10濟(jì)南語法十語法考點(diǎn)剖析

1、語法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“t$動(dòng)詞原形”，否定形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有白己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。1. 作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞替換且常用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“I*be+adj.(+forsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式”。It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.我們來說)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。(1) 作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語

2、接todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plar#。接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。(2) 在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,haveH感官系動(dòng)詞feel,look,smell等的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。作定語Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果動(dòng)詞不

3、定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。Thecatiseasytotakecare。這只貓很容易照顧。作狀語Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.太太去上海看她女兒。（目的）We'regladtomeetyouhere我們很高興在這兒見到你。（原因）Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。（結(jié)果）疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who,what,when,where,how,which等后接動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattod宓師正告

4、訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo（=whereheshouldgo）他不知道去哪里。含動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型與短語too.to.太而不能Whydon'tyoudosth.?為什么不做某事？1. hadbetterdosthM好做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth?愿做某事，而不愿做某事makesb.dosth讓某人做某事bemadetodosth.J迫做某事（2019湖北咸寧中考改編）Remembersomefruitwhenyoucomeback.2. A.buyingB.tobuyC.buyD.bought（2019湖南長

5、沙中考改編）一Theweatherreportsaysit'sgoingtohaveashowerthisafternoon.Itdoes?We'dbetternow,justincase.第2頁3. toleaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left（2019甘肅張掖中考）Mytwocousinsdecideabusinesstogether.4. A.tostartB.startingC.startD.started（2019黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編）WesetupthisgroupdisabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.5. A.helpB.tohel

6、pC.helpingD.helps（2019黑龍江綏化中考改編）PeoplearesupposedhandswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.6. A.shakingB.toshakeC.shakeD.shook（2019貴州中考）Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkidswithstrangers.7. A.nottotalkB.nottalkingC.tonottalkD.nottalk（2019四川成都中考改編）Igotupearlythismorningmygrandmaattheairport.8. A.topickupB

7、.pickingupC.pickedupD.pickup（2019四川達(dá)州中考）I'dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework.Ifyoudon'tgo,.9. A.todo;sodoIB.todo;norwillIC.doing;sowillID.do;neitheramI（2019四川樂山中考改編）Julia,yourmobilephoneisringing.Waitaminute.It'sdangerousitwhilecrossingthestreet.A.answeringB.answerC.toanswerD.to

8、answering（2019廣東中考）Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.I第3頁thinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild(2019貴州安順中考)一YoushoulddowhatyoucanyourEnglish,LiMing.OK,Iwill.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.improved考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由劫詞原形+-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(

9、可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。(1) 動(dòng)名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞(短語)有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can'thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。have+n.+(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)do

10、ing,haveproblems/difficulty(in)doing等。todoing結(jié)構(gòu)，to是介詞be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不同。todosth.停下來去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事todosth忘記做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事todosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事todosth盡力去做某事奶doingsth.嘗試做某事1. （2019

11、預(yù)測）Haveyouforgotten$1,000frommelastmonth?Willtodosth.遺憾地去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事youpleaserememberittomorrow?2. A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;tobringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing（2019黑龍江龍東中考改編）一Wouldyoumindhere?Ofcoursenot.I'llmycigaretteatonce.A.notsmoking;putawayB.notsmoking;putoutC.

12、nottosmoke;putoffD.nottosmoke;putout（2019預(yù)測）Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficulty_theproblem.3. A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout（2019湖北黃岡中考）一NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.Yeah!ManypeoplecanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina.4. A.tobuyB.buy

13、ingC.boughtD.buy（2019預(yù)測）Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.5. A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped（2019預(yù)測）I'veenjoyedtotalkwithyou.6. A.tobeableB.beingableC.tobeenableD.ofbeingable（2019預(yù)測）Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.7. A.knockB.knockingatC.toknockatD.knockingto（2019重慶中考）Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfi

14、nisheshishomeworkontime.8. A.doB.didC.doesD.doing（2019重慶渝北中考）Therearesomepeoplesoccerinthepark.9. A.playB.playsC.playingD.toplay（2019江蘇常州中考）一Whydoesn'ttheSurgeonstoplunch?Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A.tohave;tosaveB.having;tosaveC.tohave;savingD.having;saving（2019江蘇淮安中考）The

15、researchhedevoteshimselftothefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.1. A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped考點(diǎn)三分詞現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形+-ing構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。Thecryinggirlcan'tfindhermother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。（定語）Thestoryisinteresting這個(gè)故事很有趣。（表語）Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。

16、（賓語補(bǔ)足語）2. Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過考試。（狀語）過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。3. Sheisverytired她很疲勞。（表語）TheboyworeapairoffadedjeansSB個(gè)男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。（定語）Shefoundthevillagegreatlychange姍發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊變化很大。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別。（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)行。asleepingchild一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子ad

17、evelopingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家boilingwater正在沸騰的水a(chǎn)surprisinglook一個(gè)令人吃驚的表情（2）過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或者完成。1. thenovelwrittenbyLuXun魯迅寫的那篇小說asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans粉絲包圍的歌手fallenleaves落葉asnow-coveredcity被雪覆蓋的城市（2019黑龍江龍東中考改編）IsawJimintothatnewbuildingjustnow.A.walk;hasopenedOh,it'sournewlibrary.Ittothepublicforaweek.walking;hasbeenopen第7頁2. walking;hasopenedD.walks;hasbeenopenIheardhimanEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.3. A.singB.singingC.sungD.tosing（2019預(yù)測）Thenovelisgreat.It'swellworth.4. A