2016外研社杯全國英語閱讀大賽樣題

1、2016“外研社杯”全國英語閱讀大賽樣題PartIReadandKnowInPartI,youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.(Timeallowed:22minutes)Questions1-3(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequotesontheleftwiththepeopleontheright.Pleasenotetherearetw

2、oextraoptionsyoudonotneedtouse.A.JohnLockeB.ArchimedesC.AristotleD.ImmanuelKantE.SteveJobs1 .Givemealeverlongenoughandafulcrumonwhichtoplaceit,andIshallmovetheworld.2 .Moralityisnotthedoctrineofhowwemaymakeourselveshappy,buthowwemaymakeourselvesworthyofhappiness.3 .Youcan'tconnectthedotslookingf

3、orward;youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Questions4(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.In

4、short,weneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.4. Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?A.anadvertisementB.aninstructionbookletC.astoryD.anewspaperQuestions5(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothe

5、text.Fewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.5. Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A. ThefutureoftourismB. Theroleoftour

6、ismC. ThepriceoftourismD. ThebenefitsoftourismQuestions6(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Buyingandsellinganythingisyourfortenow.Ifyouvisitajumbleorcar-bootsaleorthelike,aromanticencounterismorethanprobable!Newslinkedtothefamilyisbrillian

7、t!6. Whattypeoftextisthis?A. Apersonaladvertisement.B. Apersonalhoroscope.C. Afriend'sletterofadvice.D. Awrittenwarning.Questions7(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveand

8、findwe'vefailedtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyourarrival.We'llspend24hoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikelyeventthatwecan'resolveyourproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,we'lflyyouhomeandgiveyourmoneyback.7. Thetextcouldbestbedescr

9、ibedas.A. acommitmentB. anappealC. awarningD. avowQuestions8(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyourpicturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyou'renotsatisfi

10、ed.Butremember,adigitalcameraisjustacomputerXXXX.It'nstareplacementforyourordinarycamera.8. Whatisthemeaningofthemissingword(XXXX)inthetext?A. ”somethingthatispoorquality”B. ”anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra”C. ”somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney”D. ”afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular”

11、Questions9(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMother'strainarriving,evenifth

12、etrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.9. Whatcanyousayabouttheirmotherrain?'stA. Itwouldprobablybeearly.B. Itwouldprobablybeontime.C. Itwouldprobablybelate.D. Ithadbeencancelled.Question10(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeoplei

13、nthedevelopingregions,from1990?1992to2014?2016.Answerthequestionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.Numberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,frarr1990-1992to20142016PercentgElP2OOi1POCC-8CC-6CC-4CC-233940902-20-15-IOMillions2CC-OLeft自xis:rijmberofurdernourishedpeople-Rightaxis

14、:proportionofjndernourishedpeopleARightanis：2015targetSource：TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG)Report201510.ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.A.Currentestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeatbetween2014and2016.B.Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisnearlyreache

15、d,with12.9percentofC.D.undernourishedpopulation.Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.PartIIReadandReasonInPartII,youwillreadshorttextsondifferents

16、ubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.(Timeallowed:38minutes)Question11-12(Suggestedcompletiontime:10minutes)Directions:Readthedefinitionsoftwotypesoflogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothedefinitions.PoisoningtheWellPoisoningthewellisar

17、hetoricaltechniqueandlogicalfallacywhereadverseinformationaboutatargetispreemptivelypresentedtoanaudience,withtheintentionofdiscreditingorridiculingeverythingthatthetargetpersonisabouttosay.Itusestheassociationofnegativeemotionstodistractasubjectfromactualevidenceinanargument.11. Whichofthefollowing

18、providesatypicalexampleofpoisoningthewell?A. That'mystanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.B. Youaresoweird.Thatmeansweareprettymuchsurethatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.C. GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.D. Idon

19、9;tcarewhatyousay.Wedon'tneedanymorebookshelves.Aslongasthecarpetisclean,wearefine.FalseDilemmaAfalsedilemmaariseswhenweallowourselvestobeconvincedthatwehavetochoosebetweentwoandonlytwomutuallyexclusiveoptions,whenthatisuntrue.Generally,whenthisrhetoricalstrategyisused,oneoftheoptionsisunaccepta

20、bleandrepulsive,whiletheotheristheonethemanipulatorwantsustochoose.Whoeversuccumbstothistraphasthusmadeachoicethatisforced,andassuch,oflittlevalue.12. Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofafalsedilemma?A. Smokingisharmfultohealth,soyouaresupposedtoquitsmoking.B. Ifthegovernmentdoesn'tredu

21、cepublicspending,oureconomywillcollapse.C. Youmayaswellavoidovereating,orelseyoumightbeobeseinnotime.D. Youaretheworstoftheclassmates;therefore,whatyousayisincredible.Questions13(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutsyllogism.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbased

22、ontheprinciplesofsyllogism.Syllogismisakindoflogicalargumentthatappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveataconclusionbasedontwoormorepropositionsthatareassertedorassumedtobetrue.Itisperhapstodaymostcommonlyacceptedformoflogicalreasoninginaptitudetests.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofsyllogismsiselucidatedinafrequ

23、entlyusedexample:Premise1:Allmenaremortal.Premise2:Socratesisaman.Conclusion:Socratesismortal.NowpracticesyllogismsforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesn'tnecessarilyrepresentthe."truth"always13. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:Allhumanactionisconditionedbyci

24、rcumstances.Premise2:Allhumanactioninvolvesmorality.Conclusion:Allthatinvolvesmoralityisconditionedbycircumstances.Questions14(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutcontraposition.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofcontraposition.Inlogic,contrap

25、ositionisalawthatsaysthataconditionalstatementislogicallyequivalenttoitscontrapositive.Thecontrapositiveofthestatementhasitsantecedentandconsequentinvertedandflipped.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofcontrapositioniselucidatedinthefollowingexample:Premise1:Ifitisraining,thentherearecloudsinthesky.Premise2:Th

26、erearenocloudsinthesky.Conclusion:Itisnotraining.NowpracticecontrapositionforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesn'tnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth"always.14. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:IfheisnotanAmerican,heisnotfromTexas.Premise2:HeisfromTexas.Conclusion:Heisan

27、American.Questions15-17(Suggestedcompletiontime:6minutes)Directions:Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.happened.But15ManipulatingMemoryMemoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatneverevenRecently,however,scie

28、ntistshavestartedtograspandtinkerwithmemorybasis.Last'sphysicalyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchasEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindandInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesinmiceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimalsbrainsbyzappingthemwithbeam

29、soflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,theyshowedthattheycoulddeleteexistingmemoriesand“incept"falseones.Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurther:switchingtheemotionalcontentofamemoryinmicefrombadtogoodandviceversa.Underthelaser,forexample,malemicethathadonceassociatedacertainroomwithbeingshockedweret

30、rickedintoactingasthoughtheyhadoncemetfriendlyfemalemicethereinstead.Whetherthemiceintheseexperimentsactuallyexperiencedvividfalsememoriesorjustafuzzysenseofpleasureorfearisunclear.Norisitclearwhetherthefindingsapplytothetricksofmemorysofamiliartopeople.Long-soughttherapeuticadvances,suchastreatment

31、sforpost-traumaticstressdisorder,couldremainfaroff.Onethingiscertain,however:Onceconsideredbeyondscientificdissection,memoryisfinallystartingtoyielditssecrets.15. Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A.whatisreallyhappeninginourbrainasmemoriesareremodeledremainsmysteriousB.scienti

32、stsarecuriousaboutwhypeopleareoblivioustowhathavehappenedtothemC.advancedtechnologyhashelpedscientistsdiscovertheworkingsofourbrainD.somescientistsarguethatwhatweobserveabouthumanmemoryisnotwhatitreallyis16. ThewordinCept"isclosestinmeaningto.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Whichofthefo

33、llowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A. People'sfalsememoriesresultormtheimpactofdifferentemotionprovokedbylaterexperienceonthesamespot.B. Thesuccessinresearchindicatesthatitwon'tbelongthatatherapyisworkedoutforpeopledisturbedbypainfulmemory.C. Byzappingthebraincellsofmicewithlight,researchers

34、areabletocreate,erase,oraltertheirmemories,goodorbad.D. Manyfancyideasinsciencefictionsormoviesthatarebasedonthemactuallydrawgreatlyuponscientificachievement.Questions18-19(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageaboutcholera.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordi

35、ngtothepassage.AchildreceivestheoralcholeravaccineShancholCholeraiscausedbyabacterialinfectionoftheintestine.Approximatelyonein20peopleinfectedwithcholerahasaseriouscase,withsymptomsincludingseverediarrhea,vomiting,andlegcramps.Thesesymptomsquicklycausedehydrationandshock,andcanresultindeathwithinho

36、ursiftheinfectedpersondoesn'receivetreatment.Choleraistypicallytransmittedbycontaminatedfoodorwater.Inareaswithpoortreatmentofsewageanddrinkingwater,thefecesofpeoplewithcholeracanenterthewatersupplyandspreadquickly,resultinginanepidemic.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentinsomecoastal

37、waters,soshellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofcholerainaffectedareas.18. Choleraisknowntobealife-threateningdiseasewhicheasilycausesdeathofmostofthepatients.True()False()19. Choleratypicallyoccursinareasneartheseaortheriverwherecontaminatedfoodisamajorsourceofthedisease.True()False()Questions20-21(Suggest

38、edcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:ReadtheabstractofaresearchpaperfromtheDeepMindwebsite.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtotheabstract.CDeepMindWHOWiAREmissionworkwithuspresspubucationsOURMISSIONWecombinethebesttechniquesfrommachinelearningandsystemsneurosciencetobuildpowerfulgene

39、ral-purposelearningalgorithms.TeachingMachinestoReadandComprehendAuthors:K.M.Hermann,T.Ko?isky,E.Grefenstette,L.Espeholt,W.Kay,M.Suleyman,PBlunsomPublished:NIPS2015Abstract:Teachingmachinestoreadnaturallanguagedocumentsremainsanelusivechallenge.Machinereadingsystemscanbetestedontheirabilitytoanswerq

40、uestionsposedonthecontentsofdocumentsthattheyhaveseen,butuntilnowlargescaletrainingandtestdatasetshavebeenmissingforthistypeofevaluation.Inthisworkwedefineanewmethodologythatresolvesthisbottleneckandprovideslargescalesupervisedreadingcomprehensiondata.Thisallowsustodevelopaclassofattentionbaseddeepn

41、euralnetworksthatlearntoreadrealdocumentsandanswercomplexquestionswithminimalpriorknowledgeoflanguagestructure.20. Previousstudiesdidn'takeconstantefforttoevaluatethereadingabilityofartificialintelligencemachines,whichwaswhythepresentresearchwasconducted.True()False()21. Oneimplicationoftheresea

42、rchisthatamethodologythathelpsgatherandhandlebigdataisindispensibletoartificialintelligencerelatedstudies.True()False()Questions22-23(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutthe“Thinksmall"advertisingcampaign.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassage.ThinkSmallCOUHTSffT-ODV

43、?U.YORKIfyou'rinterestedinmarketingandadvertising,Volkswagen“Thinksmall"campaignfortheBeetlewhenitwasfirstintroducedtoNorthAmericain1959loomslargeasoneofthegreatestadvertisingcampaignsofalltime.Itwasn'tustarevolutioninautomotiveadvertising;itchangedtheentireindustry.UntiltheBeetlehitthe

44、market,automotivemarketingcopywasfullofbluster,andtheimageswereflightsoffancy,emphasizinglow,longlinesandafantasylifestyle.Theclean,simplephotographyonawhitebackgroundthatemphasizedtheBeetlescompact,practicalformmayseemcommonplacethesedays,butitwasarevolutioninaworldwhereAmericansgrewupobsessedwithm

45、usclecars,horsepower,andtiresmoke.Makingthecarsmall,whentheconventionwastomakeitfillthepage,wasalsonovel.Thesimplisticapproachtodesignandlayoutwastotallycontrarytotheadvertisingconventionsofthetime._22_Thetextwasminimalistinbothlookandcontent,presentingthefactssimplyinsteadoftryingtoweavetalltalesan

46、dfantasies;andinsteadofbluster,itusheredinanintelligentsenseofhumorthatmadereadersfeelliketheywereinonthejoke.Themessagewasoneofsmartanti-luxury,andtookgentleaimatanindustryobsessedwithsuperficialityandstyling,ratherthanthesubstanceunderneaththecarbodies.Notonlydoes“Thinksmall"continuetoinspire

47、Volkswagenadvertisingtothisday,itusheredinacreativerevolutionintheadvertisingbusinessandchangedtheworldofmarketingforever.“Thinksmall"showedthepowerofhumorandhonesty,anditsphotographicanddesignprinciplesbroughtaboutamajorshiftinthelookandfeelofmarketingaroundtheworld.22. Whichofthesentencesbelo

48、wbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A. Whatdefinedtheadevenmorethanitsvisualstylewasthetoneofitscopy.B. Thisadstartsoffdoingtheexactoppositeofwhatyouwouldexpectinacarad.C. Thiswasanexerciseinminimalismandaveryaccuratereflectionontheproductitself.D. Thecarwasn'tdepictedasaninepreceofthedailyliv

49、esofamiddleclassfamily.23. Itcanbeinferredthattheadvertisingconventionsofthe1950swerereflectedinthefollowingexceptthatA. theadsinthe1950stypicallyshowedproudownersandpassengersevokinggreatjoyaboutnewshinybigacquisitions.B. themarketingconceptthenfocusedonprovidingasmuchinformationaspossibletotheread

50、ersuchasthewayit'screated.C. themarketingschemesassociatedtheadvertisedproductwithanideaorawayoflivingfromaverageconsumers'perspective.D. themarketingpracticemayattachimportancetoasenseofhumorbroughtbytheuseofexaggeratedlanguage.PartIIIReadandQuestionInPartIII,youwillreadpassagesonthesamesub

51、ject.Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriterpositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthewriter'sarguments.(Timeallowed:30minutes)Questions24-35(Suggestedcompletiontime:30minutes)Directions:Readthreepassagesaboutfashion.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassages.PassageAIt'snotthateasytoanswerthequest

52、ion,“whatisfashion?”becauseitmeansdifferentthings1differentpeople.Fashionisanart.It'asreligion.It'asob.It'aspeekintoapersonality.It'splayfulness.It'asescapeoradisguise.Itisafeastfortheeyes.Butultimately,25.FrenchfashiondesignerCocoChaneloncesaid,“Fashionisnotsomethingthatexistsin

53、dressesonly.Fashionisinthesky,inthestreet,fashionhastodowithideas,thewaywelive,whatishappening.”It'trse.Fashionisn'definedsolelybyourclothingchoices,butisalsoconveyedthroughthewaywecarryourselves,ourpersonalitiesandourviewsoftheworld.Atitsmostfundamental,fashionissimplytheprevailingstyleorcu

54、stom,asindressorbehavior.So,whoexactlyanswersthequestion“whatsfashion"W?hodecideswhat'fashionableandwhatisn't?What'sinorwhat'sout?FashionDesigners.TheiconicfashionhousesPrada,Gucci,Chanelarereferredtoashautecouture,Frenchfor“highsewing."Thesedesignersleadthewayincreattnngtf

55、asndion.Whilesomeoftheirdesignsareoutrageousandcompletelyunrealisticwhenitcomestoeverydaywear,generallythethemeisadaptedintoversionssuitableforwearing.Media.Fashiontrendsareoftensparkedbycharactersonpopulartelevisionshowsandmoviesaswellasadoptedfrommagazinepages."SexandtheCity,"TTheDevilWe

56、arsPrada,"theseintroducedustonew,cutting-edgedesigns.WhileyoumightnotbecaughtdeadwearingaCarrieBradshaworiginal,youmighttakeideasinspiredfromherlookandpiecetogetheryourowncreation.Celebrities.Aprimeexampleofacelebrity-drivenfashiontrend?UGGs.UntilKateHudsonandJessicaSimpsonwerespottedwearingthe

57、maroundL.A.severalyearsago,noonehadgivenanythoughttoUGGboots.Nowtheyareeverywhere.Musicians.Musicianshavealwaysbeenveryinfluentialwhenitcomestodictatingfashion.Rock'n'risllfashion.Elvisisaniconicexample.Inthe1950s,everyonewantedtodresslikeElvis.Whatabouttheheavymetalhairbandssopopularinthe19

58、80s?AxlRosereinventedtheheadbandanawhilePoison,MotleyCrueandBonJovisetthepaceforbig,rockerhair.Justbecauseyoudon'tknowifaPradabagisfall2007orspring2008doesn'tmatter.Allthmattersisthatyoulikeitandit'sanexpressionofyou.Thatisfashion.PassageBFashionismoreprevalentinmodernsocietythaninprimit

59、ivetribesorpeasantcommunities.Themodernsocietyisanopensocietywhereclassdistinctionsarenotsorigidasinprimitivesociety.Itsurbanandmobileclassstructureenablespeopletocultivateindividualtasteandadoptnewcourse.Themodernsocietyismoretolerantofdifferencesandthereforeplacesfewshacklesonthecycleoffashion.Ourstandardsofjudgmenthavealsochanged.Toda