29、om.was watchinghas been onare sleeping 4. 我爸爸決定當(dāng)他老了要在海南生活。 My father decides that he _in Hainan when he is old.5. 我妹妹告訴我當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大后她想成為一名教 師。 My sister told me that she _ to become a teacher when she grew up. will livewanted 中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 【考點(diǎn)小結(jié)】 can/could的用法 1. can表示能力，意為“能，會(huì)”，其否定形式cant意為“不能，不會(huì)”。can的過(guò)去式是cou

30、ld，否定形式是couldnt。 2. can/could還可以表示請(qǐng)求或許可，could比can的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣，常用句型有Can/Could I/you .?。 must的用法 1. must意為“必須”，其否定形式mustnt意為“禁止”。注意must和have to在用法上的區(qū)別：must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to表示客觀的需要，意為“不得不”。 2. 回答must開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定回答，用neednt或dont have to，意為“不必”。 3. must還可以表示推測(cè)、可能性，意為“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。表示推測(cè)“不可能”時(shí)，要用cant。 may

31、/might的用法 1. may/might表示請(qǐng)求或許可，意為“可以”，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉，常用句型有May/Might I .?。否定回答時(shí)用cant或mustnt，意為“不可以，禁止”。 2. may/might還可以表示推測(cè)、可能性，意為“也許，可能”。might所表示的可能性比may小。 其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 1. had better意為“最好”，常用來(lái)提建議，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。否定形式had better not意為“最好不要”。 2. should意為“應(yīng)該”，常用來(lái)表示建議、責(zé)任或義務(wù)，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，相當(dāng)于ought to。否定形式為should not

32、 (=shouldnt)，意為“不應(yīng)該”。 3. need意為“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。否定形式為neednt。中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 【考點(diǎn)小結(jié)】 初中階段常見(jiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)主要有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, twice a year, every month, on weekdays等連用。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1

33、. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)用am / is / are +V-ing。 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, at present, at the moment等連用。當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ook, listen等提示語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3. go, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，也可表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去，其謂語(yǔ)用have / has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與yet,

34、 already, just, ever, never, recently, so far, since +過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻, for + 一段時(shí)間, in the past few years等連用。 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與yesterday, last week, in 1945, a few days ago, the day before yesterday等連用。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was / were + V-ing

35、。 2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與at that time, at this time yesterday, at seven last night, from to last night等連用。 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用will / be going to +動(dòng)詞原形。“will +動(dòng)詞原形”主要表示說(shuō)話人知道或認(rèn)為將會(huì)發(fā)生某事，或表示說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)做的決定?！癰e going to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示計(jì)劃要做的事情，或表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。 2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)要用therewill be或there is / are going to be。 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)常與tomorrow, tomorrowmorning, next week, in two days, in 2050等連用。中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 【考點(diǎn)小結(jié)】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)詞不定式 1. 作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用代詞it來(lái)充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式）放在后面，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為It is + adj.（+for/of sb.）+ to do sth.。 2. 作賓語(yǔ) agree, fail, want, decide