中國(guó)文化英語(yǔ)教程Unit 10

1、 Unit 10 The Great Wallp Lead-inp Text studyp ExercisesContentLead-in Do you know the New Seven Wonders of the World? What are they?Lead-inThe Great Wall of China（長(zhǎng)城（長(zhǎng)城）Lead-inPetra, Jordan（約旦佩特拉古城）（約旦佩特拉古城）Lead-inChrist Redeemer, Brazil（巴西基督像（巴西基督像）Lead-inMachu Picchu, Peru（秘魯馬丘比丘遺址（秘魯馬丘比丘遺址 ）Lead-

2、inChichen Itza, Mexico （墨西哥（墨西哥奇琴伊察奇琴伊察）Lead-inThe Roman Colosseum, Italy （意大利古羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)意大利古羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)）Lead-inTaj Mahal（印度泰姬陵印度泰姬陵）p Introductionp Aspiration for Peacep Separation and Integrationp Spirit of the Great WallText studyp Wonder of the Great WallIntroduction Through more than 2,000 years from the

3、seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, 19 dynasties built parts of the Great Wall, adding up to over 100,000 kilometers.Introduction The Great Wall of today is mainly the legacy of the Ming-dynasty renovations. Three major renovations (修復(fù)修復(fù)) of the Great Wall took place in the Qin (221-206 BC),

4、Han (206 BC-AD 220), and Ming dynasties. Introduction With many gaps along the Wall, the 600-kilometer-long section in the northern outskirts (市郊) of Beijing is the best preserved. It meanders (蜿蜒) for 6,700 kilometers from Jiayu Pass in the western desert to Shanhai Pass on the eastern seashore. As

5、piration for PeaceThe Great Wall is unparalleled in the world in: Scale Span of construction Great quantities of labor Degree of difficultyAspiration for PeaceWhy did the Chinese build the Great Wall?During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in this project.

6、There must be a reason for this ancient nation to build such a wall over a time span of more than 2,000 years. Military defense in the age of cold steel Protection for the southerners from being attacked by the northernersAspiration for PeaceMilitary defense in the age of cold steel The earliest par

7、ts of the Great Wall were built amid incessant wars. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches (深溝).Aspiration for Peace“北筑長(zhǎng)城而守藩籬，卻匈奴七百余里，胡人不敢南下而牧馬。” 新書過秦“建塞徼、起亭燧、筑外城，設(shè)屯戍以守之，然后邊境得用少安?！?漢書匈奴傳“筑長(zhǎng)城，自

8、代并陰山下，至高闕為塞” 史記匈奴列傳We can see the military defense of the Great Wall from the following sentences: Aspiration for PeaceProtection for the southerners from being attacked by the northerners The Great Wall prevented northern peoples on horseback from attacking people in the south who were mostly engag

9、ed in farming. It provided the cultivators with a sense of security as well as actual protection, so they could till their lands and harvest their crops in peace.Aspiration for Peace“大興師征之，則遁逃伏慝，不可得而誅也；師還則寇鈔又起； 留卒戍守，則勞費(fèi)不資，故惟有筑長(zhǎng)城以防之?！薄叭粍t長(zhǎng)城之筑，所以省戍役，防寇鈔，休兵而息民者也。”We can see the protection of the Great W

10、all from the following sentences: Separation and Integration長(zhǎng)城敵樓長(zhǎng)城敵樓An observation and defense tower on the Great WallSeparation and IntegrationThe geographic structure and climatic patterns of China has led to the development of two distinct cultures from ancient times. The south, with arable (可耕的)

11、 land and a warm climate, was suited for agriculture. The north, with pastoral (畜牧的) land and a cold climate, was suited for animal husbandry (飼養(yǎng)業(yè)).Separation and Integration The limited and unstable output of animal husbandry made it necessary for the northern peoples to depend on the agricultural

12、goods of the southern peoples. Historically, invasions of the south by nomadic (游牧的) peoples of the north were often more out of necessity than the desire for expansion. Separation and IntegrationThe Great Wall provided an effective defense line. The Wall protected the agricultural economy and advan

13、ced the mode of production in the south. At the same time, it forced the northern peoples to give up plundering (掠奪) the south and to develop their own civilization.Separation and Integration The great significance of the Great Wall in the development of Chinese civilization：“Seen from today, if it

14、had not been for the protection of the Great Wall, Chinese civilization would have been interrupted by the northern peoples in the late Qin or early Han dynasties, long before the Song and Ming dynasties. In that case, there would not have been the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties, or the in

15、tegration of southern and northern peoples.” Sun Yat-senSeparation and IntegrationThe Great Wall as a new economic structure： In time, economic zones came into being along the Great Wall, especially at its several dozen passes, where people from both sides carried out economic and cultural exchanges

16、.For a long time in history, the agricultural economy in the south and the pastoral economy in the north complemented and depended on each other through such exchanges. Spirit of the Great Wall慕田峪長(zhǎng)城一段慕田峪長(zhǎng)城一段Part of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, in the northern suburbsof BeijingSpirit of th

17、e Great Wall The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyond imagination. Numerous people had to leave their homes and families to go north, where they toiled for years. Many lost their lives on the worksites, over a period of more than 2,000 years.Spirit of the Great Wall The Legend of

18、 Lady MengjiangSpirit of the Great WallThe heartbroken Lady Mengjiang cried for three days and nights until the Great Wall collapsed one section after another.Spirit of the Great Wall The Great Wall has become a symbol of consolidation and strength for the Chinese people. It symbolizes that great ac

19、hievement can be made with a common will and concerted effort. Spirit of the Great Wall The national anthem, composed during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945), called on the people to “build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood”.Can you cite an example of the spiri

20、t of the Great Wall?Wonder of the Great WallHave you ever been to the Great Wall? What is your impression?Wonder of the Great Wall清平樂清平樂六盤山六盤山 天高云淡，天高云淡， 望斷南飛雁。望斷南飛雁。 不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢，不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢，屈指行程二萬(wàn)。屈指行程二萬(wàn)。 六盤山上高峰，六盤山上高峰，紅旗漫卷西風(fēng)。紅旗漫卷西風(fēng)。今日長(zhǎng)纓在手，今日長(zhǎng)纓在手， 何時(shí)縛住蒼龍？何時(shí)縛住蒼龍？ 毛澤東毛澤東Wonder of the Great Wall The Simatai s

21、ection built near Beijing in the Ming Dynasty best represents the undulating (起伏的) and thythmic flow of the Great Wall. As a popular saying has it, Simatai epitomizes (代表) the wonder of the Great Wall for being the most precipitous (陡峻的) part of it.Word tipsThe Simatai section：司馬臺(tái)長(zhǎng)城司馬臺(tái)長(zhǎng)城獨(dú)具獨(dú)具“險(xiǎn)、密、奇、巧

22、、全險(xiǎn)、密、奇、巧、全”五大特點(diǎn)，位于北京市密云縣東北部五大特點(diǎn)，位于北京市密云縣東北部的古北口鎮(zhèn)，是我國(guó)唯一保留明代原貌的古建筑遺址。的古北口鎮(zhèn)，是我國(guó)唯一保留明代原貌的古建筑遺址。Wonder of the Great Wall 司馬臺(tái)長(zhǎng)城 A precipitous part of the Simatai section of the Great WallWonder of the Great WallWonder of the Great WallWonder of the Great WallWonder of the Great Wall The most breathtaking

23、 parts of the Simatai section are called Cloud Ladder and Heavenly Bridge. The Cloud Ladder is much narrower than the normal width of the Wall (three-to-five meters on average), the narrowest part being only half a meter wide. Up at the top of the Cloud Ladder, one comes to the Heavenly Bridge, the

24、100-meter-long narrow belt of wall on the mountain ridge, with deep valleys on either side.Wonder of the Great Wall The highest point of the Simatai section is Wangjing Tower (望京樓), at an altitude of 986 meters. From here, one can capture a panoramic (全景的) overview of the Great Wall stretching and w

25、inding into the east and west.Exercisesp Comprehensionp Communicationp ApplicationComprehensionI. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage._ 1) The construction of the Great Wall took more than

26、2,000 years and involved 19 states._ 2) The driving force for building the Great Wall is to protect lives and peace from wars._ 3) In history, the northern peoples were mostly engaged in farming.FTFComprehension_ 4) The Great Wall provided an effective shelter for the southern troops against the nor

27、thern cavalry._5) The Great Wall posed a barrier to the communication between the north and the south._6) The spirit of the Great Wall is that of “a common will and concerted effort”.TTTComprehension_7) Blockhouses, garrison towns, passes built at strategic points, and beacon towers are mentioned to

28、 show the magnificence and variety of the Great Wall._8) Wangjing Tower is one of the best places to appreciate the beauty of Beijing City.TFComprehensionII. Careful Reading1. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions briefly.1) How long is the Great Wall at present?2) In which r

29、espects is the Great Wall unparalleled? The Great Wall is as long as 6,700 kilometers.The Great Wall is unparalleled in its scale and span of construction, as well as in the great quantities of labor and the degree of difficulty involved.Comprehension3) What are Sun Yat-sens quotations used to demon

30、strate in Paragraph 8? Sun Yat-sens quotations are used in the text to illustrate the great significance of the Great Wall in the development of Chinese civilization.Comprehension5) What does the Legend of Lady Mengjiang symboliz?The Legend of Lady Mengjiang symbolizes the sufferings of the people d

31、ue to the construction of the Great Wall and their hatred for the tyrannical First Emperor of Qin. 4) What does “a new economic structure” refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph 9?“A new economic structure” in the last sentence of Paragraph 9 probably refers to the enhancing of agricultural econ

32、omy in the south and the pastoral economy in the north, and the exchange between the two.Comprehension2. Read Paragraph 5 and fill in the following table.ComprehensionKey：Comprehension3. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage.1) 眾志成城。Efforts joined by many can build the Great Wall.2) 把我們的血肉，筑成我們新的長(zhǎng)城。Build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood.Comprehension3) 由今觀之，倘無(wú)長(zhǎng)城之捍衛(wèi)，則中國(guó)亡于北狄，不待宋明而在楚漢時(shí)代 矣。如是則中國(guó)民