(完整版)名詞性從句及狀語從句總結(完整版),推薦文檔

1、判斷句子類型。He looked unhappy at that time.My favourite sports are swimming and skating.I am very good at English. 4. I was so pleased to hear from you.I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.The time passed quickly.Great chan

2、ges have taken place in our hometown these years.The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

3、We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.Mr Wang taught us English last year.Tomorrow I ll write him a letter.They offered him a job, but he turned it down.On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.It took me two hours t

4、o finish my homework last night.I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.We are making our country more and more beautiful.When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon.I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.并列句一、并列

5、句概念兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構成的句子 ,叫做并列句 ,其基本結構是“簡單句 +并列連詞 +簡單句”。并列連詞有： and, but, or, so等.并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要， 相互之間沒有從屬關系， 是平行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結。如 :I like action movies but don't like thrillers.Hurry up or you'll be late. (快點，否則你要遲到了。)二、并列句的組成1.表并列關系的由 and, both.and, as well as, not only.but (also), nei

6、ther.nor等組成。She not only sings but also dances.He helps me and I help him他.幫我，我?guī)退?。He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不僅給我們出很多建議并且還幫助我學英語。Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily. 他不僅說得流利了，而且也更不費勁了。Neither did he leave nor did she get

7、 fired. 他沒有離開，她也沒被炒魷魚。2.表轉折關系的與 but, however(然而）， while(然而），still, yet 等連用。It never rains but it pours. 禍不單行。I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜歡喝茶而她喜歡喝咖啡。She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time她.說她會遲到，但她卻準時到達了。She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s. 她看上去很年輕 ,可是她已三十多歲了。此處，

8、還有副 still( 仍然），however(然而 )也表示轉折關系。He is good-natured, still I don't like him. 他脾氣很好 ,可是我還是不喜歡他。The book is expensive, however, it's worth it. 這本書很貴；卻很值。3.表選擇關系的 由 or, either.or.,not.but.,or else(否則）連接 otherwise(否則 )如：Hurry up, or (else) you ll be late. 快點，否則就會遲到了。Will he still be there or w

9、ill he have gone away?你那時還在那里還是可能已經走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早點走，否則就趕不上公共汽車了。Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.不是湯姆就是她的姐妹們要來。Take the chance,or else you will regret(后悔 ) it.Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你提升自己的工作，要么我辭掉你。4.表因果關系的與 for,so/s

10、o that,therefore(因此 ),because等連用。I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因為天氣太熱。The manager was ill so I went in her place.經理病了所以我代她去。I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.注意： since, because, as表因為時，連接的是原因狀語從句，而非并列句。從結構上說，英語連接詞分兩大類：并列連詞（ coordinating conjunctions）和從屬連詞（ subordinating con

11、junctions）。并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如：(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.從屬連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的分句，形成復雜句中的從屬分句。例如：(4) He said that he did not want to go .(5) Many things have ha

12、ppened since I last saw him.(6) You may come if you want to.從屬連詞分類大致可分為三大類：1、that （無詞義，不做成分） ，if ，whether （表達是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2、連接代詞： who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever （有詞義，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語）3、連接副詞： when，where，why ，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever， wherever （有詞義，作從句的狀語）復

13、合句首先，我們需要總體了解下復合句：從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等） 。主語從句用作主語，如：That the earth is round is true.地球為圓的是真實的。賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives?表語從句用作表語，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意

14、見是你不應單獨前往。同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞。如：The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圓的的事實是真實的。（ that從句用于解釋說明 the fact ）定語從句相當于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The student who answered the question was John.回答問題的學生是John.狀語從句相當于一個副詞，如：1. When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.天下雨時，我通常坐公共汽車上學。（時間狀語）2. If he comes tomorrow

15、, you will see him.如果他明天來，你就可以看見他。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規(guī)則是“主將從現 ”，即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現在時表示將來。（條件狀語從句，常用unless 除非， on condition. 在 條件下， provided 假如， but for 若非 ）3.The boy is so young that he can't go to school (這個 so that 引導的是結果狀語從句。4.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必須大聲說

16、話，才能讓所有人聽到你說話。 （目的狀語，可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that,in case 等詞引導。）5.Because/Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。 （原因狀語從句， 常用 because, since, as, for fear (恐怕 ), seeing that ( 既然 ) ， now that (=since), considering that (考慮到 ) 等引導。）6.Though/T

17、hough he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.雖然他已經精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 （讓步狀語從句， 引導的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although, as; evenif, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問詞，疑問詞 -ever.)7.Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。（地點狀語從句， 通常由 where,wherever 引導。）8 .As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不

18、開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。（方式狀語從句通常由 as, (just) asso, as if, as though 引導。）然后，我們再來詳細了解下復合句：（ 1）主語從句主語從句三要素：1、關聯(lián)詞不能省略2、謂語動詞用單數3、從句用陳述語序1 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2 構成：關聯(lián)詞 +簡單句3 引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) that。 如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2) whether（是否

19、）。如：Whether he ll come here isn他是tclear否會.來這里還不清楚。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcomed. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is

20、my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。解釋：1 主語從句能用 it 作形式上的主語。常以it 作形式主語的句型有：A. It+be+ 形容詞 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told h

21、er everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+名詞詞組 (no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 從句。如：It s a pity that we can很遺憾t我go們.不能去。It nos surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+過去分詞 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,

22、etc.)+that 從句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據說格林先生已經到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語 +that 從句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。It happened

23、that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesn t matter (makes no difference, etc連接.)+代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：It doesn t matter whether she will come ort. no她是否來這無關緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting我.們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。（ 2）表語從句1、關聯(lián)詞不能省略2、從句用陳述語序1 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2 構成：關聯(lián)詞 +簡單句3 引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞的種類：(

24、1) 叢屬連詞 that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。(2) 從屬連詞 whether, as, as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before他.看起來還與十年前一樣。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。注：從屬連詞 if 一般不用來引導表語從句，但 as if 卻可引導表語從句，如： All this was over twenty years

25、 ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。(3)連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她。The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morn

26、ing on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。(4)連詞 because可引導表語從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。（ 3）賓語從句1.從句用陳述語序1 定義：用作動詞或介詞的賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2 構成：關聯(lián)詞 +簡單句3 引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞 that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已經回來了。注： that 在引導賓語從句時也并

27、不是任何情況下都可以省略。 在以下情況下， that 不能省略。1 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句， that 放在 and 的后面時， that 不能省略。 )2I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時， that 不能省略。 )對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。3That he ever said such a thing I simply don 從tbelie

28、ve句位于.句(that首時， that 不可省略。 )我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。4 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for aprobationary period. 鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應允他一段試用期。語動詞與 that 從句之間有插入語， that 不可省略。 )(2)從屬連詞 if/whether 。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。I don t know if you can help me我.不知道

29、你能否幫助我。(主句謂(3)連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.I wonder what he s writing to me about我不.知道他要給我寫信說什么事。I walked over to wher

30、e she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.I ll tell you why I asked you to come我.會告訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。介詞賓語從句* It 作形式賓語1如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則用it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認為小王昨天沒來

31、是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會屈服。內疚嗎？* 某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句， 這類形容詞或過去分詞有 sure, glad,certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞 that 可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。I'm surpri

32、sed that I didn't see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒看到過。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。（ 4）同位語從句1、關聯(lián)詞不能省略2、從句用陳述語序1 定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark 等，(1) 關聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞 that。如：They were all very much

33、 worried over the fact that you were sick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether 引導。如：I have no idea whether he ll come我or不not知道.他是否來。(2) 連接代詞 who, whic

34、h, what 和連接副詞 where, when, why, how 亦可引導同位語從句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。解釋：1that 引導的同位語從句與定語從句之

35、區(qū)別同位語從句就是被修飾名詞的內容.定語從句起限定作用，是定語如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句， that 不可省。 )李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句， that 在從句中作 told 的賓語，可省。 )他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。（ 5）狀語從句一、概述狀語從句 (adverbial clause)在句中作狀語，可修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導。

36、狀語從句可放在句首或句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用逗號；放在句末時，從句前面往往不用逗號。When I came home ， my wife was cooking dinner.我回家時，妻子在做晚飯。Though he was poor ， he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。If you ask him,he will help you.如果你向他請求，他會幫助你。Since you ask , I will tell you.你既然問，我就告訴你。I can't tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。

37、He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time . 他不再試了， 其實他可能下一次就成功。二、引導狀語從句的連詞分類狀語從句根據它們的含義分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、讓步、條件、比較等九種。狀語從連詞句時間地點條件原因when, whenever, as, since, till,until,before, after, as soon as, once, the moment,immediately, the day, no sooner than, hardly(scarcely) when, the minu

38、te, the second,every(each) timeWhere, wherever, everywhereif, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that,in case, only if, if onlybecause, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鑒于 )讓步though, although, eve

39、n if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh 詞， for all that, granting/granted, whether or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that比較as as, not the same as, not so as, than方式as, as if(though) the way目的that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest

40、結果so that, so that, such that, but that三、時間狀語從句1、 引導時間狀語從句從屬常用連詞例析常用來引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有 :when( 當的時候 ) ， whenever( 每 當 ) ， after( 在之后 )， before( 在之前 )， as(當 ;一邊一邊 ) ， as soon as/hardly when/no sooner than(一就 )，while( 在期間 )，till/until( 直到 )，since(自從 )，once(一旦就 )。如果主句是一般將來時，在時間狀語從句中用一般現在時。Don t be afraid o

41、f asking for help when it is needed . 如果你需要時別不敢求援。Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especiallyas（當 .時）Father was away inFrance .媽媽很擔心，因為小愛麗絲病了，尤其是在爸爸遠在法國的這個時候。What have you been doing since I last saw you ? 自我上次和你見面以后，你在做什么？-What was the party like? 晚會怎么樣？-Wonderful. It's years si

42、nce I enjoyed myself so much.好極了。多年了我從未如此高興。Not until all the fish died in the riverdid the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的魚都死了村民們才意識到污染的嚴重性。-I'm going to the post office 我要到郵局去。-While you are there ， can you get me some stamps？你在那時，能給我買些郵票嗎？ Someone called me up in the mid

43、dle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer thetelephone. 有人半夜給我打電話，但是我還沒來得及接他們就掛斷了。He had no sooner got to the lab thanhe set out to do the experiment. 他一到實驗室就著手工作。I'll go to the cinema after I've finished the work. 完成作業(yè)后，我將去看電影。I'll give you a phone as soon as I come back

44、. 我一回來就給你打電話。I haven't heard from Tom since May . 自從五月份以來我就沒有收到湯姆的信。He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜。Come to see me whenever you like .不論何時，只要你高興就可以來見我。2、名詞詞組引導時間狀語從句有時名詞 every time( 每次 )，the next time( 下一次 )，the next day(第二天 ) ，the moment(一就 )， the instant, the second, the year 等，也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導時

45、間狀語從句。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？你記著還給瑪麗的欠款了嗎？Yes I gave it to her the moment I saw her是的。我一見到她就還給她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her . 我第一次見她就對她印象很好并認為她很誠實。Every time you get back at night , you drop your shoes on the floor. 你每一次晚上回來，都把鞋子丟在地板上。I didn&

46、#39;t have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次見你時，我身無分文。3、副詞作連詞用引導時間狀語從句有些副詞如 instantly, immediately ，instantly ，directly, presently 等也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導時間狀語從句，表示 "一就 " 的意思。I recognized her instantlyI saw her.我一看見她就把她認出來了。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年輕女士

47、一聽到響聲就沖進房間。Directl y the master came in, everyone was quiet.校長一進來，大家就安靜下來。四、地點狀語從句地 點 狀 語 從 句 一 般 由 where( 在 地 方 ; 那 里 ) ， wherever( 無 論 哪 里 ) 和everywhere(在每一個地方 ) 引導。After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre . 戰(zhàn)后，一所新學校在以前的劇院處建成。 You should make it a rule to

48、 leave things where you can find them again . 你應當養(yǎng)成慣例，將東西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it . 他在她丟的地方找到了計算器。 Everywhere they went , the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。Sit wherever you like .請隨便坐。You can take it with you wherever you go .不論走到什么地方，你都可隨身攜帶它。

49、注意： where 除了表示地點外，還可以表示條件、對比和讓步。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 （條件）We want to stay at home,where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假。（對比）Wherever I went, the dog followed me.無論我走到哪里，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步）五、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句一般由because(因為 )， since(既然 )， as(由于 )，

50、now that( 既然，因為引導1、 because, since, as, for和 now that 引導原因狀語從句)等連詞（1） because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的語氣最強，常表示必然的因果關系?；卮鹨砸鸬奶厥庖蓡柧?，只能用because。whyJane wore a raincoat because it was raining .因為天下雨，所以詹穿著雨衣。He is absent today because he is ill .他今天缺課，因為他病了。（2） since表示對方已經知曉、無須加以說明的原因或事實，語氣比because稍弱。I'll do

51、it for yousince you are busy .既然你忙，我來替你做吧。Since you insist , I'll go. 既然你堅持，那我就去。Since you have seen both fighters , who do you think will win? 既然兩個拳擊手你都見了， 你認為誰會贏？（ 3） as表示的往往是十分明顯的原因， 聽者或讀者已經知道或能看得出來， 語氣較弱， 只附帶說明，比較口語化。We had better hurry as it's getting dark.因為天快要黑了，我們最好快點。As you object ,

52、 I'll change the plan. 由于你反對，我將改變計劃。As it is raining, I'll not go out.因為正在下雨，我就不出去了。（ 4） now that意為“既然” ，與 since 同義，但更突出事實本身。Now that you ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了機會，你要充分利用它。Now that everyone is here, Now that I am well againlet's begin our meeting. 既然

53、大家都來了，我們就開始開會吧。, I can go on with my work. 我既然恢復了健康，那就可以繼續(xù)工作了。2、 seeing that, considering that 和 in that 引導原因狀語從句這幾個連詞同since, as 近義，都有“鑒于某個事實，原因”是之意。Considering that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. 鑒于他只學了一年，他英語講得就是很好。Seeing that he was ill , they sent for the doctor. 鑒于他病情嚴重，他們派人請醫(yī)生。In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it. 因為病了，她覺得不能做那件事。3、 not that