安慶農(nóng)村高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量及其影響因素的研究

1、安慶農(nóng)村高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量及其影響因素的研究 目錄英文縮寫及中英文對照 中文摘要 7 英文摘要10 1引言. 15 2對象和方法. 16 2.1研究對象16 2.2 研究方法17 2.3 質(zhì)量控制19 3 結(jié)果與分析. 20 3.1 一般情況20 3.2 生活質(zhì)量評分. 23 3.3 各可能影響因素與生活質(zhì)量總分的關(guān)系 33 4 討論. 35 4.1 高血壓患者的生活質(zhì)量水平. 36 4.2 各因素與生活質(zhì)量的關(guān)系 37 4.3 高血壓患者及其生活質(zhì)量影響因素小結(jié) 41 5 結(jié)論. 41 5.1 討論 41 5.2 研究缺乏41 5.3 研究優(yōu)點41 5.4 對策及建議 42 參考文獻(xiàn)43 附

2、件 45 附錄 53 致謝 54綜述 55 英文縮寫及中英文對照英文縮寫 英文全稱 中文名 BMI body mass index 體質(zhì)指數(shù) SBP systolic blood pressure 收縮壓 DBP diastolic blood pressure 舒張壓 SF-36 the MOS 36 item short form health survey 簡明健康狀況調(diào)查表 CVD Cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病 WHO World Health Organizatin 世界衛(wèi)生組織 ASH The American Society of Hypertensi

3、on 美國高血壓協(xié)會 QOL quality of life 生活質(zhì)量 RP role physical生理職能 PF physical functioning生理功能 BP bodily pain軀體疼痛 GH general health總體健康 social functioning SF 社會功能 vitality VT 活力 role emotional RE 情感職能 mental health MH 精神健康 health transition HT 健康變化1安慶農(nóng)村高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量及其影響因素研究中文摘要目的:了解農(nóng)村中老年高血壓患者的生活質(zhì)量,探討有關(guān)影響因素。方法:采用多

4、階段整群隨機抽樣的方法,先抽取安慶市望江和樅陽兩縣,每縣再抽取 6-7 個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),對每個鎮(zhèn)所有行政村年齡在 45 周歲及以上的常住人口(居住該地 5年以上)進(jìn)行高血壓篩查。高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為平均收縮壓SBP 140mmHg 和/或舒張壓DBP 90mmHg,或/和調(diào)查時血壓正常,但過去診斷為高血壓并且調(diào)查時正在服降壓藥者。由經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的調(diào)查人員對患者進(jìn)行血壓、體重及身高測量,并采用簡明健康狀況調(diào)查表SF-36及自編的根本情況問卷對1 673名原發(fā)性高血壓患者的生命質(zhì)量進(jìn)行研究。資料采用描述性統(tǒng)計分析、卡方檢驗、單因素和多因素逐步線性回歸。結(jié)果:一,高血壓患者的生活質(zhì)量各維度都比健康對照組差。 二,

5、(1)男性在 PF、RP、GH、SF、RE、MH各維度得分顯著高于女性 ,而在 BP、VT維度的得分低于女性。 (2)?65歲組在 PF和 SF 維度均高于 65歲組。 (3)有伴侶組在 PF、RP、SF、RE 維度高于無伴侶組,而在 GH、VT維度低于后者。(4)文化程度不同的幾組患者在 PF、RP、VT、BP、GH、RE、MH 因子上得分有顯著差異 ,在 SF 維度上無差異。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 PF 得分:文盲組得分低于小學(xué)組、初中組、高中組;RP 得分:小學(xué)組低于高中組;BP 得分:文盲比小學(xué)組、初中組、高中、大專及以上高;VT 得分:文盲比大專及以上低;GH 得分:文盲比小學(xué)組、初中

6、組、高中、大專及以上低;RE 得分:文盲比小學(xué)組、初中組、高中、大專及以上低;MH得分:文盲比小學(xué)組、初中組、高中、大專及以上低。 (5)個人月收入生活質(zhì)量評分在 PF、RP、BP、GH、RE維度上顯示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義在 VT、SF、MH 維度上無差異。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 PF 得分:500 元組低于 501-1000 元及 1000元以上組; RP得分:500 元組低于 501-1000 2 元及 1000 元以上組;BP 得分:500 元組低于 501-1000 元及 1000 元以上組;GH得分:500 元組低于 501-1000 元及 1000元以上組;RE得分:500 元組低于 5

7、01-1000元組。 (6)自費組生活質(zhì)量得分在 RE、RP、PF維度比非自費組低,在 BP維度比非自費組高,在 VT、MH、SF、MH維度無差異。 (7)各級高血壓之間的生活質(zhì)量得分在 VT、MH維度差異有顯著意義,在其他維度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 VT得分:3級高血壓組低于 1級高血壓組;MH維度:3 級高血壓組低于 1 級高血壓組和 2 級高血壓組。(8)體質(zhì)指數(shù) PF、RP、BP、GH、RE 維度得分有顯著差異,在其他維度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 PF 得分:消瘦組得分低于正常組、超重組和肥胖組;RP 得分:消瘦組得分低于正常組和超重組;BP 得分:消瘦組

8、得分低于肥胖組;GH 得分:消瘦組得分低于正常組、超重組和肥胖組;RE得分:消瘦組得分低于正常組、超重組和肥胖組。(9)病程除了在 GH 維度3 年組顯著低于3 年組,其他各維度均無顯著差異。(10)體育鍛煉的因子分比擬除了運動組在 SF 維度顯著低于不運動組,其他各維度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。(11)吸煙各組在 PF、RP、BP、GH 維度有顯著差異,其他各維度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。PF 得分:10 支組得分低于10 支組;RP得分:10 支組得分高于10 支組;BP 得分:10 支組得分低于10 支組;GH得分:10 支組得分低于10 支組。(12)飲酒各組在 PF、RP、BP、GH、SF 維度有顯

9、著差異,其他各維度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 PF 得分: 2兩組得分比不喝酒高,比2兩組低;RP得分:2兩組得分比不喝酒高,比2 兩組低;BP 得分:不飲酒組比2 兩組和2 兩組高;GH 得分:2 兩組得分比不喝酒高,比2 兩組低;SF 得分:不飲酒組低于2 兩組。(13)精神狀況各組患者在 PF、GH、VT、RE、MH 五個維度的得分焦慮組顯著低于不焦慮組,RP維度的因子得分與不焦慮組沒有顯著差異,BP、SF維度的因子得分顯著高于不焦慮組。(14)有無其他慢病患者在 PF、RP、BP、GH、RE 維度有顯著差異,在 VT、SF、MH維度無差異。有其他慢病患者在 PF、RP、G

10、H、RE維度得分低于無慢病者,在 BP 維度那么相反。(15)疾病重視程度的因子分比擬患者在 PF、RP、BP、GH、VT、RE維度有顯著差異,在 SF、MH維度無差異。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在PF、RP、GH、RE 維度上的得分都是很重視組得分低于一般重視組和不重視組,3 在 VT 和 RE 得分上很重視組得分低于一般重視組,而在 BP 維度上很重視組得分高于一般重視組和不重視組。 (16)睡眠情況患者各維度在 PF、RP、BP、GH、RE、MH 維度差異有顯著性,在 VT 和 SF 維度無差異。運用區(qū)間比擬法得出在 PF 和RP 得分上睡眠質(zhì)量一般的要高于睡眠質(zhì)量不好的,在 BP 得分上睡眠質(zhì)

11、量好的要高于睡眠質(zhì)量一般和不好的組別,在 GH 得分上,睡眠質(zhì)量一般的高于睡眠質(zhì)量好的,在 RE得分上睡眠質(zhì)量一般的要高于睡眠質(zhì)量不好的,在 MH得分上睡眠質(zhì)量一般的高于睡眠質(zhì)量好的。 (17)單因素方差分析顯示:性別、收入水平、精神狀況、文化程度、運動情況、婚姻狀況、睡眠情況、合并其他慢病 、醫(yī)保情況、對高血壓重視程度, 對高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量總分產(chǎn)生影響。(18)多元線性逐步回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),性別,收入水平,文化水平,婚姻狀況,精神狀況,患有其他慢性疾病,體育鍛煉,醫(yī)保情況是影響高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量的重要因素。結(jié)論:本次研究結(jié)果顯示,高血壓患者的生活質(zhì)量普遍比健康對照組差。年齡、睡眠情況、吸煙情況

12、、飲酒情況、體質(zhì)指數(shù)、病程和血壓分級在生活質(zhì)量的多維度評價時呈現(xiàn)出顯著性差異,但在總分比擬時未見明顯差異,很可能是患者生活質(zhì)量的影響因素。性別、收入水平、文化水平、婚姻狀況、精神狀況、患有其他慢性疾病、體育鍛煉、醫(yī)保情況和對疾病態(tài)度是影響高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量的決定因素。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村;高血壓;SF-36;生活質(zhì)量4 Study on Quality of Life and Related Impact Factors of Patients with Hypertension in Anqing Rural AreaAbstract Objectives: To investigate quali

13、ty of life in middle and old aged hypertensive patients in Anqing countryside of Anhui and to discuss its determinants Methods: A survey was made among the people of Anqing region, using the multistage random cluster sampling. Firstly, the county of Wangjiang and Zongyang were selectedSecondly, six

14、or seven towns of each city were selected. Thirdly, permanent residentsliving more than 5 years of each incorporated village of the towns,aged 45 and over,were screened for hypertension .Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure?or?140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure?or?90mmHg, and /or

15、use of antihypertensive medications. The measurements of blood pressure, weight and height were obtained by trained observers. And questionnaire cited on SF-36 instrument and determinants of QOL and basic state quetionnaire were used to make surveys on1673hypertensive patients. The individuals who p

16、articipated the questionnaire survey were randomly selected. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, single and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis Results: 1 Every domain of hypertensive patients were significantly lower than those in the health subj

17、ects group.2(1) The scores of PF,RP,GH,SF,RE,MH domain were lower in female patients than in male patients,and The scores of BP、VT domain were lower in male patients than in female patients.(2)The scores of PF and SF domain were significantly higher in patients at the age of below 65 than those abov

18、e 65.(3)The scores of PF,RP,SF,RE domain were significantly higher in patients at the age of who 5 have companion than those whom have not.However, The scores of GH,VT domain were significantly lower in patients at the age of who have companion than those whom have not.4 There were significant diffe

19、rence inPF,RP,VT,BP,GH,RE,MH dimensional subscales in educational level in patients.Analysis indicated that the score of PF domain was lower in illiterate group than in primary school group,ang high school group, the score of RP domain was lower in primary school group than in high school group, the

20、 score of BP domain was higher in illiterate group than in primary school group、in high school group and above college or university group; the score of VT domain was lower in illiterate group than above college or university group, the score of GH domain was lower in illiterate group than in primar

21、y school group in high school group and above college or university group; the score of RE domain was lower in illiterate group than in primary school group in high school group and above college or university group; the score of MH domain was lower in illiterate group than in primary school group i

22、n high school group and above college or university group. there was no significant difference in SF dimensional scores.5 There was significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,RE dimensional subscales at aspect of month income of patients. Analysis indicated that the score of PF domain was significantly l

23、ower in 500 yuan group than in 501-1000yuan group and above 1000 yuan group ; the score of RP domain was significantly lower in 500 yuan group than in 501-1000yuan group and above 1000 yuan group ; the score of BP domain was significantly lower in 500 yuan group than in 501-1000 yuan group and above

24、 1000 yuan group; the score of GH domain was significantly lower in 500 yuan group than in 501-1000 yuan group and above 1000 yuan group; the score of RE domain was significantly lower in 500 yuan group than in 501-1000 yuan group. there was no significant difference in VT、SF、MH dimensional scores.6

25、 The scores of RE,RP and PF domain was higher in half at public expense/ at public expense group than in all at one's own expenses group. The scores of BP domain was lower in half at public expense/ at public expense group than in all at one's own expenses group. there was no significant dif

26、ference in VT,MH,SF,MH dimensional 6 scores.7 The scores of VTdomain was higher in1 group than in3 group. he scores of MH domain was higher in mild hypertension group than in moderate hypertension group and severe hypertension group. there was no significant difference in other dimensional scores.8

27、There were significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,RE dimensional subscales in BMI level in patients. Analysis indicated that the score of PF domain was significantly lower in angular group than in The normal group, super overweight and obese group ,the score of RP domain was significantly lower in an

28、gular group than in The normal group and obese group , the score of BP domain was significantly lower in angular group than obese group, the score of GH domain was significantly lower in angular group than in The normal group, super overweight and obese group , the score of RE domain was significant

29、ly lower in angular group than in The normal group, super overweight and obese group. there was no significant difference in other dimensional scores.9 There were significant difference in GH dimensional subscales in course of disease in patients.the score of GH domain was significantly lower in 3 y

30、ear group than in 3 year group, there was no significant difference in other dimensional scores.(10)The score of SF domain was significantly lower in exercisegroup than in don't exercise group, there was no significant difference in other dimensional scores.(11)There were significant difference

31、in PF,RP,BP,GH dimensional subscales in smoking level in patients, The score of PF domain was significantly lower in 10 cigarettes than in 10cigarettes group, The score of RP domain was significantly higher in10 cigarettes than in 10cigarettes group, The score of BP domain was significantly lower in

32、10 cigarettes than in 10cigarettes group, The score of GH domain was significantly lower in10 cigarettes than in 10cigarettes group. there was no significant difference in other dimensional scores. 12 There were significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,SF dimensional subscales in drinking level in pati

33、ents, The score of PF domain was significantly higher in 2 wine than in 2 wine group and not drink group, The score of RP domain was significantly higher in 2 wine than in 2 wine group and not drink group, The score 7 of BP domain was significantly lower in not drink group,than in 2 wine group and 2

34、 wine group, The score of GH domain was significantly lower in 2 wine group than in2 wine group and not drink group. The score of SF domain was significantly lower in not drink group than in2 wine groupthere was no significant difference in other dimensional scores.13 The scores of PF,GH,VT,RE,MH do

35、main was higher in not anxious group than in feel anxious group. The scores of BP,SF domain was lower in not anxious group than in feel anxious group. there was no significant difference in RP dimensional scores.( 14)There were significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,RE dimensional subscales in with o

36、r without other chronic disease in patients, The scores of PF,RP,GH,RE domain was lower in with other chronic disease group than in f without other chronic disease group. The scores of BP domain was higher in with other chronic disease group than in without other chronic disease group. there was no

37、significant difference in RP dimensional scores.15 There were significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,VT,RE dimensional subscales in disease attention in patients, The scores of PF,RP,GH,RE domain was lower in seriously attention group than in general attention and not value group. The scores of VT an

38、d RE domain was lower in general attention than in seriously attention group, there was no significant difference in SF and MH dimensional scores.16 There were significant difference in PF,RP,BP,GH,RE,MH dimensional subscales in sleeping in patients, there was no significant difference in SF and VT

39、dimensional scores. The scores of PF and RP domain was lower in sleeping well group than in general sleeping group. The scores of BP domain was higher in sleeping well group than in general sleeping and sleeping worse group, The scores of GH domain was higher in general sleeping group than in sleepi

40、ng well group. The scores of RE domain was higher in general sleeping group than in sleeping worse group. The scores of MH domain was higher in general sleeping group than in sleeping well group.17 Single factor analysis of variance show that age, morpheus condition, the smoking, drinking, Body mass

41、 indexBMI, course of disease and blood pressure grading show significant difference in evaluate of multi-dimensional show significant difference , But 8 total life quality of patients were not seen in more obvious difference.The were likely the factors influencing the quality of life of the patients

42、18 Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that Gender, income, cultural level,mental status, with or without other chronic diseases, physical exercise, payment of medical expenses, attitude to disease are important factors affecting the quality of life Conclusions: The results sh

43、ow that the life quality of patients with hypertension were worsened than healthy controls. Age, morpheus condition, the smoking, drinking, Body mass indexBMI, course of disease and blood pressure grading show significant difference in evaluation of multi-dimensional show significant difference , Bu

44、t total life quality of patients were not seen in more obvious difference.The were likely the factors influencing the quality of life of the patients.Gender, income, cultural level,mental status, with or without other chronic diseases, physical exercise, payment of medical expenses, attitude to dise

45、ase are important factors affecting the quality of lifeKey words: countryside/ hypertension/ SF ? 36/ Quality of life 9 安慶農(nóng)村高血壓患者生活質(zhì)量及其影響因素研究1 引言 高血壓是嚴(yán)重危害老年人健康的常見疾病 , 能引起多種代謝紊亂 ,是腦卒1億 ,而老年人高血壓的發(fā)病率占高血壓病人的 60%70% ,無論興旺國家還是發(fā)2展中國家,高血壓都很普遍。Wolf-Maier K 等 調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)北美洲國家(美國和加拿大)35 歲以上人群高血壓的患病率為 28%,而歐洲國家(德國、瑞

46、士、英國、西班牙、意大利等)35 歲以上人群的患病率為 44%。而在我國,高血壓的患3病率也在較高水平并有升高趨勢。1991 年全國血壓抽樣調(diào)查 結(jié)果顯示我國高血4壓患病率為11.88%,2002年中國居民營養(yǎng)與健康調(diào)查顯示 ,我國 18 歲以上人群高血壓患病率為18.8%。大量研究說明,血壓升高是心腦血管發(fā)病的獨立危險因5-8素 ,而心腦血管疾病已經(jīng)成為中國人的首位死因。因此,有效的降低血壓,對降低心血管疾病的發(fā)病率和死亡率,防止腦卒中、冠心病、心力衰竭和腎病的發(fā)生和開展具有極其重要的意義。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)模式發(fā)生了從生物醫(yī)學(xué)模式轉(zhuǎn)向生物-心理-社會醫(yī)學(xué)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,“醫(yī)學(xué)目的也相應(yīng)的發(fā)生了改變 ,預(yù)

47、防疾病和損傷、促進(jìn)和維持健康、解除病9痛 , 對有病的照料和治愈、防止早死和追求安詳死亡等應(yīng)成為“醫(yī)學(xué)目的 。在新的醫(yī)學(xué)模式下去評估慢性病如高血壓的防治效果,僅僅用發(fā)病率、病死率、治愈率、期望壽命等參數(shù)難以做到全面和準(zhǔn)確。而生命質(zhì)量 quality of life, QOL 作為專門的綜合評價術(shù)語逐漸受到重視。WHO 定義生命質(zhì)量為個體在一定文化與價值觀下 ,對其所處地位及狀況的感受。它與個人的目標(biāo)、期望標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和所關(guān)心的事物有關(guān)。它是一個范圍很廣的概念 ,是包括機體健康、心理狀態(tài)、獨立生活水平、社會關(guān)系、個人信念及與明顯的環(huán)境特征有關(guān)的內(nèi)容的集合體。生命質(zhì)量(QOL)更注重個體主觀感覺, 是適應(yīng)

48、醫(yī)學(xué)模式轉(zhuǎn)變的新的代表性健康指標(biāo)。生活質(zhì)量評價自誕生之日起,就被廣泛的應(yīng)用10 于人群綜合健康狀況的評定、慢性病測評、探討健康影響因素及防治重點、衛(wèi)生資源配置與利用的決策等方面。高血壓作為長病程的慢性終身性疾病 ,給患者的身心健康帶來極大的危害,嚴(yán)重地影響了患者的生命質(zhì)量。國內(nèi)外有研究說明 ,高血壓患者的生命質(zhì)量相比10-12健康人群有所下降 ;高血壓患者的總體健康、生理功能、生理職能、軀體疼13痛、活力、情感職能、精神健康等均明顯低于健康對照 。針對影響高血壓患者生命質(zhì)量的因素,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者也做了研究。Mena -Martin 等研究分析了是否知曉自己患有高血壓對生命質(zhì)量的影響 ,結(jié)果提示 ,

49、知曉自己患有高血壓病的患者較未知曉的患者生命質(zhì)量更低 ,這可能與標(biāo)答效應(yīng)和14或者 藥物治療副反響有關(guān) 。 Klocek 等對健康人和高血壓患者的生命質(zhì)量進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究后發(fā)現(xiàn),原發(fā)性高血壓患者的生命質(zhì)量顯著低于血壓正常人,性別、教育程度和年齡均為獨立影響生命質(zhì)量的因素 ,而在高血壓人群中,除了這三個影響因素,家族史、收縮壓、舒張壓、肥胖、合并靶器官損害和用藥的數(shù)量也都對患15,16者的生命質(zhì)量形成影響 。2 對象和方法2.1 研究對象 本項研究調(diào)查安慶市望江縣和樅陽縣的農(nóng)村常住人口(居住該地 5年以上),年齡 45 周歲及以上原發(fā)性高血壓患者,血壓符合平均收縮壓SBP 140mmHg g和/或舒

50、張壓DBP 90mmHg,或/和調(diào)查時血壓正常,但過去診斷為高血壓并且調(diào)查時正在服降壓藥者。本次調(diào)查由安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物研究所安慶分所組織,通過鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、村兩委發(fā)動群眾,村醫(yī)、村干部配合調(diào)查員入戶調(diào)查。在組織發(fā)動時,要求村干準(zhǔn)備好各村民組 45-75 歲人員名單,根據(jù)各村組人員名單,進(jìn)行高血壓篩查。 2.1.1 入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1)年齡:45周歲及以上的男女病人; 11 2)I、級原發(fā)性高血壓患者; 3)自愿參加并簽署知情同意書;2.1.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1)既往發(fā)生過診斷明確的腦卒中者; 2既往發(fā)生過診斷明確的心肌梗死、心力衰竭者; 3嚴(yán)重軀體系統(tǒng)性疾病,無法完成調(diào)查者; 4確診的繼發(fā)性高血壓; 5嚴(yán)

51、重精神障礙,無法表達(dá)意愿者; 6不愿參加本試驗調(diào)查者;2.2 研究方法 2.2.1 文獻(xiàn)研究法 通過國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)期刊網(wǎng)、衛(wèi)生部及世界衛(wèi)生組織、美國高血壓協(xié)會(ASH)等相關(guān)網(wǎng)站收集關(guān)于高血壓防治現(xiàn)狀、生命質(zhì)量評價等方面的文獻(xiàn)。2.2.2 現(xiàn)場調(diào)查法 采用多階段隨機整群抽樣的方法,先抽取安慶市望江縣和樅陽縣兩縣,每縣再抽取 6-7 個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),對每個鎮(zhèn)所有行政村中年齡在 45 周歲及以上的常住人口(居住該地 5 年以上)進(jìn)行高血壓篩查(血壓符合平均收縮壓SBP 140mmHg 和/或舒張壓DBP 90mmHg,或/和調(diào)查時血壓正常,但過去診斷為高血壓并且調(diào)查時正在服降壓藥者),由調(diào)查人員對患者進(jìn)行血壓

52、、體重及身高測量,并隨機抽取部分患者進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查。 (1)血壓測量 血壓測量一律采用校正后的臺式水銀血壓計和聽診器,采用坐位姿勢,測量時對象的右上臂與心臟置于同一水平。測量當(dāng)天要求測量對象先在房間內(nèi)靜坐,35分鐘后開始測量。人均測量至少兩次,間隔12 分鐘,假設(shè)兩次測量結(jié)果相差比12 較大(差值4mmHg),或者早晨吸煙、飲酒者,都要求休息20分鐘后再測量。17高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)?中國高血壓防治指南(2005年修訂版)? 的規(guī)定,測量對象在未服抗高血壓藥物的情況下,血壓的均值SBP 140mmHg(18.6Kpa)和/或DBP 90mmHg12Kpa,或者調(diào)查時血壓正常,但過去診斷為高血壓并且正在服用抗高血壓藥物者均被確定為入選者。 (2)身高、體重測量 身高、體重按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法測量,測量身高時要求被調(diào)查者摘去帽子,站在標(biāo)尺前,腳跟并攏,兩臂自然下垂,肩部、臀部及腳跟貼墻,精確讀數(shù)至 0.1cm。體重用臺秤測量,要求被查者脫去外衣及鞋子,精確度為 0.1kg。按照 WHO 對亞洲人2 2的體重指數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建議,體重指數(shù)