商務(wù)英語畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文

1、 On the Differencesand Influences of Chinese and Western Business Table Manners（初稿）提綱（目錄）一 前言 - 1二學(xué)習(xí)中西方餐桌禮儀差異的重要性 - 2三 典型的中西方餐桌禮儀 - 31 典型中國餐桌禮儀2 典型西方餐桌禮儀四 中西方餐桌禮儀的典型差異及主要原因分析 - 31 待客方式2 座次安排3餐具五 商務(wù)餐桌禮儀在商務(wù)活動中的影響 - 61 談判氛圍輕松2 提高談判成功率同時加深友誼3有利于將來的發(fā)展六 結(jié)語 - 7七 致 - 8Contents Introduction - 1. The importan

2、ce of learning about the differences of Chinese and Western table manners - 2. Typical table manners of China and western countries -31. Chinese Table Manners 2. Western table manners. The reasons for major differences of table manners in China and Western countries - 31. The ways of hospitality2.Se

3、ating arrangements3.The tableware. The influences on business activities - 61. Helpful to create relaxed atmosphere 2. Helpful to guarantee the success of business activities and deepen the friendship 3. Beneficial for the future development. The end - 7. Thanks - 8On the Differencesand Influences o

4、f Chinese and Western Business Table Manners淺談中西商務(wù)餐桌禮儀文化差異及影響摘要：隨著中西交往不斷深入與發(fā)展，餐桌禮儀逐漸成為交往的重要影響因素。商務(wù)餐桌禮儀能夠反映一個人的行為素養(yǎng)，尤其對于國際間的商務(wù)餐會，保持良好的商務(wù)餐桌禮儀能夠給對方留下更好的印象，從而提升協(xié)議達成的可能性。本文通過列舉中國餐桌禮儀與西方餐桌禮儀一些典型案例，分析中西餐桌禮儀主要差異，進一步探討了差異所產(chǎn)生的原因，指出商務(wù)餐桌禮儀在商務(wù)活動中的重要影響。關(guān)鍵詞：商務(wù)餐桌禮儀 差異 商務(wù)活動 影響Abstract:With the development of interna

5、tional trade, the different table manners in different countries play a very important role on munications. Business table manners can reflect a person's behavior literacy.Its very important to maintain good business etiquette to leave a better impression, so as to enhance the possibility of sig

6、ning an agreement, especially for the international business dinner. This article discusses about the relationship between table manners and businessactivitiesexpose the major differences and reasons for these differences. And it analyses the influences of the table manners on the business activitie

7、s.Key words: Business table manners differences mercial activity influences1. IntroductionAlong with the increase of the exchanges between China and foreign countries,to learn about the differences and reasons of table manners is very important for the businessmen.Becausetable manners can reflect yo

8、ur personal quality to a large degree.The ancient word says thatbread is the staff of life. But today, eating is no longer serves to solve the problems of hunger. In the face of a wide variety of dishes andnational flavor, diet has bee a kind of fashion and the pursuit of the high quality life.More

9、and more people gather in the table talking and laughing. Therefore,graceful table behaviorsbring not only others praise, but also a key to the door of success.Chinais a country of manners with a long history;western countries have also formed unique table manners.Because table manners reflect the n

10、ational culture, to understand these table manners and be able to behave decently and naturally are helpful to munications, which at the same time also improve the possibility of being successful in business activities. Therefore, in the process of globalization, it is very important to study the di

11、fferences of table manners between China and western countries.2. The importance of learningabout the differences of Chinese and Western table mannersSince the reform and opening up in China, it has promoted the growth of the national economy. And with the development of the Chinese economy, Chinese

12、 and Western economic exchanges also contribute to the cultural munication. Business table manners occupies a very important position and is also bee indispensable for the business activities. To learn about these differenceshas been decisiveto promote the munications and businesses.Dinning is not o

13、nly physical needsnowadays, but also one of the most important social experiences. Therefore, to master some necessary knowledge and skills of business table manners has been a particularly important thing. So businessmenare supposed to master some basic etiquette knowledge no matter they are the ho

14、sts or guests, in order to avoid some unpleasant things and promote business cooperation andfuture development.3. Typical table manners of China and Western countriesThis part main discuss the major table manners in China and western countries. With the Chinese table manners including entertaining g

15、uests, seat arranging, and the using of the main tableware; with the western table manners including entertaining guests, seat arranging, and the using of the main tableware.3.1 Chinese table manners Chinese have always shown a big enthusiasm for entertaining guests, they usually preparedrich food b

16、efore the guests arrive, and prepare other dishes during thedining. If they dine out, the host will arrive there earlier to wele the guests.Chinese arrange seat according tothe custom that eldersfirst, and the most important guest is arrangedleftto the host, and the second isto the right. When servi

17、ng dishes, the guests first and the host after, the female guests first and the male guests after.Cups, plates, bowl, chopsticks, spoon dishes etc. are the main tableware. During the dinner, everyone take the food with his own tableware. In many cases, the host will take food for the guests with his

18、 own tableware and its regarded to show his hospitality.3.2 Western table mannerspared with the Chinese table manners, the western table manners follow the wishes of the guests and the dishes are much simple and nutritious. In addition, the westerners never fete guests at home monly, which is one of

19、 the differences between the two. Besides, the hostess sits farthest to the door, and the most important guest is arranged right.Knives, forks, spoon, plates, cups, etc. are the main tableware. Everyone hashis own tableware but with public chopsticks and spoon to take the food. Furthermore, pared wi

20、th Chinese, the westerners maybe choose to accept or reject the hosts hospitality according to his own will, they know how to refuse the things they dont want.4. The reasons for major differences oftable manners in China and Western countries4.1 The ways of hospitalityIn China,peoplealways try to sh

21、owtremendous enthusiasm for entertaining guests. If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food.The another thing that makes the foreign guests amazed is that when eating with a Chinese host, they may find that the host is using public chopsticks or

22、 even his own chopsticks to put food in their bowl or plate, and the Chinese guests will never refuse doing so. This is a sign of warmth, friendship and politeness.But for foreign guests, it cannot be unacceptable.The westerners will choose to accept or reject the hosts hospitality according to his

23、own will, they know how to refuse the things they dont want, and the food accepted should be eatenup through which shows their politeness.As for the difference of it, YiZhongtian once expressed precisely in the book cultures on the tablethat the core concept of Chinese cultures is the group consciou

24、sness, while western cultures focus on the individual consciousness.Because of the group consciousness, Chinese will consider from others point of view at anytime, so Chinese always show a big enthusiasm for entertaining guests and make the atmosphere very lively. Instead, Westernersbelieve in indiv

25、idualism and pursue personal freedom, which is also appeared on the table. Therefore, the atmosphere is quiet when having meals, and talking is considered impolite behavior and isavoided.4.2Seating arrangementsThe difference of the seat arrangements embodies pletely different ideas.As mentioned abov

26、e, it is found that left first in China while right in America; its a very important distinction which we should pay more attention to, so as to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings. Besides, lady first in America, but follow the tradition that elders first in China.The differences between Chinese an

27、d western cultures are the fundamental reasons for this difference.In China, the Confucianismhave influenced Chinese for a long time, and formed the moralstandard. Therefore, the elder being served first has been our tradition during the social interaction and the left is regarded as the most honora

28、ble seat.Instead, Christian influence is the largest and most influential in the West. In the Christian view, Christ Jesus is the savior who was assigned to the world by God. And Maria as the person who gave birth to Christ Jesus has a holy image in peoples mind; she receives great respect and is ca

29、lled Virgin Mary. People extend the piety and respectand form a traditionof respecting women. Therefore the most honorable seat is given to women right to the host.4.3 The tablewareAmong all the differences, the most obvious one is the tableware people use in China and Western countries. Different c

30、ultures causedifferent serving orders. The Oriental often choose cereal to be the staple food, and the Westerners choose meat instead. For this reason, Chinese have meal with chopsticks and Westerners use knife and fork. This is the difference of serving order and using different tableware.The envir

31、onmental factors lead to the differences of the Chinese and western tableware. And chopsticks, knife and fork can basically show the differences between Chinese and western table manners. YouXiuling, one professor of ZhejiangUniversity, believes that the tableware that Chinese and western peoples us

32、e, such as chopsticks, knife and fork are related to the environment. Chopsticks are originated from the place where there are bamboos. There are lots of wood in north China, while bamboos grow in southernChina. So Chinese ancestors take advantage of the local materials. And the wood and bamboo bee

33、the most original raw material to produce chopsticks. According to Professor Yous research, the origin of the knife and fork is related to the life habits of the ancient European nomadic people. Ancient people often took the knife and fork with them when they were out. They often roasted the animal

34、and cut the meat to eat. Around the fifteen century, Europeans began to use the double pointed fork in order to improve their dinner posture. The four pointed fork appeared in eighteen century. Knife, fork and chopsticks not only led to the divergences of eating habits, but also influenced life conc

35、epts between Chinese and western people. Professor You thinks knives and forks lead to the food-sharingconcept, and chopsticks match the situation that family members sit at the table together. At the beginning, western people ate food solely. And in further, western people pay attention to independ

36、ence and individualism and formed the idea to struggle alone. Eating together with family highlights the strong family values.5. The influences on business activitiesWith the development of business activities, the munication between China and Western countries has been wider. As businessmen, its ve

37、ry important for them to know more about the differences of business table manners, so that they can apply with these knowledge and skills to business activities.5.1 Helpful to create relaxed atmosphereIn the process of business activities, table has been a more important negotiations place because

38、of the particular atmosphere when they have their meals. By parison, business negotiation always seems more serious in the conference room or public office, during which two parties will just speak to their own interests and their words can be harsh and make the negotiation in a dilemma. While itapp

39、ears much easier and more relax when they are eating, which is helpful to strike a deal. Thepsychological barriers drop a lot and the process will not seem so serious.For example, when the negotiation over price disputes, both sides want to gain the largest profit for themselves and wont easily prom

40、ise in the conference room. While on the table, both sides are in a relaxed atmosphere to adjust their interests in a friendly attitude, and both can stand in the angle from the other side, so both sides could reach an agreement in the end. 5.2Helpful to guarantee the success of business activities

41、and deepen the friendshipAs the famous saying goes, “when drinking with a bosom friend, a thousand cups will still be too little”. After a few drinks, they may found same interests in each other which will keep the negotiations more smooth. In short, the negotiations can be successful with daily lan

42、guage instead of jargons. And it deepens the friendship between both sides at the same time.5.3 Beneficial for the future developmentBusiness table manners can reflect a person's behavior.To maintain good business etiquette can leave a better impressionon others. While there is business cooperat

43、ion they will first consider your pany, it isbeneficial for the business future development.Overall, as it is seen personal table manners are very important in guaranteeing the success of business activities. Otherwise, it may ruin the business.The main content of American culture is the emphasize o

44、n individuals' value,the pursue of democracy and freedom,the promotion of deploitation and petition and the need of realistic and practicality.Its core is individualism:self first,personal need first,pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment,emphasize on achieving individual value by self-striv

45、e and self-design.This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons,it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand i

46、t is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes.They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes.Personal achievements are one of those with the

47、 highest value in Americans mind.Americans have very strong senses of success.Success is the pursuit of most Americans,it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward.They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career.Some high achievers in

48、 their career such as entrepreneurs,scientists,artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes.The process and result of how they strived have bee the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.American society has great movements within itself.These movements