大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改錯(cuò)講義張子宏

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改錯(cuò)講義（張子宏）第一節(jié) 介詞考點(diǎn)1：中心詞 + 介詞of例1：More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farm and in villages. (90/1, No.71)例2：The familys recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or village to transact some business as well as to chat with nei

2、ghbors who had also come to town. (90/6, No.78) 考點(diǎn)2：中心詞 + 介詞to 例1：People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in the way of life. (90/1, No.76)例2: Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. (95/1, No.71)考點(diǎn)3：中心詞+ 介詞on例1：, but such reasons

3、are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. (93/6, No.75)考點(diǎn)4：中心詞+ 介詞with例1：In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. (95/6, No.72)考點(diǎn)5：中心詞 + 介詞for例1：Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. (95/6, No.76) j固定搭配: on the contrary,

4、on one handon the other hand, on purpose, on business, on the whole, on the spot k表位置，指與某物面碰面的接觸：on the wall, on the earth考點(diǎn)6：介詞 on l表時(shí)間，置于某日前: on May 4th, on Sunday, on the morning of m表時(shí)間，指“在之后，立即”: on our arrival non和to合成的介詞onto: 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向和場(chǎng)所，意為“到上，在上”。get onto the bus, slip onto the floor例1：, on t

5、he contrast, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the students four years of structural living in which to expect and prepare for the real world. (96/6, No.79)例2: Men have explored parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another and possibly within the decade will land into

6、another planet and explore it. (00/1, No.73)考點(diǎn)7：其它常用介詞的基本含義j介詞 in: 表示“在（某空間）里面”，構(gòu)成“in+空間、范圍” k介詞for: 表示“為某一目的而準(zhǔn)備”；或者，for用于表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間; 表原因 l介詞from: 表示“特定地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)”；或者，指特定的“來(lái)源或起因” m介詞by: 表示“按照，根據(jù), 由, 依據(jù),”；或者，為“借助于，通過(guò)”例1：On some fields, this had clearly not happened. (96/1, No.78)例2：about an American who h

7、ad been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. (00/6, No.75)例3：If he was absent because of sickness, there was often no job from him when he returned. (94/1, No.77)例4：We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occu

8、pied the space around them. (00/6, No.71)例5：, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. (95/1, No.80)例6：Then, about ten years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. (02/1, S8)第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)8：使役動(dòng)詞 感官動(dòng)詞 + sb. do sth. +sb.

9、do /doing sth.例1：They believe that it was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible, make them to work as hard as they could and, (94/1, No.80)例2：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of its machinery will make your ears ringing. (95/6, No.75)考點(diǎn)9：主語(yǔ) +

10、及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞例1：The farmer aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own muscles as his chief source of power. (90/6, No.75)例2：is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. (93/6, No.80)例3：You may have noticed about how people who live or wor

11、k closely together come to behave in a similar way. (95/1, No.72)例4：But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusion. (00/1, No.80)例5：His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. (00/6, No.80)考點(diǎn)10：分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法

12、：j-ing分詞 + 中心詞k-ed分詞 + 中心詞例1：So a sportsmans individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan. (95/1, No.74)例2：Even the quiet of our carefully protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet. (95/6, No.79)考點(diǎn)11：動(dòng)詞的-ing與-ed形式在謂語(yǔ)中的用法區(qū)別j主語(yǔ) + be + -ing

13、k主語(yǔ) + be + -ed例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to put up with in the name of better health is (93/6, No.78)例2: one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources they are poured into the space exploration efforts. (00/1, No.79)考點(diǎn)12：其它需注意的動(dòng)詞用法 j常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞詞組為固定短語(yǔ)，不可隨

14、意變更，如keep in mind，grow up，call off等。k thus, thereby等副詞后常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。lconsidering，regarding，concerning可作介詞，其后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)m連詞and連接的并列動(dòng)詞為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，或同為不定式，或同為分詞形式。例1：This tendency of technology to make workers superfluous but at the same time allowing their number to grow up so large is creating psychological

15、tensions. (98/1, No.78)例2：But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. (00/1, No.76)例3：The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permit individualized

16、attention to students. (96/6, No.74)例4：Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money (00/1, No.79)例5：the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which to expect

17、 and preparing for the real world. (96/6, No.80)第三節(jié) 數(shù)詞、名詞和代詞考點(diǎn)13： j置于表時(shí)間的名詞前：fifteen minutes，fifty hoursk置于表距離的名詞前：forty miles，four kilometres l置于表價(jià)格的名詞前：thirty dollars基數(shù)詞 m置于表重量的名詞前：three kilograms n置于表溫度的名詞前：89ºF o表示考試得分：get eighty-eight on the test p表示尺碼，置于表尺碼的名詞后：wear size thirty-eight q表示物

18、件數(shù)目或數(shù)量，置于名詞前：two caps，four novels j表示某月中的第幾號(hào)：on July the 4th，on the 10th of September k表示在幾世紀(jì)：in the 4th century B.C.，in the eighteenth century序數(shù)詞 l表示運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)或其它大型活動(dòng)的第幾屆：the 25th Olympic Games m表示考試的排名：come in 11th in the test n表示順序或位置，置于名詞前：in the 15th row，the 2nd longest river例1：In the nineteen century

19、, farm work and life were not much changed from what they had been in the old days. (90/6, No.73)例：During the early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh deaths in Europes crowded cities was caused by the disease. (00/1, No.75)考點(diǎn)14：名詞(noun) j可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)單數(shù)形式前用a/an

20、；復(fù)數(shù)形式后加-s或-es。如：a job，two cakes，three potatoes。k不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)前不可用a/an，但可用the或不用；沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。下列名詞常用作不可數(shù)名詞：accommodation(食宿), accuracy, advice, baggage, behaviour, bread, cash, clothing, equipment, fun, furniture, harm, information, knowledge, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery,

21、 money, news, paper, permission, produce(農(nóng)產(chǎn)品), progress, scenery, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work, uncertainty等。例1：The government also affects the kind of works people do. (90/1, No.79)例2：It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (95/6, No.71)例3：Can we b

22、e so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future? (00/1, No.75)例4：They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters. (02/1, S5)例：The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. (02/1, S10)考點(diǎn)15：代詞照應(yīng)j人稱照應(yīng)

23、：是指人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞與其指代對(duì)象之間的照應(yīng)。k指示照應(yīng)：是由指示代詞和指示限定詞實(shí)現(xiàn)的照應(yīng)關(guān)系。例1：The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. (90/1, No.75)例2：And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing pe

24、ople: they are drawn to them. (95/1, No.78)例：A man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. (93/6, No.72)例4：The workingman had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that their children

25、would have anything better. (94/1, No.73)例：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears ring. (95/6, No.74)例： break in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow its raises and promotions as it would for men. (96/1, No.75)例7：But

26、if 98 percent of us dont need to work, what are we going to do with oneself? (98/1, No.80)例：Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. (95/1, No.73)考點(diǎn)16：復(fù)合不定代詞的用法用于陳述句 用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句例1：The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. (90/6, No.71)例2：The workingman had little sc

27、hooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that his children would have nothing better. (94/1, No.73)考點(diǎn)17：先行代詞itj作形式主語(yǔ)：it +“be”+ 名詞/形容詞 + (of/for + 名詞/代詞+) +不定式k作形式賓語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + it + 名詞/形容詞 + 不定式例1：They believed that was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible. (

28、94/1, No.79)例2：While technology makes this possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. (98/1, No.75)第四節(jié) 冠詞考點(diǎn)18：j by + k by + the + 表方式 表觸及例：Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. (90/1, No.74)考點(diǎn)19：bed，church，colle

29、ge，university，school，court，hospital，prison，sea等表處所的名詞及名詞work用來(lái)指有關(guān)活動(dòng)時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。例1：Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. (95/6, No.77)考點(diǎn)20：the +先行詞 + 同位語(yǔ)從句 (that-clause)例：Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to be more recently employed and have fewer years on the j

30、ob. (96/1, No.71)考點(diǎn)21：冠詞的習(xí)慣用法 j習(xí)慣用定冠詞的短語(yǔ)by the way for the time being in the case of (至于)in the long run in the habit of in the possession ofk習(xí)慣用不定冠詞的短語(yǔ)all of a sudden as a rule as a matter of factat a loss (不知所措) on a large scale in a hurryhave a good time keep an eye on lend a handl 習(xí)慣用零冠詞的短語(yǔ)at pr

31、esent at hand (近在手邊) at stakeat table (在進(jìn)餐) at war by way of (經(jīng)由)in honor of in trouble in orderin place (適當(dāng)?shù)? in advance in fashion (時(shí)興、流行)in fact in case (of) (如果) in possession of (擁有)例1：This tendency of technology to make words superfluous (過(guò)剩) but at same time allowing their number to grow so l

32、arge is creating psychological tensions. (98/1, No.77)考點(diǎn)22：零冠詞j表示洲的名詞前：如Asia，Europe，America，Africa，Oceaniak表示國(guó)家、省市的名詞前（但由短語(yǔ)組成的國(guó)家，或以-s結(jié)尾的國(guó)家前需要用定冠詞the）：如China，Russia，F(xiàn)rance，Beijing，Londonl表示街道、建筑名詞前（但有of介詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，需用定冠詞the，如the tower of London，the Great Wall of China）：如Broadway，Red Squarem表示大學(xué)名稱的名詞前（但有of

33、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需用定冠詞the，如the University of North Carolina）：如Yale University，Oxford University例1：With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. (01/6, No.75)考點(diǎn)23：零冠詞用法還需熟記以下公式口訣三句 泛指a/an特指the， man指人類零冠詞， cold，fe

34、ver前a，violin，guitar樂(lè)器the。例1：Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. (02/1, S1)第五節(jié) 形容詞和副詞 考點(diǎn)24：形容詞的基本用法j系動(dòng)詞/感官動(dòng)詞+ 形容詞 k形容詞 + 名詞例1：There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting electrical shock. (93/6, No.74)例2：In every case, the influential

35、 person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. (95/1, No. 77)例3：Because of its large student body consisting of many people from different countries the university exposes its students to many different culture, social and out-of-class programmes. (96/6,

36、 No. 76)例4：Even the infection rate was falling, population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 million a years. (2001/6, No. 80)考點(diǎn)25：副詞的基本用法 j 常用副詞(多以ly結(jié)尾) + 被修飾詞 k 改錯(cuò)中常用以混同于副詞的形容詞： l 改錯(cuò)中形容詞, 副詞同形的常用詞： 例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put

37、up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. (93/6, No.79)例2： Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed yet. (95/6, No.78)例3： Many women, for example, have committed their liv

38、es to teaching careers, yet relative few have become principals or headmasters. (96/1, No.80)考點(diǎn)26：形容詞，副詞的各種比較級(jí)形式j(luò)同級(jí)比較：as + 形容詞/副詞原形 + ask非同級(jí)比較： l比例式比較：the +形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)形式 the +形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)形式A+數(shù)詞 + times/twice + as + 形容詞原級(jí) + as +Bm倍數(shù)比較： A+數(shù)詞 + times/twice + more (或其它形容詞比較級(jí)) than + Bn不可分級(jí)比較的詞：例1：When we c

39、onsider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the workingman in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even hard. (94/1, No.71)第六節(jié) 同義詞和反義詞考點(diǎn)27：構(gòu)成反義詞的常見(jiàn)詞綴例1. Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs m

40、ay be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems. (96/6, No.77）例2. In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortable in its presence. (95/1, No.76)例3. The need for more food discourages development of better techn

41、ology which naturally keeps more people alive. (98/1, No.73)例4. While technology makes it possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. In theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of

42、 the population. (98/1, No.76)例5. Now he has the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. (2000/1, No.72)例6. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person by the way the occupied

43、the space around them-for example, When such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. (2000/6, No.72)例7. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunters triumph of

44、killing his prey. (2002/1, No.S2)考點(diǎn)28：常見(jiàn)同義詞例1：Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses, and trucks. (95/6, No. 73)第七節(jié) 一致考點(diǎn)29：主謂一致原則： j謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)一致。k分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。l當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)單一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則要用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。mThere be 句型中，注意主語(yǔ)與be 動(dòng)詞的一致。 n

45、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。o如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, including等詞組連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。p既然是主謂一致原則，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)都不能省略。例1： One in every seven deaths in Europes crowded cities were caused by the disease. (01/6, No.73) 例2：There are no going back to a simple, less technologically

46、 complex time. (98/1, No.74)例3: Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new usethat of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. (02/1, S9) 考點(diǎn)30：連詞在一致性中的: j由連詞and, as well as，not onlybut also等連接的句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)保持一致。k由連詞and, as well as 等連接的詞應(yīng)保持詞性一致。l連詞本身搭配一致性原則。m

47、連詞與句意一致性原則。常用的并列連接詞 常用的從屬連接詞例1：At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. (94/1, No.72) 例2：It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time. (95/6

48、, No. 80) 例3：The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments, as well numerous courses with such department. （96/6，No.71）例4: They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in these services. (90/1, No.78)考點(diǎn)31：定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞一致

49、性原則j先行詞為人 + 引導(dǎo)詞 k先行詞為物 + 引導(dǎo)詞l先行詞為地點(diǎn) + 引導(dǎo)詞 m先行詞為原因 + 引導(dǎo)詞例1：This other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known. (00/6, No.74) 例2：The children attended a small elementary school to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a few miles. (90/6, No.79) 第八節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)32：時(shí)態(tài)一致性基本原則 j主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)

50、間狀語(yǔ)從句一致性原則 k謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)與句意一致性原則l從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則m上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則例1：Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only indirectly. (00/1, No.71) 例2：The American hasnt been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. (00/ 6, No.76) 例3：Picking it up, he