核能利弊 中英文

1、核能在新能源中的地位和作用 The role of nuclear energy in new energies 核能主要用于軍事武器，核電和提供動力。 Nuclear energy is mainly used for making military weapons, producing nuclear power and providing power. 人們看好核能是因為傳統(tǒng)化石能源儲量有限， 現(xiàn)在世界人口超過 60 億， 19 世紀(jì)增加 比 了兩倍多，能源消費增加了 16 倍，能源消費也不斷增加，按照目前消費水平：石油還能夠 用 46 年，天然氣還能夠用 65 年，而煤炭也只夠用 20

2、0 多年。而相對應(yīng)的可再生資源，像水 力，風(fēng)能，潮汐能和太陽能，又因規(guī)模受到環(huán)境，季節(jié)，地理環(huán)境等條件的限制，而且現(xiàn)在 的開發(fā)技術(shù)不足，很難得到充分利用。核能因為在地球中儲量豐富，像海水中氘，有兩千多 億頓，可用上千億年，礦石中的鈾能用 2000 多年。而且所釋放的能量比全世界所有能量綜 合還要大上千萬倍，被稱為“無窮的能源” 。 Because of the limitation of traditional fossil energy reserves, people pay great attention to nuclear energy. Now there are over 6 b

3、illion people in the world, which is more than three times of that in the 19th century. And there are more than 16-fold increase in energy consumption. According to the current consumption level, the oil will be used up in 46 years, natural gas will be used up in 65 years, and the coal is only enoug

4、h for over 200 years. However, it is difficult to make full utilization of the corresponding renewable resources such as hydro, wind, tidal and solar energy in that the scales of them are limited by environmental, seasonal, and geographical conditions. Besides, the lack of development technology is

5、also a problem. Nuclear energy is abundant in the Earth, for example, there are over two hundred billion tons of deuterium in sea water. It could be used for hundreds of billions of years if its great changes can be controlled. Uranium in ores can be used for more than 2,000 years. And the energies

6、they release are million times of that of the integration of all world's energy, which is known as the "infinite energy." 下圖是非污染能源的結(jié)構(gòu)比例，其中核能占絕大部分，占百分之 70，因此核能也被稱 為最安全最清潔，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最高的電力資源。不過核能也是一把雙刃劍。我們不會忘記發(fā)生 在不久前的日本福島核電站危機(jī)。不過看看下圖“公眾的電離輻射照射量”我們發(fā)現(xiàn)核電站 還是非常安全的，不會對人體造成任何威脅。 The following diagram

7、 shows the structure proportion of non-polluting energies, in which nuclear energy accounts for most of it, namely 70 percent, so it is also called the most secure, cleanest, most cost-effective power resources. But nuclear energy is a double-edged sword. We will not forget the recent nuclear power

8、plant crisis happened in Fukushima. However, through the diagram of "public exposure t o ionizing radiation" we find that nuclear power plant is still very safe and does not pose any threat to humans. 這張圖是加拿大皮克靈核電站，并沒有人們想象的那么恐怖。相反核電站不遠(yuǎn)處就是一 個游艇碼頭。這張圖是中國的大亞灣核電站，夜景美麗而輝煌。這是日本的美濱核電站，距 離不遠(yuǎn)處就是一個人

9、頭涌動海水浴場。 This is Canada's Pickering nuclear power plant, not as terrible as people imagined. On the contrary a marina is nearby. This is China's Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. The night is beautiful and brilliant. This is Japan's Mihama nuclear power station, not far from a beach where

10、there are many visitors. 我們總結(jié)核電站的利弊： 核能優(yōu)點： 1.核能發(fā)電不造成空氣污染，不產(chǎn)生加重地球溫室效應(yīng)的二氧化碳。 2.核燃料體積小，運輸與儲存方便. 3.核能發(fā)電的成本中，燃料費用所占的比例較低. 核能缺點： 1.核能電廠會產(chǎn)生放射性廢料。 2.核能發(fā)電廠熱效率較低，熱污染較嚴(yán)重。 3.核能電廠投資成本太大，電力公司的財務(wù)風(fēng)險較高。 4.核能電廠選址受環(huán)境影響較大。 5.核電廠如果在事故中釋放到外界環(huán)境，會對生態(tài)及民眾造成傷害。 這是美國 1951 年美國第一座發(fā)電核反應(yīng)堆。英，法，蘇聯(lián)和我國隨后建立了一批核 電站。 Lets summarize the p

11、ros and cons of nuclear power stations: Advantages of nuclear energy: 1. Nuclear power does not cause air pollution and does not produce carbon dioxide which aggravates global warming. 2. Nuclear fuel has small size so it is easy for transportation and storage. 3. Fuel costs accounts for a lower pro

12、portion in the cost of nuclear power generation, Disadvantages of nuclear energy: 1. Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste. 2. Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and bad heat pollution. 3. Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost, the power company has higher financ

13、ial risk. 4. The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by environment. 5. The release into the external environment because of the accident will damage the ecology and people. This is the first nuclear reactors of U.S generation in 1951. Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China subsequently established a number of nuclear power plants. 這是當(dāng)前世界的能源結(jié)構(gòu)：我們能夠發(fā)