HealthPromotingSchoolHintsforPrevention健康促進學(xué)校防

1、Professor Albert LeeDirector of Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion Professor (Head of Family Medicine) Department of Community and Family Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHonorary Consultant of Family Medicine李大拔教授李大拔教授香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院健康教育及促進健康中心主任香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院健康教育及促進健康中心主任香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院社區(qū)及

2、家庭醫(yī)學(xué)系教授香港中文大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院社區(qū)及家庭醫(yī)學(xué)系教授 (家庭醫(yī)學(xué)主管家庭醫(yī)學(xué)主管)家庭醫(yī)學(xué)榮譽顧問家庭醫(yī)學(xué)榮譽顧問 課程改革有哪七個學(xué)習(xí)宗旨？課程改革有哪七個學(xué)習(xí)宗旨？其中包括- 健康生活方式- 責(zé)任感資料來源：課程發(fā)展處教育統(tǒng)籌局w Health Status Learning Outcomes 健康狀況健康狀況 學(xué)習(xí)成效學(xué)習(xí)成效w Both health and education are linked to the economic performance and social cohesion of modern industrialized societyw 在現(xiàn)代化的城市裏，在現(xiàn)代

3、化的城市裏，健康健康及及教育教育均與均與經(jīng)濟成就經(jīng)濟成就和和社會團結(jié)社會團結(jié)有莫大關(guān)係有莫大關(guān)係 (WHO, 1997; Ziglio, 1997; Lavin et al., 1992; World Bank, 1993; WHO, 1995)配合課程改革w Enable students to develop healthy living model 確立學(xué)生的健康生活模式確立學(xué)生的健康生活模式w Promote self esteem 提升自信提升自信w Cultivate correct values and concepts of life 培養(yǎng)正確的價值觀培養(yǎng)正確的價值觀w Str

4、engthen the implementation of preventive medicine 加強預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的實踐與推行加強預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的實踐與推行w Empower the concept and skills of self help and self care. 增加自我照護的概念及技巧增加自我照護的概念及技巧w There has not been any new case of SARS reported in Hong Kong since June 2003 but we have to prepare on the assumption that this will retur

5、n.w 自從2003年6月，本港雖再沒有SARS新癥，然而我們須嚴(yán)陣以待，假設(shè)它會回來。Timely issue: will SARS come back?最新話題SARS會回來嗎？Related websites 相關(guān)網(wǎng)站nChecklist of measures to combat SARS .hk/gia/general/200309/22.hk/info/sars/e_/csr/sars/en/index.html 構(gòu)成傳染病的 三種 要素傳染原(Inf

6、ections Agent) 傳染途徑(Mode of spread) 易受病者 (Susceptible host )切斷切斷 這三種要素之間任何二者的關(guān)係，便能控制傳染病的傳播Infectious prevention and control in school學(xué)校傳染病預(yù)防及控制的方法學(xué)校傳染病預(yù)防及控制的方法 Norwalk-like Virusesw In developed countries, acute diarrheal illness remains an important cause of morbidity among both children and adults

7、w 在已發(fā)展的國家，由急性肚瀉帶來的身體不適是引致兒童和成人發(fā)病的主要因素w Two distinct groups of viruses the rotaviruses and the enteric caliciviruses, such as Norwalk virus as well as a variety of bacterial pathogens have emerged as important etiologic agents of gastroenteritisw 包括兩類明顯的病毒 1) 輪狀病毒和 2) Enteric caliciviruses,例如：諾沃克病毒諾沃

8、克病毒 和不同種類的細(xì)菌病原體皆顯露出是腸胃炎的主要致病原w Rotavirus infection occurs worldwidew By the age of 3 years, virtually every individual has been infected by rotaviruses at least oncew 輪狀病毒感染可以是全球性發(fā)生w 由三歲開始,事實上每個人皆有致少感染過一次輪狀病毒的可能性w In areas with a temperate climate, rotavirus infection is seasonal, occurring in the c

9、ooler winter monthsw 於溫帶地區(qū)，輪狀病毒感染是季節(jié)性發(fā)生，和多出現(xiàn)於較寒冷的冬季w The majority of rotavirus infections are subclinical or cause mild gastrointestinal illness that do not require hospitalizationw The onset of illness is usually abruptw 大多數(shù)的輪狀病毒感染都沒有臨床癥狀，或會引致溫和的腸胃炎不適，而不需要住院治療w 通常是突發(fā)性病發(fā)w More than 80 percent of aff

10、ected children develop vomiting followed by diarrheaw About one-third of hospitalized children have a temperature of greater than 39C (102.2F)w 多過八成的受感染兒童會出現(xiàn)嘔吐過後接著是肚瀉的癥狀w 大概有三分之一的住院兒童會出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒大過39C (102.2F)的情況w Gastrointestinal symptoms usually last between 2 and 6 daysw Immunity is not completew 腸胃炎癥狀一

11、般維持 2至6日w 暫時未有疫苗注射w Norwalk infection occurs year-round and is commonw More than 70 percent of adults in both developed and less developed countries have antibodies to this virusw 諾沃克病毒諾沃克病毒感染是普遍和每年皆發(fā)生w 於已發(fā)展和將近發(fā)展的國家中，多過七成的成人對此病毒已有抗體w Antibody acquisition occurs at a younger age among children in les

12、s developed countries than among those in developed areasw 於將近發(fā)展國家的年幼兒童比起已發(fā)展國家的年幼兒童較容易產(chǎn)生抗體w Norwalk virus is spread by the fecal-oral routew In developed countries, the virus is responsible for one-third of all epidemics of nonbacterial gastroenteritisw 諾沃克病毒諾沃克病毒的傳播媒介是經(jīng)口或糞便w 在已發(fā)展國家中，此病毒佔有全部非細(xì)菌性腸胃炎爆

13、發(fā)的三分之一w The virus is a common cause of waterborne epidemics of gastroenteritis and has been shown to be the etiologic agent in nursing home, cruise ship, and institutional (summer camp and school) outbreaksw 此病毒正是導(dǎo)致經(jīng)由飲水而感染腸胃炎的主要原因w 而且，當(dāng)腸胃炎發(fā)生在家居護理、遊輪及公共團體時(如夏令營和學(xué)校) ，皆顯示出此病毒便是致病原w Norwalk illness has

14、an incubation period of between 18 and 72 h.w Disease is characterized by the abrupt onset of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and/or diarrheaw 諾沃克病毒疾病諾沃克病毒疾病的潛伏期為 18至72小時w 其發(fā)病的特色主要是突發(fā)性的作嘔、腹痛、接著是嘔吐和/或肚瀉w Vomiting is reported more frequently for children than for adultsw Low-grade fev

15、er above 37.5C (99.5F) develops in about half of affected individualsw 報告指出，兒童出現(xiàn)嘔吐的情況比成人多w 低溫發(fā)燒 大概37.5C (99.5F)出現(xiàn)於過半數(shù)的受感染者w Headache, myalgias, and abdominal pain are commonw The illness is usually mild and self-limited, lasting 24 to 48 h.w 一般癥狀包括：頭痛、肌痛和腹痛w 此疾病通常是溫和和自限的，維持24至48小時w Most people do no

16、t develop long-term resistancew 多數(shù)人沒有產(chǎn)生長期抗性Reference 相關(guān)資訊衛(wèi)生署熱線衛(wèi)生署熱線2961 8966教統(tǒng)局預(yù)防傳染病在學(xué)校擴散.hk/circular/data/embcm/EMBCM03310C.pdf衛(wèi)生署：預(yù)防病毒性腸胃炎.hk/mailattach/SchoolGE_C.pdf衛(wèi)生署：學(xué)校預(yù)防傳染病指引.hk/dh/diseases/guide-c.htm衛(wèi)生署：病毒性腸胃炎討論會簡報.hk/EDN

17、EWHP/resource/viral_gastroenteritis/Chinese/download/vgs.ppt衛(wèi)生署：諾沃克類病毒感染.hk/dh/diseases/CD/Norwalkc.htm衛(wèi)生署：預(yù)防傳染病資訊集.hk/dh/diseases/CD/CD_indexc.html食環(huán)署：諾沃克類病毒知多少？.hk/safefood/library/norwalk/norwalkc.htmlReference 相關(guān)資訊Health Promotion (by WHO)世界衛(wèi)

18、生組織將健康促進定義為世界衛(wèi)生組織將健康促進定義為w The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health增強人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力增強人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力w To ensure sustained positive changes 確保能持續(xù)地作出正面的改善確保能持續(xù)地作出正面的改善w To address the interwined social, educational, psychological, and health needs of school children 配合學(xué)童在社會、教育、心理和健康上的多種需要配合學(xué)童在社會、教育、心理和健康上的多種需要Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme香港健康學(xué)校獎勵計劃The Hong Kong Subsidized Secondary Schools Council香港津貼中學(xué)議會the Subsidized Primary Schools Council津貼小學(xué)議會World Health Org