英語流利說懂你英語Level4-Unit3

1、懂你英語Level4Unit3Part1it3-1listening時間花費Lookatthese2piegraphs.Theyshowhowthese2peoplespendtheirdays,notincludingweekends.TheoneonthetopshowshowEmmadividesupherdays.Sheisadesignerwhoworksforacompany.AsEmmasgrpahshows,thebiggestportion部分ofherdayisspentworking.Sheworksanaverageof8hoursaday,whichisonethir

2、dofherday.Shegetsanaverageof6hourstosleepwhichis25%ofherday.ThatslesssleepthanMartingets.Accordingtohisgraph,hegetsanaverageof7hourstosleepwhichisabout29%ofhisday.Ontheotherhand,Martinewhoisengineer,worksmorehoursthanEmmadoes.Martineaverage9hoursadayatworkcomparetoEmmas8.Thats37.5%compareto33%.Other

3、factorsshowninthegraphincludedtimeformealsandcommutingtowork.Otheractivitiesincludegettingdressanddoinghouseholdchoressuchasdoinglaundryandpayingbills.Asyoucansee,forMartin,commutingistakingalargeamountofhistime.t just theIfhecouldreducehiscommutetime,hewillhavemoretimeforotherthings.AnditisnWhenthe

4、trafficisreallyheavyhiscommuteisstressful.Itwillbegreatifhecanworkfromhomeoneortwodaysaweek.Helifewillbemoreenjoyable.AndwelookatEmmasgraph,weseesheprobablyneedsmoresleep.Perhaps,sheshouldspendabitlesstimesocializingwithherfriends.Ontheotherhand,socializingwithherfriendissomethingshereallyvalues.Asf

5、orputtingonmakeup,sheisntwillingtochangethat.Forher,exercising,socializingandstayingbeautifulhelpherdealwiththestressfulwork.Inconclusion,EmmaandMartinbothwishthereweremorehoursinaday.Thisnextgraphshowshowvariousfactorscompareimportantto1350jobsapplicants.Applicantswerebetween20to25yearsago.Theywere

6、askedtolistwhichfactorsweremostimportantforagoodjob.Asthegraphshows,moneywasthemostimportantfactorfor25%oftheapplicants.However,otherfactorsarealsoimportant.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwastheworkenvironment.Inotherwords,formany,moneyiseverything.Peoplewanttolikewheretheywork.Infact,ifwecombineworkin

7、genvironmentandco-workers,thetotalis35%.Thisiswellabovethe25%forsalaryandbenefits.Takingtogether,theyaremoreimportantthansalaryandbenefits.Careerpathisalsoimportantespeciallyforyoungerapplicants.Theywanttoseethattheirjobhelpstobuildasuccessfulcareer.Forolderworkers,thismaynotbeasimportant.Olderworke

8、rsoftenputthehighervalueonthebalancebetweenlifeandwork.Whatdoyouthink.it3-1vocabulary領土、軍事、政治、政權狀態(tài)Thegovernmentofacountryisacontrolsystem.Governmentsmakelawsandprovideservicestotheircitizens.Thelandoverwhichagovernmenthascontrolled,isitsterritory/'t?r?t?ri/領土.Acountrysterritoryhbaosundaries/'

9、;ba?ndri/orborders.Whenyouleaveorenteracountrysterritory,youusuallyneedapassport.Theterritoryofacountryisdefinedbyitsboundaries.Acountrysmilitaprryovidesdefenseforitsterritoryanditscitizens.Themilitaryincludesanarmy,anairforceandanavy.Themainpurposeofamilitary,istodefendacountryfromattack.Acountrysc

10、riminaljusticesystemincludesthepolice,courtsandprisons.Itspurposeistoenforcethelawandprotectthepeoplefromcriminalactivities.Acountrysocialservicessystemprovidessupporttopeopleinneed.Itprovidesbasichealthcareservicesandhelpspoorpeoplesupporttheirchildren.Anarchy/'?n?ki/n.混亂;無政府狀態(tài);無秩序autocracy/?&#

11、39;takr?si/n.獨裁;獨裁統(tǒng)治；獨裁政府；獨裁政體Oligarchy/'d?gcrki/n.寡頭統(tǒng)治的政府；寡頭政治的執(zhí)政集團；寡頭統(tǒng)治的國家Astateofanarchyexitswhenacountryhasnoeffectivegovernment.Inanarchy,thereisnobodytomakedecisionsorenforcethelaws.Anautocracyisthesimplestformofgovernment.Inanautocracy,thegovernmentiscontrolledbysingleindividual,knownasau

12、tocrat.Whetherornotanautocracyissuccessful,dependsonthecharacterandabilityoftheleader.Inanoligarchy,asmallgroupofpeoplecontrolsthegovernment.Membershipinthisgroupoftendependsonfamilyconnection,wealthormilitarypower.Inarepublic,individualsareelectedtorepresentthecitizens.Thepowerofgovernmentinarepubl

13、icislimitedbyaconstitution.Aconstitutionisawrittendocumentthatmakestherulesforagovernmenttofollow.Thislimitsthepowerofagovernment.Aconstitutiondefinestherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentanditscitizens.it3-1dialogue談論工作Ihearyoulostyourjob,isthatright?Yes,thatsright.IqIuqiut.itbecausethewaymybosstreats

14、people.Whathappen.Iwasntfeelinggoodonedayandheyelledatme.WhileItoldhimnottoyellat對.吼叫me,hethreatenedme.Isthatall.Thatswhatbossesdo.Sure,sometimemaybe.ButmytreatedeveryonebadlyandIwastiredofit.Itwastheless*Thelaststr?t take it anymore.Yes,itreachedthepointwhereIcouldnIsee.Sonowyoudonthaveajob.Right,I

15、donthaveajob.But at least I donthavetodealwithmybossthing.Whatareyoutogdooinngow?Tobehonest,Imnotsure.butIllfinesomething.Illgetajobevenifitpayslessthanbefore.Areyousorryforyourquit.Yesandno.IguessIshouldhavefoundanotherjobfirstandthenquit.Whydidntyou.AsIsaid,hepushedmetoofar.Thereweresomethingsthat

16、Ijustwon'ttake.Whataboutyourwife.SheisnthappythatIdonthaveajobbutsheunderstands.SheknowsIhavetemper.AndsheknowsIwasnthappyworkingthere.Well,Igetsomeluck.Myjobisntgreat.butIlikethepeopleImworkingwithandIlikemymanageAreyouplanningtostaythere?Idontknow.Fornow,itsok.Butofcourseitalldependsonhowthing

17、schange.Wellifyouhearofanyjobopenings,letmeknow,OK.Sure,sendmeyourresumeandIllletpeopleknowyourelooking.Thanks.it3-2listenings grecaotnecset rt/'k cns? t/pianist.朗朗LangLangisoneoftheworldHisfirstcontactwithwesternmusicwaswhenhewasjust2yearsold.Hewatchedthecanton/'k?nt?n/inwhichacatplayedafam

18、ouspiecebyFranzLiszt弗朗茲李斯特（匈牙禾1作曲家）.Fromthisexperience,hedecidedhewantedtolearntoplaypiano.Whenhewas3andahalfyearsago,hestartedpianolessons.2yearslater,hewonfirstplaceinthepianocompetition.ThisearlysuccessgavehisfathergreathopethatLangLandwillbecametheworldgreatestpianist.WhenLangLangwas9yearsago,hi

19、sfatherquithisjobandtookhimtoBeijing.Theylefteverythingbehindincludinghismotherwhohadtowork.LangLangdidntwanttoleaveherbehindbuthisfatherinsisted.HisfatherwantedhimtostudyatfamousCentralConservatoryofMusic中央音樂學院.WhentheymovedtoBeijing,theyrentedaflatinapoorareaofthecity.Duringthistime,LangLangpracti

20、cedseveralhoursaday.Theystartedpracticingat5oclockwhichupsethisneighbors.Theywouldoftenpoundon敲打hisdoorandaskhimtostoppracticing.Theyweresoangrythatheoftenfearedthattheywouldbeathimup毒打.LangLangusuallyhadpianolessonsonceaweektopreparefortheconservatory/k?n's?v?t?ri/音樂學校.Nearly2000studentswereapp

21、lyingforjust12placesattheconservatory.Hislessonswereexpensiveandverydifficult,especiallybecauseofhispianoteacher.HismusicteacherdidntlikeLangLang.HecalledhisteacherprofessorAngrybecauseshealwaysgavehimahardtime.Oneafternoon,histeachertoldhimhehadnotalentandtoldhimtogohome.Hearingthenews,hisfatherscr

22、eamedandseemedtolosehismind.Hisfathertoldhimthateverythingwasdestroyedandtherewasnoreasontolive.HeorderedLangLangtojumpoff跳下來the11th-floorbalcony.Afterthis,LangLangalmostwentcrazy.Hedidntwanttoplaythepianoanymore.Forseveralmonths,heneitherplayedthepianonorspoketohisfather.Thensomefriendsencouragedhi

23、mtoplayapieceforthemandherealizedhisgreatloveofpiano.Forthenext19months,hepracticedhardandhisfatherencouragedhim.Finally,whenhewasten,hewasacceptedintotheConservatorywithafullscholarship.In1995,whenhewas13yearsold,heplayedmusicbyshow*atBeijingconcerthall.Inthatsameyear,hewonfirstplaceataninternation

24、alcompetitionforyoungmusiciansinJapan.Whenhewas15,hemovedtotheUnitedStatesandbegantostudywiththefamouspianistatCinstitute.Sincethen,hecareerhasgrownandhehasbecomeamajorstar.t enOneoftheAmericanmusiccriticscalledhimthebiggestmostexitingkeyoftalentIhavenmanyayearofattentionpianorecycles.In2010,LangLan

25、gsignedarecallingcontractforseveralmilliondollars.In2011,heperformedatwhitehouseforpresidentObamaofUnitedStatesandHuJintaoofChina.Withallofhissuccessandfame,LangLangtriestoencourageothers.Heuseshisfametospreadthepopularityofclassicmusicandencourageyoungmusicians.Andintheend,LangLangandhisfatherhaver

26、ebuilttheirrelationship.Inhisautobiography自傳,Mr.Langdedicatedthebooktohismotherandfather.it3-2vocabulary財務、地理Apersondebtishowmuchheorsheowestoothers.Debtcanbeintheformofmoney,productsandservicesowestosomeoneelse.Ifyouborrowmoney,theyweretakingonnewdebt.Anassetissomethingthathasvalue,suchasmoney,prop

27、ertyorevenanicepersonality.Assetscanbeusedtopayoffdebts.Specialized/'sp?'la?zd/knowledgeorskillsarealsoassetsthatcanbeusedtogetajoborearnmoney.Realestateispropertiessuchasland,housesandbuildings.Buying,sellingorrentingpropertyisthebusinessofrealestate.Buyingorsellingrealestateispopularforinv

28、estments.Inventoryisadetaillistofitemsinonepossession/p?'sz?n/.Inbusiness,onesinventoryisthesufpitpelmyosthatarereadyforsale.Ifastorerunsoutofthethingsforsale,itneedstoresupply再供應itsinventory.Aninvestmentisthepurchaseofassetswiththehopethatitsvaluewillincrease.Agoodinvestmentcanproduceincome,suc

29、hasrentincome.Ifthevalueofthatassetsfalls,theinvestmentwilllosemoney.Chinaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworldbylandarea.AmajorissueforChinaisthecontinuing持續(xù)的expansionofitsdessertswhichhadledtheduststormseachspring.Manyoftheworldmostpollutedcitiesarelocatedthere.AsiaisreferredtoasIndiansub-continent.

30、Itscalledthes-cuobntinent次大陸becauseitseparatedfromtherestofAsiabymountainsandsea.Itsoneofworldspoorestregionwithabout75%ofthepoorlivinginruralareas.EuropeiswesternneighborofAsia.ItssepardatferomAsiabyUralMountains烏拉爾whichextentfor1500milesinthenorthsouthdirectionfromtheAntarctic/?nt?arktWocean.ThePh

31、ilippinesistheonlycountryinAsiawithamajorityofChristians/'kr?st?n/.ThePhilippinesisanislandNationwithover7000islands.ItslocatedonthesouthChinasea.ThecountryscapitalcitMyaisnila馬尼拉.Asiaistheworldlargestcontinentcoveringabout30%oftheearthlandarea.SeveralislandnationsarealsoapartofAsia,includingJap

32、an.TheworldstallestmountainisinAsia,includinMgountEverest埃佛勒斯峰.it3-2dialogue談論投票選舉Hey,haveyoudecidedhowyouregoingtovo？teNot,Ihavent.Idontlikeanykindofcandidates.Soyouarentgoingtovote.Mu.Idontknow.Probablynot.Itseemslikeawasteoftime.Really,whydoyouthinkofawasteoftime？Haveyoulistenedtoanyoftheirspeech

33、es?Yes,IhaveandIagreethattheirspeechesarentverygood.Exactly.Icantbelieveanythingtheysay.Theyarejustsayingwhattheythinkwewanttohear.Sure,youwanttogetelected.Iadmitthatthesystemisntperfectandit.salwayshaveWhetherIvoteornotwontmakeadifference.Itsalltheshow.Well,Ithinkyoushouldvote.Doalittleresearchabou

34、tthecandidates.Haveyou?Yes,Ihave.Ihavelookedintotheirbackgroundsandtheireducation.Howcanthathelp?Forexample,iftheyknowsomethingaboutscience,itcouldhelpthegovernmentmakeabetterdecisionaboutissuessuchasclimatechange.Yes,thatsgoodpoint.Weneed-ewdeulclatedpeoplemakedecisions.AndIlooktoseewhatkindofpeopl

35、earesupportingthem.Whatissuesdoyouthinkaremostimportant?Iguessforme,pollution,housingandtaxesareimportant.Iwanttoknowhowgovernmentplanstodealwiththeseissues.Yes,Iagreewithyou.MaybeIwillvote,especiallyifwecouldgettogetherandtalkmoreaboutit.Whataboutdinnertomorrownight?Sorry,Imbusytomorrownight.Oh,tha

36、tstoobad.Doyouhaveanytimeinthenextfewdays?Iwilltakeyoutoanicerestaurant.Actually,Imquitebusy.ButImayhavetimeSundayafternoon.Wecanhuanvcehlsomeoneneartheoffice.Sure,thatwasforme.IwillgiveyouacallonSaturdayandwecandecidethedetails,ok?OK,Iwillbelookingforwardtoseeingwhichcandidateyousupport.L4Unit3-3li

37、stening蜜蜂、蜂農與環(huán)境Honeybeesplayaninterestingandimportantroleinnature.Inadditionaltomakinghoney,honeybeeshelpmanyplantsreproduce.Theydothisbypollinatingtheplantwhichmeanstotransferpollen.Pollination授粉occurswhenpollen/'pd?n/花粉ismovedwithinaplant'sfloweeOrtcanotherflower.Thisishowtheplantreproduce

38、.Forreproductiontosucceed,thepollenmustbetransferredfromthemalepartoftheflowertothefemalepart.Manyplantsdependonthepollenforreproduction.Thisincludedmanyfruitsandvegetables.Besidehoneybees,therearemanyotherpollinatorsincludingbirds,insectsandotherkindofbees.Withoutenoughpollinators,manyofourfavorite

39、fruitsandvegetablewillbecomemoreexpensiveandhardtofind.Thisincludedalmondsandcherries.Honeybeeareimportantpollinatorsandplayanimportantroleinagriculture.Beekeepersarepeoplewhokeephoneybees.Inadditiontocollectinghoney,somebeekeepersprovidepollinationservicesforfarmers.Theydothisbyraisingandmanagingco

40、lonies殖民地ofbees.Farmersneedcoloniestopollinatetheircrops.Beekeeperscanprovideandmanageofbeecoloniestofarmers.Honeybeesaresocialinsectsthatliveincolonies.Abeecolonyconsistsofaqueenbee,maledrones雄蜂andthousandsofmaleworkerbees.Eachcolonyalsocontainseggsandimmature未成熟的beesinvariousstageofdevelopment.The

41、numberofbeeswithinacolonydependsontheseasonalchanges.Acolonyspopulationincreasesduringthewarmseasonanddecreasesduringtheldceorseason.Inrecentyear,manybeecolonieshavecollapsedordisappeared.Abeecolonycollapsesoccurswhenamajorityofbeeincolonydisappearandleavebehindthequeen.Somebeekeepershavereportedlos

42、ing30to90%oftheircolonies.Thislossofbeecoloniescancausesignificantproblemsforfarmerswhodependonthemtopollinatetheircrops.Insomepartsoftheworld,ashortageofbeeshasincreasedthecostofrentingbeesbyupto20%.Thereareseveralpossiblecausesforbeecolonycollapse.Onepossiblecollapseistheuseofnewpesticides農藥.Other

43、possiblecausesincludeinfectionsfromviruses,geneticfactors遺傳因素andmalnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）.Changingweatherpatternsmayalsoplayaroleassummersgethotterandwintersgetcolder.Thesechangesinweathermayweakenthebees,makingitmoredifficultforthemtofightinfections.Whateverthecausesofcolonycollapse,itimsportanttoundersta

44、ndthatmanypartsofourworldareinterdependent.Changesthateffectononespeciesmayhaveseriouseffectsonotherspecies.Achangetoourenvironment,canstartachainofeventthatisdifficulttopredict.Inanycomplexsystemsuchastheearthenvironment,smallchangescancauseaunconsequences.Thedangerofunconsequencesissomethingthatwe

45、allneedtounderstandbetter.L4Unit3-3vocabulary商品、服務和工作Goodsandservicessupplywhatpeopleneedorwant.Goodsarethingssuchfoodandclothing.Servicesincludedthingssuchashealthcareandpoliceprotection.Acountryneedsnaturalandhumanresources.Naturalresourcesincludefreshwatersupplies,farmlandandenergysourcessuchasoi

46、landwind.Humanresourcesincludesaskilledworkforcethatcanproducegoodsandservices.Oncewehadsuppliesofgoodsandservices,theyneedtodistributethroughoutthecountry.Highwaysandrailwaysarebothwaytotransportthingfromonepartofcountrytoanother.Electricityaredistributedthroughasystemoftransmitionlines.Weliveinana

47、geofadvertising.Advertisingletspeopleknowaboutgoodsandservices.Iteducatespeopleaboutaproductbeingadvertised.Tradeallowsfortheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweendifferentcountries.Exportsaregoodsandservicesthataresoldtoanothercountry.Importsaregoodsandservicesthatarebroughtfromothercountry.Forexample,m

48、anycountriesimportoilfromcountriessuchasSaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯.Employeesarethepeoplewhoworkforacompany.Someemployeesdobasicworksuchasoperatingamachineordrivingatrack.Peoplewhohireanddirecttheworkofotheraremanagers.Interviewisonewaytofindoutaboutapersonwhoappliesforajob.Inaninterview,theapplicantscanaskque

49、stionaboutacompanyandcompanycanfindoutaboutapersonsskillsandexperience.Anentrepreneurissomeonewhostartsacompany.Entrepreneursoftenhavenewideasandwaysofdoingthingsthatcangivecompanyadvantage.Salaryandbenefitsareusedtoattractnewemployeesintoacompany.Ifthesalaryandbenefitsaregoodenough,employeesmaytake

50、ajobandstaywiththecompany.Benefitsincludesvacationtime,healthinsuranceandbonusesforemployeeswhodoagoodjob.Whenapplyforjob,itsimportanttohaveskillsandexperienceneethdeedjofbo.rDevelopingandincreasingskillsandexperienceisgoodwaytoprepareforajob.Eachjobapersonhasisanopportunitytolearnnewthingsanddevelo

51、pnewskills.Advertisestrytoincreasetothedemandforaproductorservice.EducationandtrainingarewaystodevelopaskilledworkforceunforeseenL4Unit3-3dialogue談論租房與房東Youdontlookogod,issomethingbotheringyou？Yes,itslamndylord房東.Oh,isitsomethingwrongwithyourflat.No,thatsnotsomethingwrongwiththeflBatu.tImgoingtohave

52、tomoveout.Whydidyouhavetomoveout?Forthelast2month,afriendhasbeenstayingwithme.Shestayeduntilshecouldfindajob.Thatsniceofyou.Yes,butImnotsupposedtohaveanyonestayingthere.Wasthatintherentalagreement？Yes,itwas.Itsokifafriendstaayfeswfodraysbutnotformorethanthat.Soyoubroketheagreementeventhoughitwasfora

53、goodreason.Anyway,oneofmyneighborstoldthelandlordsaboutmyfriend.SonowIndlomrdinistraonugbrlye.aTnhdelasaysshecanttrustme.Thatsridiculous.ItoldheraboutmyfriendandhowImtryingtohelpher,butshedoesntcare.Wow,shedoesntsoundverynice.Thatsright,sheisntnice.Shesjustinterestedinmongeoyi.nIgntfoackte,esphemisy

54、securitydeposit押金.Howcanshedothat？Nothingisdamaged,right.Right,everythingintheflatisfine.SheskeepingthedepositbecauseIbroketherentalagreement.Whataboutyourrent？Yes,thatsanotherproblem.Ialready3pmaoynthsrentsoIhopeIcangetitback.Whatcanyoudoifshedoesn？treturnitIdontknow.Itoldtomyagent.Hesniceandmaybeh

55、ecanhelp.MaybeIshouldrefusetoleavetheflatuntilIgetitback.Besuretotakepictureofyourflat.Whatfor?Justtoshowtheconditionofyourflat.Thenshecantsayyourfrienddamageditanyway.Goodidea.Shesa-smminadlled心胸狹窄的,evilwoman.Ishouldneverhaverenteditfromherinthefirstplace.L4Unit3-4listening職業(yè)Whatkindofcareeristhebe

56、standwhatkindofqualification?Oneofmostpopularcareersforkidsisthetobecomeanastronaut.Manykidsdreamofgoingspacewhentheygrowup.Theydreamofworkonaspacestationorexploringdeepspace.To become an astronaut, itrtantstiomhhpaove the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or

57、 medicine. Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft. As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars.However, most of musician or actor don t become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few have lots of money.So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless thats your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It s