《社會研究方法》艾爾巴比英文pptch

1、2021/4/11Chapter 9 Survey Research2021/4/12Chapter OutlineIntroductionTopics Appropriate to Survey ResearchGuidelines for Asking QuestionsQuestionnaire ConstructionSelf-administered QuestionnairesInterview Surveys2021/4/13Chapter OutlineTelephone SurveysNew Technologies and Survey ResearchComparison

2、 of the Different Survey MethodsStrengths and Weaknesses of Survey ResearchSecondary Analysis2021/4/14Topics Appropriate to Survey ResearchDescriptiveExploratoryExplanatory2021/4/15RespondentPerson who provides data for analysis by responding to a survey questionnaire.2021/4/16Questionnaire Instrume

3、nt designed to elicit information that will be useful for analysis.2021/4/17When is survey research the best method available?when collecting original datawhen describing a population too large to observe directlywhen measuring attitudesA.all of these choicesQuestion2021/4/18Answer: DSurvey research

4、 is the best method available when collecting original data, when describing a population too large to observe directly and when measuring attitudes.2021/4/19Types of QuestionsOpen-ended questionsRespondent is asked to provide his or her own answer to the question.Closed-ended questionsRespondent is

5、 asked to select an answer from among a list provided by the researcher.2021/4/110Questions_ questions have a respondent select an answer from among a list provided.open-endedpretestexperimentalA.closed-ended2021/4/111Answer: D Closed-ended questions have a respondent select an answer from among a l

6、ist provided.2021/4/112Guidelines for Asking QuestionsChoose appropriate question forms.Make items clear.Avoid double-barreled questions.Respondents must be competent to answer.2021/4/113Guidelines for Asking QuestionsRespondents must be willing to answer.Questions should be relevant.Short items are

7、 best.Avoid negative items.Avoid biased items and terms.2021/4/114Guidelines for Questionnaire ConstructionOne question per line.Use contingency questions when necessary.Format matrix questions so they are easily answered.2021/4/115Guidelines for Questionnaire ConstructionBe aware of issues with ord

8、ering items.Include instructions for the questionnaire.Pretest all or part of the questionnaire.2021/4/116QuestionAs a general rule, a questionnaire should be:spread outunclutteredrelevantA.all of these choices2021/4/117Answer: DAs a general rule, a questionnaire should be spread out, uncluttered an

9、d relevant.2021/4/118BiasRefers to any property of questions that encourages respondents to answer in a particular way.2021/4/119WordingKenneth Rasinski analyzed the results of General Social Survey studies of attitudes toward government spending.He found the way programs were identified impacted th

10、eir support.2021/4/120WordingMore SupportLess SupportAssistance to the poorWelfareHalting rising crime rateLaw enforcementDealing with drug addictionDrug rehabilitationImproving conditions of blacksAssistance to blacksProtecting social securitySocial security2021/4/121Circling the Answer2021/4/122Co

11、ntingency QuestionSurvey question intended only for some respondents, determined by their response to some other questions.2021/4/123Contingency Question Format2021/4/124Contingency Table2021/4/125Questions to Skip2021/4/126Matrix Question Format2021/4/127Response RateNumber of people participating

12、in a survey divided by the number selected in the sample.2021/4/128InterviewA data-collection encounter in which one person (an interviewer) asks questions of another (a respondent). ProbeA request for elaboration.2021/4/129Acceptable Response Rates50% - adequate for analysis and reporting60% - good

13、70% - very good2021/4/130QuestionRead the following item and then answer the question that follows:The main cause of highway accidents is speeding by truckers. Dont you agree that the use of radar detectors by truckers should be made illegal?yesnot sureA.no2021/4/131QuestionWhat is the major weaknes

14、s with the previous question? It is socially desirable.It is too long.It is biased.It is double-barreled.A.It is not clear.2021/4/132Answer: CThe major weakness with the following question is that it is biased. The main cause of highway accidents is speeding by truckers. Dont you agree that the use

15、of radar detectors by truckers should be made illegal?2021/4/133Guidelines for Survey InterviewingDress in a similar manner to the people who will be interviewed.Study and become familiar with the questionnaire.Follow question wording exactly.Record responses exactly.Probe for responses when necessa

16、ry.2021/4/134Training for InterviewersDiscussion of general guidelines and procedures.Specify how to handle difficult or confusing situations.Conduct demonstration interviews.Conduct “real” interviews.2021/4/135Telephone SurveysAdvantages:Money and time.Control over data collection.Disadvantages:Sur

17、veys that are really ad campaigns.Answering machines.2021/4/136New Technologies and Survey ResearchCAPI - computer assisted personal interviewing.CASI - computer assisted self interviewing.CSAQ - computerized self-administered questionnaires.TDE - touchtone data entry.VR - voice recognition.2021/4/1

18、37QuestionWhich of these are among the many advantages that underlie the growing popularity of telephone surveys?moneytimeconvenienceall of these choicesA.none of these choices2021/4/138Answer: DMoney, time and convenience are among the many advantages that underlie the growing popularity of telepho

19、ne surveys.2021/4/139Strengths of Survey ResearchUseful in describing the characteristics of a large population.Make large samples feasible.Flexible - many questions can be asked on a given topic.2021/4/140Weaknesses of Survey ResearchCan seldom deal with the context of social life.Inflexible in som

20、e ways.Subject to artificiality.Weak on validity.2021/4/141Secondary AnalysisA form of research in which the data collected and processed by one researcher are reanalyzedoften for a different purposeby another. This is especially appropriate in the case of survey data.Data archives are repositories

21、or libraries for the storage and distribution of data for secondary analysis.2021/4/142Quick Quiz2021/4/1431. A_ is an instrument specifically designed to elicit information that will be useful for analysis.questionnairestatementqueryA.none of these choices2021/4/144Answer: AA questionnaire is an in

22、strument specifically designed to elicit information that will be useful for analysis.2021/4/1452. A _is a survey question intended for only some respondents, determined by their responses to some other question.snowball questioncontingency questionpurposive questionA.regressive question2021/4/146Ans