小學英語代詞專題

1、代詞代詞是代替人、動物或事物等名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英 語中的代詞。按其意義、特征及在句子中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞、關系代詞和連接代詞9種。人稱代詞：人稱代詞是表示我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們、它們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表:單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit注意：人稱代詞同時出現(xiàn)時，在單數(shù)情況下，順序通常為：第二人稱，第三人稱，最后是 第一人稱；復數(shù)情況下為：第一人稱，第二人稱，第三人稱

2、。You,she and I are the same age.你、我、她同齡。We, you and they are all from Sichuan.但是，當敘述一件不好的事情，或為做錯的是道歉是，通常把第一人稱放在最前面。如：I, you and she made the teacher angry. Let's do it again.代詞it: 1、代指動物、植物、物品以及事情等無生命物體的單數(shù)形式；2、代指性別不清楚（嬰兒）、身份不明的單數(shù)的人；3、代指天氣、時間、距離等概念，作主語。小練習：根據漢語或語境填寫適當?shù)娜朔Q代詞。1. am a teacher. And al

3、l the students like.（我）2. often plays basketball after school. I often watch （他）3. （我們）buy a pair of shoes for （她）.4. -Our name are Sam and Tom. are twins.-Do you want to make friends with .5. -How is the weather today?- is sunny, but a little cold.物主代詞：物主代詞是表示所有關系的代詞，也就是指某物或者某人是屬于誰的關系，又 可以叫做代詞所有格。物

4、主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有性別的區(qū)分， 有人稱和數(shù)的變化，并與他們的人稱代詞一一對應。數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)人稱一一二一一二形容詞性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs名詞性物主代詞的句法功能：1、作主語，如： May I use your pen? Yours works better.2、作動詞賓語，如：My pen is lost. Can I use yours?3、作介詞賓語，如：My pen is lost. Can I write a letter with yours?4

5、,作主語補語，如：The life I have is yours.名詞性物主代詞與of屬格連用a photo of me （J雖調照片里的人是我）a photo of mine （強調照片是屬于我的，沒說明照片里的人是誰）小練習：根據提示和語境填入適當?shù)奈镏鞔~或人稱代詞。1 . （他的）coat is black, but （她的）is red.2 .whose wallet is this ? It's（我的）.It's （我的）wallet.3.I'm s new is Hellen.4 .-Are these（你們的）skateboa

6、rds?-Yes,they are（我們的）5 .Nancy is my cousin. eyes are big.6 .Look, this is his book. （我的）is as new as his.7 .Can show book?（你能把你的書借名&我看一下么？）8 .This is not （I）shirt. It's （he）.9 . are listening to the radio. Don't talk to（他們）.10 .（我們）will buy a pair of shoes for（他）.指本代詞：指示代詞表示那個that、這個thi

7、s、那些those這些these等概念的代詞。代指1、作主語，如：2、作動詞賓語，如3、作介詞賓語，如4、作主語補語，如 5、作限定詞，如：人或事物。指示代詞的句法功能:This is the way to do it.I like this better than that.I don't say no to do that.My point is this.This girl is our new classmate.指示代詞作主語時可以指物也可以指人，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人。如:That is my teacher.He is going to marry this

8、 girl.I bought this.小練習：1 .-What are in English?-They're basketballs.A. this B. these C. they2 .-Hello! Is Miss Green speaking?-No, is Cindy speaking.A. that, that B. you, I C. that, this3 .That is not a tall tree.帔為復數(shù)句）4 .Is this your hat?帔為復數(shù)句）5 .These blue pencils are mine改為單數(shù)句）6 .What color

9、are those fish?改為單數(shù)句）反身代詞：表示我自己，你自己,他自己，我們自己，你們自己他們自己等的詞叫做反身代詞。1反身代詞第一，二人稱構成是由形容詞性物主代詞加”-self"（復數(shù)加-selves）構成。第三人稱反身代詞是由人稱代詞賓格形式加-self （復數(shù)加-selves）構成。單數(shù)復數(shù)A人稱myselfOurselves第二人稱yourselfYourselves第三人稱himselfthemselvesherselfitself不定人稱oneself反身代詞的用法:1.主語和定語為同一人時，用反身代詞。2、表強調語氣時，用反身代詞。3、反身代詞常用于某些詞組。H

10、elp oneself to隨便吃/喝 些小練習：Your should take care of yourself.I myself can do it.enjoy oneself過得很愉快by oneself單獨 獨自learn sth. by oneself 自學1 .was a doctor.（他本人就是一位醫(yī)生 ）2 . is too young to look after .（她年紀太小，不能照顧自己。）3 . We at the party last Sunday.A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoyed ourself4

11、 .Let Tony do it by . He is no longer a kid.（他不再是小孩子）A. him B. hisC. himself5 .You are twelve now. must look after .A. You, yourself B. Your, yourself C. You, your6 .She and her mother enjoyed at the party.A. herself B. them C. themselves疑問代詞：疑問代詞在句子中用來構成特殊疑問句，主要用于詢問何人、何物、什么。常用的疑問代詞 有： who, whose, w

12、hich, what.1 .who只能用于對人的提問，意為：誰。Who is on duty today?Who knows the girl in red?2 .whose也用于對人的提問，詢問所有關系，意為:誰的。Whose book is this?Whose pencil are those in the pencil-case?3 .which可用于對人、事、物的提問，意為：哪一個。Which one is your brother?Which one do you like best, an apple, a banana or an orange?4 .what可用于對事或物的提

13、問，意為：什么。What are you doing?What day is it today?5 .when可用于對時間的提問，意為：什么時候When do you go to the park?Practice一用適當疑問代詞填空：1.15 your math teacher?1.16 bject is he talking?3 .went to see the headmaster of the school yesterday?4 . For did he buy a ticket?5 .do you prefer, rice of bread?二把下列句子譯成英語：1 .這是誰的自行

14、車？2 .哪一支鉛筆是你的，藍的還是紅的？六、不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all, both, each, every,some, any, many, much, （a）few, （a）little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none 以及 含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代詞（如： anybody, something, no onR。這些不定代詞大都可 以代替名詞和形容詞，在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。但none和由some, any, no, every th

15、ing, -body, -one構成的復合不定代詞（如somebody等）只能作主語、賓語和表語；而every 和no只能祚定語。不定代詞的形式:不定代詞詞義復合形式說明some一些（可數(shù)或不 可數(shù)）something 某物、某事 someone 某人 somebody 某人一般用于肯定句any一些，任何（可 數(shù)或不可數(shù)）anything任何事物 anyone任何人 anybody任何人一般用于否定句，疑問句或條件狀 語從句中no沒有，無nothing 無物 nobody無人 no one無一人修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，復合形式 只具有名詞的作用every每個，所有的everything 每一個事

16、物，一切 everyone 每人 everybody 人人強調共性，詞義和 all相近all全體、所有的這里表不這里表不代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞時，指兩個以 上的人或物，也可代替或修飾不可 數(shù)名詞。each每個這里表不這里表不強調個性，指兩個或兩個以上的人 或物。few很少（可數(shù)）這里表不這里表不表不否定a few一些，幾個（可 數(shù)）這里表不這里表不表示肯定little很少（不可數(shù)）這里表不這里表不表不否定a little一些（不可數(shù)）這里表不這里表不表示肯定many很多（可數(shù)）這里表不這里表不much很多（不可數(shù)）這里表不這里表不both兩個，兩者都這里表不這里表不僅指兩個人或物neither沒有

17、人或物這里表不這里表不僅指兩個人或物none沒有人或物這里表不這里表不指兩個以上的人或物，當指可數(shù)名 詞時，謂語動詞用單、復數(shù)都可以。either每個這里表不這里表不強調個性，指兩個或兩個以上的人 或物。other(s)另一個（些）這里表不這里表不another另外一個，又一這里去示這里去示相當于 an other個one一個（人或物）這里表不這里表不one的復數(shù)形式是 ones不定代詞的用法:1 .不定代詞可作主語，當作主語時，要明確這一不定代詞究竟是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，以確定它和謂語動詞在 人和數(shù)的一致。2 .不定代詞還可作定語，當作定語時，應該注意其所修飾的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，以確定這個名詞

18、用 單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。例 1 We should learn to get on well with .A.otherB.othersC.the otherD.the others答案：B提示：other泛指另外的，其他的，后面一般接名詞，the other特指兩者中的另一個（單數(shù)），the others特指在某個范圍中的其他人或物（復數(shù)），others泛指其他人或物（復數(shù)）。本句意思與別人友好相處是泛指。例 2 Would you like some coffee? Yes, just .A.a littleB.littleC.a fewD.few答案：A提示：a little與little修飾

19、不可數(shù)名詞，前者是有肯定的含義而后者有否定的含義。a few與few修飾可數(shù)名詞，前者有肯定的含義，而后者有否定的含 義。在句中coffee是不可數(shù)名詞，答句中是肯定的意思。另外如果有 just 或only修飾只能用 a little或a few。例 3 of the students passed the exam. They all failed .A.NeitherB.NoneC.BothD.All答案： B提示： none與all用于三者以上的復數(shù)，none為否定，all為肯定。both與neither用于兩者，both為肯定，neither為否定，原句中 They all faile

20、d暗示說明 沒有一個人通過，要用none表示否定。例 4 Let Lin Tao do it by , He is no longer a kid .A. himB. hisC. himself答案：C提示：本題是反身代詞的用法，句中的 by是介詞，后面接人的代詞的賓格或名詞性物主代詞，或反身代詞，作它的賓格。by oneself是固定搭配強調“獨 立、單獨”。例 5 -Why don t we take a little break-Didn ' t we just have?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this答案：C提示：one替代上文中的 a little break。例

21、 6 leaves the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.A.AnyoneB.The personC.WhoeverD.Who答案：C提木：Whoever 相當于 anyone who (the person who)復習時需要注意的要點(1) some和any的用法some常用于肯定句，any常用于疑問句、否定句及條件狀語從句。但在表示請求、建議、反問的疑 問句里，則用some。例如：1) Would you like some coffee or some tea?2) If you have questions, you can

22、come any time.(2) all指物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，在語法上是單數(shù)，而在概念上是復數(shù)。指人時，一般作復數(shù)。例如：1) All is not gold that glitters.2) All are here.(3) each和every都是單數(shù)概念，但 every只能作形容詞；each可以作代詞和形容詞。例如：1) Each of us has got a new book.2) Every student is doing his best at school.(4) one, the other, another, others和 the other 的用法總共只有兩個人或

23、兩樣東西時，其中的一個是one,另一個是the other。例如：1) I have two uncles, one is a teacher, the other is an engineer.總共有兩個以上的人或事物，其中的第一個為one,其他的兩個或兩個以上為the others。例如：1) There are only ten boy students in Class One. The others are girl students.第三節(jié)鞏固練習I.選擇1will spend the winter holiday in Hanna （ 海南 ） Island.A He, you

24、and IB He, I and youC You, he and ID I, you and heMy parents bought a new schoolbag for .A themB theirsC meD theyWith my parents away from home. I have to cook meals.A for meB for myselfC meD myselfDon and I found lying on ground when we work up.A themselvesC them5 Who s ? is speaking, Mr. Wang.A th

25、is ThisCthat ThisB ourselvesDusB that ThatD this That6 Lam is often compared to Taiwanese singer Jay Chou because both write own songs and are developing R&B style.A.their theirB.their theyC.they theirD.they they7. I don t think this is a good suggestion. Have you any ones?A. another B. otherC.

26、the otherD. others8. How Greek do you know? I am sorry. I know about it. It s too difficult.A. many few B. much little9. It s s_e_tualking without doing.A. not B. no C. noneC. many a few D. much littleD. no one10. Her brothers and sisters are college students in Shanghai.A. allB. both C. neither D.

27、either11. Which of these two bicycles do you like the red one or the black one ? I like of them.A. some B. eitherC. allD. any12. He swims faster than boy in his class.A. any B. the other C. all the other D. any other13. people in Shanghai go swimming in freezing weather.A. Few B. A few C. LittleD. A

28、 little14. I don t think of the answers is correct.A. neither B. eitherC. bothD. all15. Only Li Ming and Wang Ping stayed at school for the wall newspaper. Where are ?A. allB. the other C. othersD. the others16. of us is working hard to make our country richer and stronger.A. Each B. EveryC. Everyon

29、e D. Every one17. We need color chalk. Have you got ?A. some some B. some any C. any any D. any some18. If you don ' t want of those two trains, there is one at 10:30.A. any another B. either anotherC. both the other D. either another 19. Has lost this watch?Yes, but we can ' t find out who.

30、A. anybody B. someoneC. oneD. some20.of them are famous doctors, but of them has been to Britain.A. Both both B. Neither neither C. Either either D. Both netherII.把下列句子譯成英語(選用括號內的不定代詞)1 .你昨晚吃得多嗎？(much, many)2 .假如有人打電話來，告訴他，我不在。(anyone, someone)3 .我姐姐給我兩張照片，一張是長城，另一張是上海浦東新區(qū)。(another, the other)4 .他們都

31、來會議室，沒一個遲到。 (neither, none)5 .這個機器人展覽會太精彩了，每個機器人都是學生們做的。(each, every)6 .這兩部電影沒一部是有趣的，它們都很乏味。(either, neither)7 .李奶奶沒有米了，讓我們給她買些。 (little, a little, some, any)8 .你想要吃些蛋糕嗎？(some, any)III.改正下列句子中的錯誤1. All pupil was asked to write down his name on the book.2. The fish was so delicious. I had many fish.3. There are five new ball pens over there. Please g