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1、. 專(zhuān)題八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定意義,表許諾、愿望、義務(wù)、命令和猜測(cè)。它必須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首、句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)便構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句;在其后加上not或never等否認(rèn)詞就構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。一、常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法一can/ could的用法1.表示具備某種“才能,但不一定做事情,僅僅表示有才能而已。could是can的過(guò)去時(shí):Can you swim across the river?你能游過(guò)那條河嗎?2.表示“懇求疑問(wèn)句中、“允許。Could比Can委婉;兩者都指如今。答復(fù)一律用can, may或of course,否認(rèn)用mustnt。3.表示“可能性

2、,都可以表示如今和將來(lái),只是could的語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。否認(rèn)式表示“不可能,如:They cant/ couldnt be doing that now.二may/ might的用法1.表示允許或懇求允許,might語(yǔ)氣更委婉。肯定答復(fù)用may/ might/ can,否認(rèn)答復(fù)用may not, cant, mustnt.May I turn on the TV?Yes, you may/ can.No, you cant/ mustnt.2.表示可能性,“也許。這時(shí)may和might表如今,只是might在語(yǔ)氣上更不肯定一些。如:You may/ might have some fever.

3、表示可能性時(shí),may/ might不用于疑問(wèn)句,可用can/could或別的說(shuō)法。如:Is it likely to rain?3.祈使句中表示祝愿:May you succeed!三must的用法1.表示義務(wù)、命令或勸告,“必須。You must tell me the truth.你必須和我說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)。在答復(fù)由must引起的問(wèn)題時(shí),否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have to,表示“不必、沒(méi)必要;而mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)許的意思。Must the ladies wear dresses?No, they dont have to / they neednt.2.表示推測(cè),“肯定。此時(shí),mu

4、st只用于肯定句。在否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中,用can/ could:There must be a mistake. Can / Could there be a mistake?四need和dare的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need“需要和dare“敢通常只用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。You need not come so early. How dare you be so rude?但need和dare可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,后跟動(dòng)詞不定式,可用在所有句型中,注意此時(shí)他們的否認(rèn)式和疑問(wèn)式與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不同。五shall和will的用法1.shall用在第一、三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中,來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)。Shall I go now?

5、 Shall we invite her, too?2.shall用于所有人稱(chēng),表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的決心、保證、許諾、威脅、警告、命令等強(qiáng)烈的感情,如:You shall have an answer by tomorrow. He shall suffer for this.3.will可以表示“愿意、肯、會(huì)、固執(zhí)等意義,而非將來(lái),would那么更婉轉(zhuǎn):I will pay for it. Were going on a climbing trip. Come if you would.4.will可以表示傾向、習(xí)慣,在否認(rèn)句中可以表示“不肯、不能等意思:Oil and water will not

6、 mix. This machine wont work.5.would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣,類(lèi)似used to:He would come to see me on Sunday when he was here.六should / ought to的用法 兩者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換。Ought to的否認(rèn)式為ought not to / oughtnt to 。1.表示道義上的責(zé)任,義務(wù)或要求,有時(shí)表示勸告,“應(yīng)該,如:You ought to / should pay more attention to what your teacher says.2.表示對(duì)如今和將來(lái)的推測(cè):This pe

7、n ought to/ should be yours.3.“should/ ought to have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),“應(yīng)該已經(jīng)。有時(shí)表示“本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做;“should not/ ought not to have+過(guò)去分詞表示“做了不應(yīng)該做的事情,是“本不該的意思,因此它們都含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣:He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now. You should not have asked him for help.4.表示講話(huà)人驚奇,絕望,憤怒等感情:Why should

8、 I believe you? Whats happened to that money? How should I know?七h(yuǎn)ad better表示“最好,后接動(dòng)詞原形,其否認(rèn)式為had better not+ 動(dòng)詞原形would rather意思是“寧愿,表示選擇。它有兩種用法:一是在肯定句中后邊直接跟動(dòng)詞原形,其否認(rèn)句是在would rather后加not,即:would rather not+動(dòng)詞原形;二是它后邊可以接從句,該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由于would rather表示選擇,它后邊可接than。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have+ done一must have d

9、one表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),意思是“一定已經(jīng),想必已經(jīng),準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng),只用于肯定句中。The streets are wet. It must have rained.街道是濕的,準(zhǔn)是下雨了。否認(rèn)要用“cant/ couldnt+ have+過(guò)去分詞,意思是“不可能:The pocket cant have been lost there.二may/ might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),意思是“也許已經(jīng) ,可能已經(jīng)。用于肯定或否認(rèn)句中。疑問(wèn)句中用can或could.此外,“might have+過(guò)去分詞也表示“本來(lái)可以但沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的意思,含有責(zé)備的口氣。例如:He may have gone

10、 to bed. You might have told me earlier.你本可以早點(diǎn)告訴我的。抱怨責(zé)備三neednt have done“neednt +have+過(guò)去分詞表示“本來(lái)不需要做,“做了不必做或不需要做的事,如:I neednt have borrowed the money yesterday.注意didnt need to do表示“沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事。四:can/ could have done:用來(lái)談過(guò)去的情況1.在疑問(wèn)句、否認(rèn)句中,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的疑心和不可能,這時(shí)它們沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異,只是could的語(yǔ)氣更弱一些:Who could have ta

11、ken them? He cant have taken it home.2.could have done在肯定句中,表示“那時(shí)本來(lái)可以 ;差點(diǎn)就要,有時(shí)用來(lái)進(jìn)展婉轉(zhuǎn)地批評(píng):He could have told her, but he did not choose to.五should/ ought to have done表示“過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)有做;“should not/ ought not to have+過(guò)去分詞表示“做了不應(yīng)該做的事。含有責(zé)備或遺憾的意思:You should have come here ten minutes earlier.三、幾組情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的區(qū)別一can

12、和be able to的區(qū)別。在一般將來(lái)時(shí)和如今完成時(shí)中只能用be able to。can表示具備某種才能,但不一定做事;而be able to表示后天努力設(shè)法去做,成功后說(shuō)明有才能,如:He was able to swim across the river in fifteen minutes.= He managed to swim across the river in fifteen minutes.二must與have tomust強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意志,必要性來(lái)自說(shuō)話(huà)者的主觀意志,“必須。Have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,“不得不。如:He must stop smoking.他必須戒煙。說(shuō)話(huà)人

13、認(rèn)為他必須You have to go and see the boss.你一定得去見(jiàn)見(jiàn)老板??陀^因素注意:must not表示“絕對(duì)不可;dont have to或havent got to表示“不必,沒(méi)必要,兩者意思極為不同。三would與used towould可表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。Used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)如今已不存在。如:She used to work into the night.過(guò)去她常工作到深夜。如今不了She would work into the might.以前她常工作到深夜。不表示如今不了【例題精析】例1. Tom, you _ leave

14、 all your clothes on the floor like this!A.wouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not答案:B 。例2. Where is my pen? I _ it.A. might lose B. need have lost C. must lose D. must have lost答案:D 。 專(zhuān)題測(cè)試1.Could I borrow your book? Yes, of course you _ .A. may B. could C. must D. can2. I wonder how he that _ to his pa

15、rents.A. dare to say B. dared say C. dares to say D. didnt dare to say3.Shall I tell him about it? No, you _ . I have told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt4. I _ have written to him because he phoned me later.A. ought to B. must C. couldnt D. neednt5.You can hardly swim, can yo

16、u? _ . But my mother said she would teach me.A. Yes, I cant B. No, I cant C. No, I can D. Yes, I can6.Write to me when you get home. _ .A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can7.Where shall we meet tomorrow? Well.I _come to your house if you like.A. could B. might C. should D. must8. Dont throw the bott

17、les away. They _ in the future.A. may need B. are needed C. can be needing D. might be needed9. He was caught in the rain last night. That _ his cold.A. must bring about B. ought to bring about C. should have brought about D. may have brought about10.I saw Jane in the street yesterday. You _ her. He

18、 is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C.mustnt have seen D.ought not to have seen11.You must phone us every week. Yes, I _ .A. must B. have to C. will D. should12. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need13. The line is busy. Someone _

19、 the telephone.A. may be using B. may have used C. must have been using D. must be using14. English is a language that many people around the world _ not speak perfectly but at least _ understand.A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might15.What are you going to do for your holiday? I

20、m not sure. I _ make a trip to the beach.A. can B. may C. must D. should16.I wonder why Mr. Wang didnt attend the lecture. He _ another one.A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had17. He was taken away by the police. He _ for a robber.A. must be mistaken B. was being mistaken

21、C. must mistake D. must have been mistaken18.Must I be at home at 6 ? No, you _ .A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt19.I wonder if I _ smoke here. No, you _ . Could you see the sign “No Smokingthere?A. can, neednt B. shall, wont C. must, cant D. may, mustnt20. Tom always did well in all his subj

22、ects, so he _ in the final exam.A. mustnt fail B. couldnt have failed C. ought not to fail D. mustnt have failed21.I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You _ mine. I wasnt using it.A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow22. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not23. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been24. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might stu

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