暖通空調(diào)論文

1、暖通空調(diào)專業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介我所學(xué)專業(yè)是建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程。一開(kāi)始對(duì)此專業(yè)毫不了解，通過(guò)對(duì)各種專業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)，逐漸了解了該專業(yè)的主要研究領(lǐng)域。本專業(yè)培養(yǎng)具備室內(nèi)環(huán)境設(shè)備系統(tǒng)及建筑公共設(shè)施系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝調(diào)試、運(yùn)行管理及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門所需的特殊環(huán)境的研究開(kāi)發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)及能力，能在設(shè)計(jì)研究院、建筑工程公司、物業(yè)管理公司及相關(guān)的科研、生產(chǎn)、教學(xué)等單位從事工作的高級(jí)工程技術(shù)人才。主要課程有：工程熱力學(xué)、傳熱學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、建筑環(huán)境學(xué)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)、自動(dòng)控制原理、流體輸配管網(wǎng)、熱質(zhì)交換原理與設(shè)備、建筑給排水工程、建筑電氣、空調(diào)技術(shù)、制冷技術(shù)、供熱工程、設(shè)備自動(dòng)化、鍋爐及鍋爐房設(shè)備、工業(yè)通風(fēng)、建筑設(shè)備自動(dòng)化、建筑電氣、

2、高層民用建筑空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)、燃?xì)夤こ?、建筑設(shè)備工程預(yù)算等。其中暖通方向是發(fā)展較為完備并且十分重要的區(qū)域。在北方，冬季需要供暖，涉及暖通。暖通在學(xué)科分類中的全稱為供熱供燃?xì)馔L(fēng)及空調(diào)工程，包括：采暖、通風(fēng)、空氣調(diào)節(jié)這三個(gè)方面，從功能上說(shuō)是建筑的一個(gè)組成部分。暖通的英文縮寫HVAC（Heating,VentilatingandAirConditioning）。暖通空調(diào)是分戶的中央空調(diào)，中央空調(diào)它最大特點(diǎn)，是能夠創(chuàng)造一種舒適的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。而家居一般的分體的空調(diào)，它只能解決冷暖問(wèn)題，而解決不了空氣處理過(guò)程?，F(xiàn)在，有了暖通空調(diào)就不一樣了?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)空氣處理過(guò)程它有以下這些過(guò)程：首先是空氣進(jìn)來(lái)以后，除了引進(jìn)新風(fēng)以外

3、，可以把空氣進(jìn)行冷卻處理，然后就進(jìn)行過(guò)濾處理，過(guò)濾處理以后，增加了幾大特點(diǎn)：第一就增加電子除塵器.，它主要可以捕捉非常小的顆粒的灰塵，一般來(lái)講它可以捕捉一個(gè)微米的灰塵，而這個(gè)灰塵的范圍內(nèi)大部分都是細(xì)菌、病毒、煙塵，或者是異味這樣就都可以過(guò)濾掉；另外就是會(huì)增加一種加濕設(shè)備，這個(gè)加濕器可以創(chuàng)造我們房間的加濕達(dá)到40%左右的相對(duì)濕度，這樣人會(huì)感到很舒適。在我國(guó)的建筑行業(yè)，一直以建筑設(shè)計(jì)院”牽頭。一個(gè)建筑項(xiàng)目確立之后，首先由某個(gè)建筑設(shè)計(jì)院進(jìn)行總體設(shè)計(jì)。建筑的總體設(shè)計(jì)包括許多分項(xiàng)，一般如下：建筑設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)，電力（強(qiáng)、弱電）設(shè)計(jì)，給排水設(shè)計(jì)，暖通設(shè)計(jì)，配套園林綠化景觀設(shè)計(jì)等等。暖通設(shè)計(jì)（如果

4、該項(xiàng)目需要）是指該項(xiàng)目中的所需要的空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)”簡(jiǎn)稱空調(diào)系統(tǒng)一般空調(diào)系統(tǒng)”包括制冷供暖系統(tǒng)，新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，排風(fēng)（排油煙）系統(tǒng)等的綜合設(shè)計(jì)。所以說(shuō)暖通”從功能上說(shuō)是建筑的一個(gè)組成部分。從建筑設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)，他是建筑設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)分項(xiàng)。并不是單指空調(diào)”。需要說(shuō)明的一點(diǎn)是：空調(diào)”在一個(gè)建筑中可能是中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)”，也可能是中央空調(diào)與獨(dú)立空調(diào)的混合系統(tǒng)”，也可能全部是獨(dú)立空調(diào)的系統(tǒng)”。一切根據(jù)建筑的功能以及投資者的意向和實(shí)際需要而定?？照{(diào)是用人為的方法處理室內(nèi)空氣的溫度、濕度、潔凈度和氣流速度的系統(tǒng)?？墒鼓承﹫?chǎng)所獲得具有一定溫度、濕度和空氣質(zhì)量的空氣，以滿足使用者及生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的要求和改善勞動(dòng)衛(wèi)生和室內(nèi)氣候條件。按空氣處

5、理設(shè)備的集中程度劃分為以下幾類：一、集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。所有空氣處理設(shè)備（風(fēng)機(jī)、過(guò)濾器、加熱器、冷卻器、加濕器、減濕器和制冷機(jī)組等）都集中在空調(diào)機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)，空氣處理后，由風(fēng)管送到各空調(diào)房里。這種空調(diào)系統(tǒng)熱源和冷源也是集中的。它處理空氣量大，運(yùn)行可靠，便于管理和維修，但機(jī)房占地面積大。二、半集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。集中在空調(diào)機(jī)房的空氣處理設(shè)備，僅處理一部分空氣，另外在分散的各空調(diào)房間內(nèi)還有空氣處理設(shè)備。它們或?qū)κ覂?nèi)空氣進(jìn)行就地處理，或?qū)?lái)自集中處理設(shè)備的空氣進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充再處理。誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)、風(fēng)機(jī)盤管+新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)就是這種半集中式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的典型例子。三、局部式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。此系統(tǒng)是將空氣處理設(shè)備全部分散在空調(diào)房間內(nèi)，因此局部式空調(diào)系

6、統(tǒng)又稱為分散式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。通常使用的各種空調(diào)器就屬于此類。空調(diào)器將室內(nèi)空氣處理設(shè)備、室內(nèi)風(fēng)機(jī)等與冷熱源與制冷劑輸出系統(tǒng)分別集中在一個(gè)箱體內(nèi)。分散式空調(diào)只向室內(nèi)輸送冷熱載體，而風(fēng)在房間內(nèi)的風(fēng)機(jī)盤管內(nèi)進(jìn)行處理。按采用新風(fēng)量的劃分為：一、直流式系統(tǒng)。又稱全新風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)?？照{(diào)器處理的空氣為全新風(fēng)，送到各房間進(jìn)熱濕交換后全部排放到室外，沒(méi)有回風(fēng)管。這種系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生條件好，能耗大，經(jīng)濟(jì)性差，用于有有害氣體產(chǎn)生的車間。實(shí)驗(yàn)室等。二、閉式系統(tǒng)?？照{(diào)系統(tǒng)處理的空氣全部再循環(huán)，不補(bǔ)充新風(fēng)的系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)能耗小，衛(wèi)生條件差，需要對(duì)空氣中氧氣再生和備有二氧化碳吸式裝置。如用于地下建筑及潛艇的空調(diào)等。三、混合式系統(tǒng)。空調(diào)器處理的

7、空氣由回風(fēng)和新風(fēng)混合而成。它兼有直流式和閉式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用比較普遍，如賓館、劇場(chǎng)等場(chǎng)所的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。正是由于我們專業(yè)的存在，并一直努力設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新更多更好的設(shè)備以供調(diào)節(jié)改善人們的生活環(huán)境以及生活方式，提高人們的生活水平。城鎮(zhèn)建筑環(huán)境的供暖、通風(fēng)、空調(diào)及制冷系統(tǒng)安裝、調(diào)試及運(yùn)行管理需要我們的存在，建筑電氣的設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)需要我們的協(xié)助。為了創(chuàng)造更好的生活舒適度，我們一直在奮斗著，努力發(fā)展我們的專業(yè)，進(jìn)行更深入的研究，希望能創(chuàng)造出更美好的明天。我也要努力學(xué)習(xí)跟多的專業(yè)知識(shí)，希望畢業(yè)后成為設(shè)備工程師，創(chuàng)造出更優(yōu)越的生活環(huán)境。HvacprofessionalintroductionWhatIlearnedisprof

8、essionalconstructionenvironmentandequipmentengineering.Abegantheprocessofprofessionalknewnothing,throughvariousmajorareaofstudy,cametoknowtheprofessionalthemainresearchfield.Thisspecializedraisehastheequipmentsystemandindoorenvironmentconstructionofthepublicfacilitiessystemdesign,installation,andope

9、rationmanagementofthesectorsofthenationaleconomyandthespecialenvironmentoftheresearchanddevelopmentofthebasictheoryofknowledgeandability,canindesigninstitute,constructionengineeringcompany,propertymanagementcompanyandthecorrelationofscientificresearch,production,teaching,andotherunitsengagedinthewor

10、koftheseniorengineeringandtechnicalpersonnel.Maincourse:engineeringthermodynamics,heattransferandfluidmechanics,mechanicaldesign,buildingenvironmentbasedautomaticcontrolprinciple,fluidpipelinenetwork,heatandmasstransferprincipleandequipment,buildingwatersupplyanddrainageengineering,buildingelectric,

11、airconditioningtechnology,refrigerationtechnology,heatingengineering,equipmentautomation,boilerandboilerroomequipment,industrialventilation,constructionequipmentautomation,buildingelectrical,highcivilbuildingsairconditioningdesign,gasengineering,constructionequipmentengineeringbudget,etc.Amongthemis

12、thedevelopmentdirectionofhvacmorecompleteandimportantareas.Inthenorth,thewintersneedheating,involvesthehvac.Inthesubjectclassificationoftheheating,ventilationandheatsupplycalledgasairconditioningproject,including:heating,ventilation,airconditioningthesethreeaspects,fromthefunctionofthebuildingisapar

13、t.HVACtheabbreviationofHVAC(Heating,VentilatingandAirConditioning).Individualhvacisthecentralairconditioning,thecentralairconditioningitbiggestcharacteristic,isabletocreateakindofcomfortableindoorenvironment.Andthegeneraloftheairconditioningdoeshousehold,itcansolvetheproblemchangesintemperature,andc

14、annotsolvetheairtreatmentprocess.Now,withtheairconditioningisnotthesame.Nowtheairtreatmentprocessithasthefollowingtheseprocess:firstistheairinlater,inadditiontointroduceoutsideair,canputtheairforcoolingtreatment,thenfilteringprocessing,filteringprocessingafter,increaseafewmajorcharacteristics:firsti

15、ncreaseselectronicprecipitator.,itbasicallycancaptureverysmallparticlesofdust,ingeneralitcancaptureamicronofdust,andthedustwithinthescopeofthemostarebacteria,viruses,smoke,orispeculiarsmellsothatitcanfilterout;Anotheristoincreaseahumidifyingequipment,thediffusercancreateourroomhumidifyingreachedabou

16、t40%relativehumidity,sothatpeoplewillfeelverycomfortable.Inourcountry'sconstructionindustry,hasbeentothe"architecturaldesigninstitute"lead.Anarchitecturalprojectafterestablishment,thefirstbyaarchitecturaldesigninstituteinoveralldesign.Constructionoftheoveralldesignincludingmanybreakdow

17、n,generalasfollows:architecturaldesign,structuredesign,thefoundationdesign,power(strong,ba)design,watersupplyanddrainagedesign,hvacdesign,matchinggardenafforestationlandscapedesign,andsoon.Hvacdesign(iftheprojectneed)istopointtotheprojectoftheneed"airconditioningsystem"hereinafterreferredt

18、oas"airconditioningsystem".General"airconditioningsystem"includingcoolingheatingsystem,freshairsystem,andexhaust(platoonlampblack)systemandtheintegrateddesign.Sosay"hvac"fromthefunctionofthebuildingisapart.Fromthearchitecturedesignfor,heisbuildingdesignofabreakdown.Andn

19、otonlyrefersto"airconditioning".Needtosaythatpointis:"airconditioning"inabuildingmaybe"thecentralairconditioningsystem",alsomaybe"centralairconditioningandindependentair-conditioningmixingsystem",mayalsoareall"independentair-conditioningsystem".Accor

20、dingtothefunctionofthebuildingandalltheintentoftheinvestorsandtheactualrequires.Airconditioningisforthemethodtodealwiththeindoorairtemperature,humidity,cleanlinessandairflowvelocityofthesystem.Canmakeforsomeplaceswithcertaintemperature,humidityandairqualityair,tomeettherequirementsoftheusersandthepr

21、oductionprocessandimprovelaborhealthandindoorclimateconditions.Accordingtotheairtreatmentequipmentconcentrationisdividedintothefollowingcategories:a,centralairconditioningsystem.Allairtreatmentequipment(fan,filters,heater,cooler,humidifier,minusthewetandrefrigerationunit,etc.)areconcentratedintheair

22、conditioner,airhandling,theducttoalltheairconditioning.Thiskindofair-conditioningsystemheatsourceandcoldsourceisconcentrated.Ithandlestheairquantity,reliableoperation,easytomanagementandmaintenance,butcomputerroomcoversanareaofbig.Twoandahalf,centralairconditioningsystem.Concentrationintheairconditi

23、oningroomairtreatmentequipment,onlydealwithpartoftheair,andinthescatteredtheair-conditionedroomintheandairtreatmentequipment.Theyorinindoorairforinsitutreatment,orontheairtreatmentequipmentfromcomplementtodealwith.Inductionsystem,fancoil+freshairsystemisthehalfthetypicalexampleofcentralair-condition

24、ingsystems.Three,localtypeairconditioningsystem.Thissystemiswillairtreatmentequipmentinairconditioningroomallscattered,solocaltypeairconditioningsystemcalleddistributedairconditioningsystem.Usuallyuseavarietyofairconditionerwillbelongtosuch.Airconditionerwillindoorairtreatmentequipment,indoorfanandc

25、oolingandheatsourcesandrefrigerantsoutputsystem,concentratedinaboxinvivo.Distributedonlytoindoorairconveyingcoldheatcarrier,andthewindsintheroomofthefantubeplateforprocessing.Accordingtothenewairisdividedinto:a,straightstreamingsystem.Alsocalledsmoke-expellingairconditioningsystem.Airconditionerproc

26、essingofairtoallthefreshair,toalltheroomintohotwetafterexchangealldischargedoutside,notbacktoduct.Thissystemhealthconditions,alotofenergy,economyispoor,usedtohaveharmfulgasproduceworkshop.LABS,etc.Second,closesystem.Airconditioningsystemtreatmentallairrecycling,notaddedthenewsystem.Systemenergyconsumptionissmall,poorsanitation,needtoairoxygenintheregenerationandhavecarbondioxidesuctionstyledevice.Asforanundergroundbuildingandsu