賓語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 賓語(yǔ)從句的用法:一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義： 在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。（每年中招考試單選題第15題必是賓語(yǔ)從句）二、 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，即“連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，而不是疑問(wèn)句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?() Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語(yǔ)序不變。 Eg. She said, “I will leave a message o

2、n the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語(yǔ)序。 Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are.1） 連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。連接詞謂語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎？The small children

3、 dont know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2） 連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。連接詞名詞謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。連接詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：who

4、（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢(qián)嗎？4）連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。 連接詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class

5、 he is in ？你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。三連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，只起連接作用，在從句中不作成分，也無(wú)詞義，常被省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that在下列情況

6、下一般不省略（八種賓語(yǔ)從句不省略that ） 1. 賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ) 。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。 2. 有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。 3. that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句之后。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it. 他

7、說(shuō)那本書(shū)很有趣，所有小孩都喜歡讀。 4. 在“it(形式賓語(yǔ))+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”之后時(shí)。 I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。 5. that從句單獨(dú)回答問(wèn)題時(shí)。 What did he hear? 他聽(tīng)說(shuō)了什么事？ That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽(tīng)說(shuō))凱特考試及格了。 6.在except等介詞后。 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒(méi)有什么特別的毛病。 7. 位于句首時(shí)。 That our

8、 team will win, I believe. 我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。 8. 在較為正式或不常用的動(dòng)詞(如reply, object)后。 He replied that he disagreed. 他回答說(shuō)他不同意。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（ifor

9、 not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in

10、whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to

11、go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell

12、me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開(kāi)會(huì)遲到嗎？3、 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過(guò)去時(shí)

13、態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如： The children didnt know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。 He asked his father how it happened他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。四、其他需要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題：1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào)；是疑問(wèn)句則用問(wèn)號(hào)。

14、eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2、要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。3、賓語(yǔ)從句的附加疑問(wèn)句 賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句在變成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 think, guess, believe, suppose 等且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，附加部分要由從句決定；如果主句不是 think 等上述動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是這些詞且主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí)，附加部分由主句決定。 I think that he is right, isnt he? I dont believe he

15、is a student, is he? He supposes that she will come tonight, doesnt he? He never said he was a good student, did he?五、 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分： eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived.句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dont know的賓

16、語(yǔ)。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。判斷方法：1、可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外），賓語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。3、從時(shí)態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句要注意：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將

17、來(lái)。 Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了，我將告訴你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他會(huì)來(lái)的。【重難點(diǎn)例題啟發(fā)與方法總結(jié)】（1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./【解析】答案：Dhope 后面應(yīng)該接t

18、hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，可以省略。（2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where【解析】答案：A從下文的答語(yǔ)看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來(lái)看我們的原因”。（3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how【解析】答案：A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。（4)Do you know _？Im going to s

19、ee him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived【解析】答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問(wèn)的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。（5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea. A.；bought B.has；bought C.did；buy D.does；buy【解析】答案：Ado you think是插入語(yǔ)，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)

20、用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語(yǔ)序。（6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much. A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where【解析】答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。（7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay

21、for【解析】答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，由此排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，由last week判斷應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。（8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start【解析】答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示。（9）In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interest

22、ing book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if【解析】注意本句中斜體部分是一本書(shū)的名字誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪，本句含義是“一個(gè)讀者問(wèn)書(shū)店管理員這本書(shū)是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項(xiàng)。答案：D 本題的主要陷阱是書(shū)名Who Moved My Cheese，它本身含有一個(gè)who,容易給人造成誤解。 在英語(yǔ)中，注意書(shū)名一般都是斜體的，且書(shū)名的首字母是大寫(xiě)的，注意把它看成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的東西。（10）I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.

23、that when【解析】注意后面從句的含義是“比爾蓋茨十三歲的時(shí)候開(kāi)始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，本句中的that是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項(xiàng)。答案：D 。本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when 上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。 做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說(shuō)不通時(shí)，從另一個(gè)角度或另一個(gè)含義考慮。（11）(2010江蘇蘇州中考)I wonder _. Zebras.A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animals

24、 D.how do they call these animals【解析】本句含義是“我想知道他們叫這些動(dòng)物什么”，排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。另外賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C 本句容易譯成“他們?cè)鯓臃Q呼這些動(dòng)物”而錯(cuò)選how，注意本句中隱含句型call sb. sth.含義是“稱呼某人”。解答本類題首先分析句意，確定引導(dǎo)詞，然后看好語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。（12）(2010北京中考)Im different from my twin sister.I love dancing，_ she is interested in reading.A.so B.orC.but D.and【解析】本句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，

25、選擇C項(xiàng)。答案：C 本句陷阱在于選項(xiàng)前后都是肯定句形式，不細(xì)讀題而誤選D項(xiàng)。 并列句主要是根據(jù)句意來(lái)判斷前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，所以一定要把題讀完再作判斷。（13）(2010重慶中考)Work hard，_ you may catch up with your classmates soon. A.orB.butC.andD.yet【解析】本句是“祈使句and”的句型，句意為“努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)很快趕上其他同學(xué)的”，and在句中表示承接關(guān)系，所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C 。本題的陷阱是句型，本句型區(qū)別于“祈使句or”，這個(gè)句型的含義是“，不然的話/否則”。祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析

26、句意，再作決定。14.What time will Mr Brown be back to China? （2009年） Sorry, I dont know A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 答案：D 由題可知，選項(xiàng)是做Know 的賓語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳訴句語(yǔ)序，所以答案選D15. Some of my friends are interested in science，but none of them can t

27、ell （2010年） A when UFOs will appear next time B why do horses know the way C where was this kind of plant found D how do elephants communicate 答案：A 由題可知，選項(xiàng)做tell的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳訴句語(yǔ)序，所以答案選A16.I didnt see Laura at the party last night. Do you know (2011年) A. why didnt she come B. what happened C. when would

28、she arrive D.where she has been 答案： B 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序17. My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. Im thinking about_.（2012年） A:what present did give her B:how I will give her a surprise C: where will we have a big meal D:whether I planned a trip for her答案：B 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳訴句語(yǔ)序18.-Miss Lee,Ididnt catch what

29、you said,Could you tell me _ again? （2013年） -OK!A. what should we take B.where shall we meet C.when we would start D.how we will get there答案: D 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳訴句語(yǔ)序19.The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take答案：A 賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須根據(jù)需要選擇過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種形式20.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has neve