高中英語(yǔ)同步語(yǔ)法精講精練必修1unit 4

1、.人教版高中英語(yǔ)同步語(yǔ)法精講精練必修一 Unit 4湛江 寧舒怡 定語(yǔ)從句I1、 定義：在主從復(fù)合句中，對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。本單元要掌握的關(guān)系代詞如下：that, which, who, whom, whose. 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1連接主從句；2指代先行詞；3在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。二關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that指人、指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。The bike that I bought yesterday is very expensive.作賓

2、語(yǔ)Do you know the woman that talked with you just now.作主語(yǔ)2which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。China is a country which has the largest number of people in the world .作主語(yǔ) 中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。The car which my father had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.作賓語(yǔ) 我父親剛買(mǎi)的小汽車(chē)在地震中被損壞了。3who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)

3、時(shí)常可省略。The man who is talking with my father is my uncle.作主語(yǔ)正在與我父親談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我叔叔。The professor whowhom/that you wish to see has gone abroad.作賓語(yǔ)你希望見(jiàn)到的那位教授出國(guó)了。4whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，常可省略，He is the man whom you are looking for.作賓語(yǔ)他就是你正在尋找的那個(gè)人。The woman whom you saw just now in the classroom is our English teache

4、r.作賓語(yǔ)你剛剛在教室里看見(jiàn)的那位女士是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。5whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。This is the boy whose father is a doctor.作定語(yǔ)，指人 這就是那位父親是醫(yī)生的男孩。He lives in a room whose window faces south.作定語(yǔ)，指物他住在一個(gè)窗子朝南的房間里。三關(guān)系代詞that與which指物時(shí)用法區(qū)別：一只用that不用which的情況1領(lǐng)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞或由every, all, any, f

5、ew, much等修飾時(shí)。Have you set down everything that Mr Li said?李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。2領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。The first place that they visited Guangzhou was the Bai Yun Mountain.在廣州他們參觀(guān)的第一個(gè)地方是白云山。3領(lǐng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the worst film that I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最難看的電影。4領(lǐng)先行詞被the v

6、ery, the only等詞修飾時(shí)。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丟的那支鋼筆。The only subject that I am not interested in is maths.我唯一不感興趣的科目是數(shù)學(xué)。5領(lǐng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the hotel that you stayed at last week?上周你住的是哪一家旅館？6領(lǐng)先行詞既指人，又

7、指物時(shí)。The teacher asked us to talk about the persons and things that we saw during our trip 老師叫我們談一談我們旅途中所看到的人和事。二只用which ,不用that的情況1非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物 2指代前面整個(gè)句子 3關(guān)系詞前有介詞4一個(gè)句子中含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，已使用一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞that,另一個(gè)那么用which四指人時(shí)只能用who 不用that 的情況：先行詞為one,ones,those,anyone,he 時(shí)Those who break the law must be punished.違法者必將受

8、到懲罰。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。特別提示：當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式要與先行詞形式一致，例如：1.Those who have finished work may go home.2.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)原創(chuàng)題1 填空。在每個(gè)空格上填上一個(gè)適宜的關(guān)系詞。1. Look at that boy _ name is Mike. 2. He is a teacher _ we like very much.

9、3. Those _ were late for school stay here after class.4. That is all the money _I have. 5. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 6. You can read any book _I have in the room,but you cant take any out of it.7Anyone didnt attend the meeting yesterday must give his reason.8On the train I sa

10、w a little girl was crying .9This is the most interesting movie _ I have ever seen.10The pen you bought yesterday is the same as mine11.The apples _ are in this basket are as big as in that one.12.The man_ you shook hands with is my brother.13.The old house _ windows were all broken was built in 195

11、0s.14.He is the teacher _we should learn from.15.I will never forget the kind-hearted man _gave me a lot of help when I was in trouble.16.The radio _ parts are too small to be seen cant be repaired.17.Who is the girl_is sweeping the floor over there?18.Finally,the man told me everything _he knew.19.

12、Mr. Li is pleased with what you have given him and all_you have told him.20.Do you like the skirt _color is yellow? 2 單句改錯(cuò)增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用橫線(xiàn)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。1The house which door faces to the east is mine. 2Children do well in school are liked by their te

13、achers. 3The story that you told me it just now is interesting. 4She is one of the teachers who knows Japanese in our school. 5.The man came yesterday is our English teacher.6.The students whom are playing football on the playground are very strong.7. The teacher asks us to pay attention to everythi

14、ng which he does.8. This is the best method which has been used against air pollution.9. She said to her parents that she would not marry anyone that she didnt love.10.The boy who glasses were broken bought a new pair yesterday.3 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1. 正站在我傍邊的男孩是李平。The boy_is Li Ping.2. 我們要盡快地為那些在地震中房子被毀的人提供

15、幫助。We should help those _in the earthquake as soon as possible3. 他就是你正在尋找的那個(gè)人。He is the man_.4. 我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)護(hù)士，她的丈夫是醫(yī)生。I know that nurse _.5. 廣州是一座有2019多年歷史的大城市。Guangzhou is a big city _a history of more than 2019 years.6. 他給我講了許多我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)的人和事。He told me many persons and things_.7. 剛剛跟你說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)男子是誰(shuí)？Who is the man

16、 _?8. 住在樓下的那個(gè)老人很好相處。The old man_is easy to get along with.9. 你昨天看中的房子賣(mài)掉了。The house _has been sold.10. 他想買(mǎi)一輛顏色是金灰色的小車(chē)。He wants to buy a car_is golden gray.參考答案一1.whose 2.who/whom/that 3.who 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.who 8.who/that 9.that 10.that/which 11.that/which 12.who/whom/that 13.whose 14.who/whom/

17、that 15.who/that 16.whose 17.that 18.that 19.that 20.whose 二1The house which door faces to the east is mine. whose2Children do well in school are liked by their teachers. who/that3The story that you told me it just now is interesting. 4She is one of the teachers who knows Japanese in our school. kno

18、w5.The man came yesterday is our English teacher. who/that6.The students who are playing football on the playground is very strong. are7. The teacher asks us to pay attention to everything which he does. that8. This is the best method which has been used against air pollution. that9. She said to her parents that she would not marry anyone that she didnt love. whom/who9. The boy who glasses were broken bought a new pair y