習(xí)題與答案一

1、 組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)習(xí)題與答案一雙項(xiàng)選擇題11. Principles for classification of the covering epithelium are A.the number of cell layerB.the cell shape of superficial layerC.the cell size of superficial layer D.the distribution of the epitheliumE.the relationship with the connective tissue2.Characteristics of endothelium ar

2、e A.simple squamous epitheliumB.no basement membraneC.lining of blood vessels D.lining of pericardial cavityE.lining of thyroid follicles3.Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium is distributed in the A.esophagus B.urinary bladder C.intestineD.epidermis E.cornea4.Specializations at free surfac

3、es of epithelium are A.hemidesmosome B.desmosome C.microvillusD.terminal web E.cilium5.Which of the following are NOT true of exocrine glands?A.Possess ducts B.Are ductlessC.Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glandD.Pour secretions into blood or lymphE.Carry secretions to an epithelial surface or

4、 a cavity6.Specializations at lateral surfaces of epithelium are A.tight junction B.hemidesmosome C.basement membraneD.desmosome E.cilium 7.Which of the following structures connect to the terminal web?A.Tight junction B.Microvillus C.Gap junctionD.Desmosome E.Intermediate junction8.Basement membran

5、e consists of the A.attachment plaqueB.basal lamina C.intermediate lineD.reticular lamina E.connexon9.Goblet cells can be found in the mucosa of the A.esophagusB.stomachC.small intestineD.tracheaE.urinary bladder10.The function of gap junctions includes toA.enhance connection between cellsB.maintain

6、 cell shapeC.conduct contraction between cellsD.transfer information between cellsE.prevent macromolecules from invasion 11.Which of the following have periodic cross-bandings at an interval of 64nm? A.Collagenous fibrils B.Elastic fibers C.Reticular fibersD.Myofibrils E.Myofilaments12.Collagenous f

7、ibers areA.made up of smaller units called fibrilsB.made up of smaller units called microfibrilsC.white in the fresh, unstained conditionD.oriented in a single direction in loose connective tissueE.positive in PAS staining13.Cells containing abundant RER and well-developed Golgi complex areA.fibrocy

8、tes B.fibroblasts C.mast cellsD.plasma cells E.fat cells14.Which of the following cells take part in immune reaction?A.Undifferentiated cells B.Fibroblast C.MacrophageD.Endocrine cell E.Plasma cell 15.Cells with basophilic cytoplasm areA.macrophages B.fibroblasts C.plasma cellsD.fibrocytes E.fat cel

9、ls16.The organs consisting of reticular tissue frame areA.lymph nodes B.bone marrow C.kidneysD.stomach E.lungs17.Reticular tissue is composed ofA.reticular cells B.undifferentiated cells C.collagenous fibersD.elastic fibersE.reticular fibers 18.Reticular fibers areA.seen in routine H & E staining B.

10、long and wide C.argyrophilic D.main fiber in loose connective tissueE.found in reticular lamina of basement membrane19.The granules of mast cells areA.not membrane-bounded B.coarse, acidophilicC.metachromaticD.never seen in any preparations of light microscopyE.water soluble20.Fat cells A.are most f

11、requently cells in loose connective tissueB.are mainly distributed in adipose tissueC.synthesize and store lipidD.have a centrally located and round nucleusE.none of the above 21.Which of the following are true of cartilage?A.Consists of cells, fibers and ground substanceB.The cells in cartilage are

12、 osteocytesC.No blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves in cartilage D.The ground substance is calcifiedE.None of the above22.Hyaline cartilage occurs at the A.external ear B.articular surface C.tracheaD.intervertebral discs E.symphysis pubis23.Fibrocartilage occurs at the A.external ear B.articular su

13、rface C.ventral ends of the ribsD.intervertebral discs E.symphysis pubis24.Passages of blood vessels in compact bone areA.Volkmanns canals B.central canals C.bone canaliculiD.bone lacunae E.cement lines25.Osteoprogenitor cells can divide and differentiate intoA.chondrocytes B.chondroblasts C.osteobl

14、asts D.osteoclasts E.osteocytes26.In bone resorption, osteoclasts releaseA.matrix vesiclesB.ATPaseC.hydroxyapatite crystalsD.several kinds of proteinases E.organic acids such as lactic acid, citric acid27.Which components belong to osteoid tissue?A.Collagenous fibers B.Osteocytes C.Osteoclasts D.Cal

15、cified ground substance E.Organic ground substance 28.Bone tissue may be classified according to its fine structure into two types. They areA.flat bone B.long bone C.spongy boneD.compact bone E.irregular bone 29.Which of the following statements are NOT related to osteoclasts?A.Giant cells with one

16、nucleusB.Cells with basophilic cytoplasmC.Cells possess the ruffled border D.Abundant mitochondria, lysosomes and phagocytic vacuolesE.A member of the mononuclear phagocyte system30.The bone collarA.occurs in the late stage of osteogenesisB.is formed around the middle part of the cartilage modelC.is

17、 formed by osteoprogenitor cells in the perichondiumD.is compact bone from beginningE.contains many osteons 31.The normal values about erythrocytes are A.(4.25.5)1012/L in man B.(3.56)1012/L in woman C.(23)1012/L in newborn infantsD.120150g/L of hemoglobin in manE.105135g/L of hemoglobin in man32.Re

18、peated hemorrhages in a normal person would most likely produceA.a decreased reticulocyte countB.an increased reticulocyte countC.an unchanged reticulocyte countD.an decreased hematocritE.an increased hematocrit33.Reticulocytes A.account for 0.5%1.5% of total blood erythrocytesB.contain ribosomal RN

19、A in cytoplasmC.have no organelles in cytoplasmD.are decreased in patients with anemiaE.never synthesize hemaglobin34.Which of the following are NOT true of lymphocytes in blood?A.Subdivided into small, medium- sized, and large lymphocytesB.Small lymphocytes are fewest in numberC.Some are long-lived

20、 and may live for yearsD.They are motile and migrate extensivelyE.Nucleus usually has 2 lobes35.Cells with no phagocytosis areA.red blood cellsB.neutrophilsC.monocytesD.eosinophilsE.lymphocytes36.The cells releasing phagocytins includeA.basophilsB.neutrophilsC.monocytesD.eosinophilsE.lymphocytes37.A

21、nemia means decrease ofA.RBCsB.WBCsC.plateletsD.HbE.plasma38.In a hypotonic solution, which of the following will occur?A.RBCs become colorless and form ghostsB.RBCs will be crenated in appearanceC.RBCs will undergo hemolysisD.RBCs become shrunk E.RBCs remain unchangedAnswers 1.AB2.AC3.AE4.CE 5.BD6.

22、AD7.BE8.BD 9.CD10.AD11.AC12.AC 13.BD14.CE 15.BC16.AB17.AE18.CE 19.CE20.BC21.AC22.BC23.DE24.AB 25.BC26.DE27.AE28.CD 29.AB30.BC31.AD32.BD33.AB 34.BE 35.AE36.BC37.AD38.AC雙項(xiàng)選擇題21.The features of muscular tissue are A.Composed of muscle cells and acellular matrixB.Containing blood vesselsC.Skeletal muscl

23、e is innervated D.Smooth muscle is not innervatedE.All 3 types of muscular tissue controlled by humans will2.The components of a triad of skeletal muscle fibers are A.transverse tubule B.longitudinal tubule C.terminal cisternae D.sarcoplasmic reticulumE.rough endoplasmic reticulum3.In H & E staining

24、 sections, cross striations can be seen in A.skeletal muscle fibers B.cardiac muscle fibersC.smooth muscle fibers D.collagen fibers E.elastic fibers4.The diad of human cardiac muscle isA.located at the A-I junctionB.located at the Z line C.resolvable with the LMD.two terminal cisternae sandwiching a

25、 single T tubuleE.the site where calcium ions are stimulated to be released 5.T tubules of cardiac muscle A.are more narrow than those of skeletal muscleB.are lined by a basal laminaC.conduct impulses for contraction into the cellsD.enter at the A-I junctionE.store calcium ions6.The sarcoplasmic ret

26、iculum of skeletal muscleA.consists of smooth-surfaced membraneB.is specialized RERC.courses mainly transverselyD.anastomoses frequentlyE.is located between two adjacent Z lines7.Myofibrils of skeletal muscle cellsA.are resolvable with the LM B.only can be seen under the EMC.are composed of myofiber

27、s D.contain myofilamentsE.are confined to the periphery of the cells8.Smooth muscle fibersA.are spindle in shapeB.are striated but not as distinct as in skeletal muscleC.have no myofilaments D.have elongated nucleus beneath the sarcolemmaE.are linked by gap junction 9.The sarcoplasm of smooth muscle

28、 fibers does NOT containA.intermediate filaments B.thin filamentsC.thick filaments D.T tubules E.triads10.Which of the following cells are multinucleated?A.OsteoblastsB.OcteoclastsC.NeutrophilsD.Skeletal muscle cellsE.Smooth muscle cells 11.The nervous tissue is made up ofA.nerve cells, or neuronsB.

29、extracellular fibersC.amorphous ground substanceD.neuroglial cellsE.tissue fluid12.Nissl bodies under the EM consist of A.RERB.SERC.free ribosomesD.mitochondriaE.lysosomes13.Which parts of a neuron do not contain Nissl bodies?A.PerikaryaB.DendritesC.AxonD.Axon hillockE.Cell body14.At synapsesA.the m

30、yelin sheath is absentB.the myelin sheath is still presentC.the intercellular space disappearsD.the presynaptic element is commonly an axon terminalE.the neurotransmitters usually flow from postsynaptic to presynaptic element15.Myelination of the nervous system is accomplished by A.astrocytesB.oligo

31、dendrocytesC.microgliaD.Schwann cells E.capsular cells16.The supporting cells of the spinal ganglia are A.capsular cellsB.microgliaC.oligodendrocytesD.neurolemma cellsE.astrocytes17.Neurons can be recognized in H & E preparation byA.round cell bodyB.large and pale stained nucleus with a prominent nu

32、cleolusC.many thin processesD.Nissl bodies in the cytoplasmE.neurofibrils in the cytoplasm18.Nuclei seen in H & E preparations of nerves belong mainly toA.nerve cellsB.microglial cellsC.fibroblastsD.Schwann cellsE.capsular cells19.Specific receptors for neurotransmitters are commonly located onA.pre

33、synaptic membraneB.postsynaptic membraneC.axolemmaD.plasmalemma of dendritic spinesE.nuclear membrane20.The PNS consists of A.cerebral cortexB.gangliaC.nervesD.spinal cordE.cerebellum 21.The fibrous tunic of the eyeball includesA.cornea B.retina C.choroidD.sclera E.iris22.Which of the following cont

34、ain pigments?A.Epidermis B.Retina C.CorneaD.Vitreous body E.Lens23.Sphincter and dilator of pupilA.are located in the ciliary bodyB.are located in the irisC.regulate the size of the pupilD.regulate the thickness of the lensE.are regulated by somatic motor nerves24.Functions of the ciliary body are t

35、oA.regulate the size of pupilB.regulate the thickness of lens C.synthesize protein to repair lens.D.synthesize protein to form ciliary zonulesE.receive lights25.Origin of the aqueous humor includesA.secretion of iris epitheliumB.secretion of ciliary epitheliumC.diffusion from capillaries of irisD.di

36、ffusion from capillaries of retinaE.diffusion from capillaries of ciliary body 26.Functions of the pigment epithelial cells of the retina do NOT include toA.absorb too much lightB.receive stimulation of weak light C.phagocytize shed membranous discsD.store vitamin AE.Store vitamin C27.Membranous dis

37、cs of the outer segment of the visual cellsA.are derived from Golgi complexB.are derived from mitochondriaC.are derived from SERD.are derived from cell membraneE.contain visual pigments28.The macula is a sensory epithelial membrane located in the A.ampullaeB.sacculeC.utricleD.cochlear ductE.tympanic

38、 cavity29.The hair cells of the spiral organA.are divided into inner and outer hair cellsB.are directly supported by pillar cells C.have a kinocilium and many stereociliaD.only have stereociliaE.only have kinocilia30.Which of the following contain the perilymph?A.Membranous semicircular canalsB.Cocl

39、ear ductsC.Scala vestibuliD.Scala tympaniE.Tympanic cavity 31.The dermis of skin include A.basal layer B.papillary layer C.spinous layerD.reticular layer E.granular layer32.The skin color is dependent on theA.presence of keratohyalin granulesB.presence of lamellated granulesC.presence and distributi

40、on of melanin granulesD.extent of vascularity in the epidermisE.distribution of capillaries in the dermis33.Keratin is hard proteins composed ofA.tonofilaments B.actin filaments C.keratohyalin granulesD.lamellated granulesE.polyribosomes34.The layers with acidophilic staining in epidermis areA.basal

41、 layer B.clear layer C.cornified layerD. granular layer E. spinous layer35.Cells of the stratum basale of the skinA.synthesize melanin B.cantain tonofilamentsC.contain ribosomesD.contain lamellated granules but not keratohyalin granules E.never undergo mitosis36.The distinctive features of the thick

42、 skin are thatA.it lacks sebaceous glands B.it lacks sweat glands C.it lacks hair D.it lacks stratum corneumE.the dermis is thick 37.The exocrine portion of the pancreas includes A.acini B.ducts C.islets of Langerhans D.A-cells E.B-cells38.The pancreatic acini A.are serousB.are mucousC.are mixedD.co

43、ntain centroacinar cells in the lumenE.produce insulin39.Which are NOT the features of the pancreatic islets?A.They are small clusters of endocrine cellsB.The cells stain pale on H & E sectionsC.Four types of cells can be found when observed on H & E sectionsD.They are surrounded by dense connective

44、 tissueE.There are many fenestrated capillaries in the islets40.Which of the following hormones have opposite functions? A.Somatostatin B.sulin C.Glucagon D.FSHE.TSH41.Failure of the B cells of the pancreas to produce hormones results inA.diabetes mellitusB.diabetes insipidisC.lowered blood glucose

45、levelD.elevated blood glucose levelE.unchanged blood glucose level42.Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the hepatocytes?A.Polygonal cells B.The cell has 1-2 spherical nuclei with prominent nucleoliC.The cell only has 3 surfacesD.The cell has acidophilic cytoplasm containing basophilic

46、 granulesE.There are some junctions between the hepatocyte and the endothelial cell43.The liver receives the blood supply from theA.hepatic arteryB.hepatic veinC.central vein D.inferior vena cava E.portal vein44.The bile isA.produced by epithelium of gallbladderB.secreted by hepatocytes C.produced b

47、y bile canaliculus D.drained by bile canaliculi to interlobular bile ductE.drained by bile canaliculi to central vein45.The portal area of the liver contains the A.bile canaliculus B.interlobular artery C.sublobular vein D.interlobular veinE.sinusoids46.Which of the following are features of the fat

48、-storing cells?A.Located in the bile canaliculiB.Easily found in the H&E sectionC.The number may be increased if an animal gets lot of Vitamin AD.The function is to store vitamin BE.They can produce fibers in the perisinusoidal space Answers 1.BC2.AC3.AB4.BE 5.BC6.AD7.AD8.AE 9.DE10.BD11.AD12.AC 13.C

49、D14.AD 15.BD16.AD17.BD18.CD 19.BD20.BC 21.AD22.AB 23.BC24.BD 25.BE26.BE27.DE28.BC 29.AD30.CD31.BD32.CE33.AC34.BC 35.BC36.AC37.AB38.AD39.CD40.BC 41.AD42.CE43.AE 44.BD 45.BD46.CE雙項(xiàng)選擇題31.The muscular arteries include the A.large arteryB.medium-sized arteryC.small artery and arterioleD.elastic arteryE.c

50、onducting artery2.The capillaries are composed of the A.endothelial cellsB.basal laminaC.reticular laminaD.smooth mnuscle cellsE.elastic membrane3.The continuous capillaries do NOT exist in the A.glomerulus of the kidneyB.lungC.muscular tissueD.nervous tissueE.liver lobules4.The fenestrated capillar

51、ies are present in the A.glomerulus of the kidneyB.mucosa of the small intestineC.spleenD.pituitary glandE.liver5.The most distinct features of the medium-sized artery areA.obvious internal elastic membrane B.thicker tunica intima C.thick tunica media composed of 10-40 layers of smooth muscle fibers

52、D.many fibroblasts in the tunica intimaE.the tunica adventitia is thicker than the tunica media6.All of following descriptions are true of the large artery EXCEPTA.it belongs to the elastic arteryB.it includes the aorta, the pulmonary trunk and their branchesC.there are a large number of fibroblasts

53、 in the tunica mediaD.it contains many layers of elastic membranes in the tunica mediaE.it is also called the distributing artery7.Which of the following are NOT histological features of the heart?A.The wall consists of 3 layers: endocardium, myocardium and epicardiumB.The endocardium consists of endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membraneC.some myocardial fibers contain small endocrine granulesD.th