中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

1、第31講動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)【真題體驗(yàn)】1The medicine _A_ awful.I cant stand it.I know，Jimmy.But its helpful for you.(2014，昆明)Atastes Beats Cdrinks Dtakes2Could you please have a walk with me？(2014，泰安)Sorry，I _C_I have something important to do now.Amustnt Bneednt Ccant Dmay not3Where are you going？(2014，臺(tái)州)To the library

2、.Ive finished reading this book，so Im going to _C_ it.Abuy Bthrow Creturn Dborrow4Jim，you look sleepy.Whats wrong？(2014，隨州)I _C_ to write a report last night.Alooked up Bended upCstayed up Dtook up5Look，someone left a book.(2014，菏澤)Oh，yeah.This book _B_ be Kittys.Only she likes to read this kind of

3、books.Acan Bmust Cmay Dmight6I like the dress very much.It _A_ comfortable.(2014，聊城)Afeels Btastes Csounds Dsmells【考點(diǎn)梳理】動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是中考考查的重點(diǎn)之一。考查的范圍有：行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)間的辨析。1第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式及讀音一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s(s在清輔音后讀/s/，s在濁輔音后讀/z/)workgrowworks/

4、s/grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es(es讀/Iz/，o后的es讀/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/Iz/mixes/Iz/finishes/Iz/catches/Iz/goes/z/以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加s(s讀/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加es(ies讀/Iz/)studycarrystudies/Iz/carries/Iz/以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加s(s讀/z/)playsayplays/z/says/z/不規(guī)則變化的有havehas等。2現(xiàn)在

5、分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動(dòng)詞后加inghelpworkhelpingworking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再加ingwritemovewritingmoving以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加inggetbegingettingbeginning以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加ingliedielyingdying3.過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞及其讀音一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed(在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀d，在t和d后讀/Id/)as

6、kanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/Id/neededneeded/Id/以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加d(讀/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加ed(讀/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加ed(讀/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ed(在清輔音后讀

7、/t/，在濁輔音后讀/d/，在t和d后讀/Id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶。高頻考點(diǎn)一實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析實(shí)義動(dòng)詞能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語(yǔ)，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后面要跟賓語(yǔ)才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三種句型中：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天買(mǎi)了一些書(shū)。(bought后有賓語(yǔ)books，為及物動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)2不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞本身有完整的意思，后不需接賓語(yǔ)。如：He liste

8、ned but could not hear.他留神聽(tīng)，但沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。(listen后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，為不及物動(dòng)詞)若不及物動(dòng)詞需要帶賓語(yǔ)，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，才可以跟賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物動(dòng)詞)She sang an English song just now.她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞)【例1】Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV？(2014，麗水)Sometimes.Its an interesting program，but I _ A _

9、 Sports News.Aprefer Bwant Cknow Dreview點(diǎn)撥：prefer“更喜歡”；want“想要”；know“知道”；review“復(fù)習(xí)”。句意“你經(jīng)常在電視上看人與自然嗎？”“有時(shí)看，這是一個(gè)有趣的節(jié)目，但我更喜歡看體育新聞?！薄纠?】My brother _ B _ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up.(2014，孝感)Areminded BrefusedCagreed Dconsidered點(diǎn)撥：remind“提醒；使想起”；refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意

10、做某事”；consider“考慮；認(rèn)為”。句意“我的哥哥拒絕搬這個(gè)箱子，但是我不放棄。”B項(xiàng)符合句意。高頻考點(diǎn)二系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的用法1系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或態(tài)度的系動(dòng)詞有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook，seem，appear等；表示人的感覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表變化的系動(dòng)詞有become，get，grow，turn等。2助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)意義或意義不完整，不能獨(dú)立用作謂語(yǔ)。它須與別的動(dòng)

11、詞連用，幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句和疑問(wèn)句等。常用助動(dòng)詞有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等?！纠?】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it _ A very sour.(2014，寧波)Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds點(diǎn)撥：taste“嘗起來(lái)”；look“看起來(lái)”；feel“摸起來(lái)”；sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”。句意“這種桃子看起來(lái)真的不錯(cuò)，但嘗起來(lái)很酸”?！纠?】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother_ A _.Adoes Bdo Cis

12、Dlikes點(diǎn)撥：通常我們用助動(dòng)詞替代上文提到的動(dòng)詞，以免重復(fù)。my brother為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故“does”符合題意。高頻考點(diǎn)三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。1can(could)表能力，could表過(guò)去的能力。can與be able to的意義基本相同。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而be able to能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。表可能性。表許可?？谡Z(yǔ)中可代替may。cant表有把握的否定判斷，意為“不可能”。could在口語(yǔ)中，常代替can來(lái)向?qū)Ψ奖容^委婉客氣地提出請(qǐng)求或表示看法。

13、此時(shí)could不表示過(guò)去時(shí)。2may(might)用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，意為“可以”?？谡Z(yǔ)性較強(qiáng)。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。表猜測(cè)和對(duì)可能性的判斷，意為“可能；也許”。might可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。3must表說(shuō)話人的主觀意志，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化。其否定答語(yǔ)常用neednt或dont have to，意為“不必”。注意：have to意為“不得不；必須”，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)受到外界客觀因素的迫使。它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，且有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。must本身的否定形式mustnt意為“不許；一定不要”，表示禁止和告誡。表示對(duì)事物的推測(cè)，意為“想必；一定

14、”，只用于肯定句。且比may的語(yǔ)氣要肯定得多。4would作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無(wú)人稱(chēng)限制，表意愿，常與like，love連用。5should表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”(某件事宜于做)，用于各種人稱(chēng)。表推測(cè)，意為“想必；一定；照說(shuō)；應(yīng)該；估計(jì)”等?！纠?】Here is my phone number.You _ B _ call me anytime you like.(2014，麗水)Amust Bcan Cshould Dneed點(diǎn)撥：must“必須”；can“能夠；可以”；should“應(yīng)該”；need“必須”。由句意“這是我的電話號(hào)碼，任何時(shí)候你都可以給我打電話?！笨芍獞?yīng)選B?！纠?】Is the

15、 longhaired man Bruce？(2014，聊城)No，it _ A _ be him.Hes in New York now.Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not點(diǎn)撥：cant“不可能”；mustnt“禁止，不允許”；neednt“不必”；may not“可能不”。由答句第二句話“他現(xiàn)在在紐約”?？赏茢嗄莻€(gè)長(zhǎng)發(fā)的男人不可能是布魯斯?！纠?】Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?No，you_ D _，son，youre free to make your own decision.

16、(2013，上海)Acant BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt點(diǎn)撥：對(duì)“Must I？”句型的否定回答應(yīng)為“No，you neednt.”或“No，you dont have to.”高頻考點(diǎn)四動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)指動(dòng)詞跟一個(gè)或兩個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的固定詞語(yǔ)。1動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞介詞arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物動(dòng)詞副詞find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，take off，take

17、 away，turn on，turn off，think over不及物動(dòng)詞副詞get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飛)動(dòng)詞副詞介詞get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to動(dòng)詞名詞介詞take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容詞介詞be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中階段常用短語(yǔ)如下：look短語(yǔ)l

18、ook for尋找；look after照顧；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看著；look up抬頭看，查找；look into 調(diào)查；look out當(dāng)心；look like看起來(lái)像；look the same看起來(lái)一樣；look through瀏覽put短語(yǔ)put off推遲；put on 穿上，上演；put away 收拾好；put out撲滅；put down寫(xiě)下；put back放回；put up 舉起，建造，張貼turn短語(yǔ)turn on打開(kāi)；turn off關(guān)掉；turn up把音量開(kāi)大一點(diǎn)；turn down把音量開(kāi)小一點(diǎn)；tu

19、rn into變成；turn over翻開(kāi)，翻轉(zhuǎn)；turn into把變成get短語(yǔ)get on/along(well)with與某人相處(融洽)；get up起床；get on上車(chē)(船、飛機(jī)、馬)；get off下車(chē)(船、飛機(jī)、馬)；get back回去；get back to回到；get down下來(lái)；get home到家；get into進(jìn)入，陷入；get out(of)(從)出去；get to到達(dá)；get together聚會(huì)take短語(yǔ)take off(飛機(jī))起飛，脫掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上當(dāng)；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇傭，呈現(xiàn)；take

20、 down取下；take up占據(jù)，開(kāi)始從事，拿起agree短語(yǔ)agree with同意某人的(意見(jiàn)、想法、分析、解釋)；agree to同意(計(jì)劃、辦法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go短語(yǔ)go over溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/購(gòu)物/跳舞/釣魚(yú)/打獵/野營(yíng)；go into走進(jìn)；go out出去，熄滅；go away走開(kāi)；go back回去，回顧；go up上升，攀登；go by時(shí)間流逝，從旁經(jīng)過(guò)；go for為而去；go on繼續(xù)；go through經(jīng)歷

21、；go to school去上學(xué)；go home回家；go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生come短語(yǔ)come along進(jìn)展；come in進(jìn)來(lái)；come into進(jìn)入；come out出來(lái)，出版；come down下來(lái)；come from來(lái)自；come back回來(lái)；come across偶然遇到；come over過(guò)來(lái)；come home回家；come into use開(kāi)始使用；come on快，得啦，跟著來(lái)，加油give短語(yǔ)give up放棄；give off放出，發(fā)出(氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等)；give out精疲力竭，累倒，耗盡，用完；give away泄露，贈(zèng)送；gi

22、ve in屈服，讓步，投降make短語(yǔ)make a decision作出決定；make sb.do sth.讓某人做某事；make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤；make progress取得進(jìn)步；make friends with與交朋友；make up編造，虛構(gòu)，打扮，構(gòu)成，組成；make a face做鬼臉be短語(yǔ)be friendly/kind to對(duì)友好；be different from與不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受歡迎；be interested in對(duì)感興趣；be strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格；be strict in sth.對(duì)

23、某事嚴(yán)格；be famous/known as作為出名；be surprised at對(duì)驚訝；be pleased with對(duì)滿意；be proud of對(duì)感到自豪；be polite/impolite to對(duì)某人有禮貌/不禮貌；be good for對(duì)有好處；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be made up of由構(gòu)成；be angry with對(duì)某人生氣；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with裝滿；be late for遲到call短語(yǔ)call at拜訪，后接地點(diǎn)；call on拜訪，后接被拜訪的對(duì)象；號(hào)召；call back回電話；call up打電話

24、，使回憶起；call for 叫某人同往某處電話，使回憶起；call for 叫某人同往某處【例8】 Do you _ A _ your son abe短語(yǔ)be friendly/kind to對(duì)友好；be different from與不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受歡迎；be interested in對(duì)感興趣；be strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格；be strict in sth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格；be famous/known as作為出名；be surprised at對(duì)驚訝；be pleased with對(duì)滿意；be proud of對(duì)感到自

25、豪；be polite/impolite to對(duì)某人有禮貌/不禮貌；be good for對(duì)有好處；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be made up of由構(gòu)成；be angry with對(duì)某人生氣；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with裝滿；be late for遲到call短語(yǔ)call at拜訪，后接地點(diǎn)；call on拜訪，后接被拜訪的對(duì)象；號(hào)召；call back回電話；call up打電話，使回憶起；call for 叫某人同往某處fter school？(2014，紹興)No.He comes back home on the school bu

26、s.Apick up Blook afterCdrop in Dsend for點(diǎn)撥：pick up“拿起，拾起，接(某人)”；look after“照顧”；drop in“順便拜訪”；send for“派人去取，召喚”。由答句“他坐校車(chē)回家”?？赏浦獑?wèn)句為“放學(xué)后你接你兒子回家嗎？”【例9】My parents ask me to _ C _ myself when they go out.(2014，義烏)Abring Bthink ofClook after Dagree with點(diǎn)撥：bring up“撫育”；think of“想起”；look after“照顧”；agree with

27、“同意”。句意為“父母要求我在他們外出時(shí)照顧自己?！薄纠?0】Ann is going on a tour of Xian，and she wants to_ B _ Chinese history.(2013，江西)Adream of Blearn aboutClook through Dpass on點(diǎn)撥：dream of “夢(mèng)到；夢(mèng)想”；learn about“了解”；look through“瀏覽”；pass on“傳遞”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意為“她想了解中國(guó)的歷史”。1How do you like the fish I cooked for you？(2

28、014，菏澤)I havent had it yet.However，it _A_ good.Asmells Btastes Csounds Dfeels2Bob，where is Linda？(2014，威海)She _B_ be in the library，but I am not sure.Amust Bmay Cneed Dhas to3Good manners can make people _A_ each other.(2014，蘭州)Aget on well with Bget offCget over Dget away4Must I hand in my homework

29、 now，Mr. Smith?No，you _D_(2014，北京)Acant Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dneednt5The vegetable soup _B_ delicious.Can I have more？(2014，德州)Alooks Btastes Csounds Dfeels6Lets go climbing，shall we？(2014，紹興)You _C_ be joking！Dont you know Im afraid of high places?Amay Bcan Cmust Dshould7The girl is greatly intereste

30、d in the song.The lyrics of it _A_ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，平?jīng)?Aexpress Bdiscuss Cexpect Dimagine8As time _A_，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)Agoes by Bruns outCtakes off Dturns up9_B_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.(2014，寧波)AMay BMust CCan DMight10Do you know the price of the ticket?Yes.Each_B_￥180.(2013，濟(jì)寧)Apays Bcosts Ctakes Dspends11He_C_an English club last year and has