最新中考被動語態(tài)詳解與練習(xí)含答案

1、精品文檔中考被動語態(tài)詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)知識點1:被動語態(tài)的基本知識1 .語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。2 .主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化：將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語；將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)；將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞 by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。例： Wevisitedthat factorylast summer. t 主動語態(tài)主語7語 狀語That factorywas v

2、isitedbyUslast summer t 被動語態(tài)狀語3.用法：被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：（1）不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；例：This cloth is made of cotton.（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者。例： Her bike is stolen .知識點2：被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)下的構(gòu)成時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are +過去分詞We are taught English by her.由她教我們英語。一般過去時was/were+過去分詞A present was given to me by Mary.瑪麗給了野-件禮物。一般將來時will/

3、shall/be going to be+過去 分詞The desk will be mended by him.這張桌子將由他修理。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are +being + 過去分詞The walls are being painted now.止在粉刷墻壁。過去進(jìn)行時was/were +being + 過去分詞The talk was being given at this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候止在作報 告。現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+± 去分詞The flowers have been watered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。過去完成時had

4、been+過去分詞She said this lift had never been used.過去將來時would/should/be going to be+ 過去分詞The film would be shown again sometime next week.這部電影下周的某個時候又將上映。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞（其時 態(tài)及句型的交化僅由情態(tài)動 詞完成，"be+過去分詞”部分 /、變）例1: Tables can be made of stone桌子可 由石頭制造。例 2： Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時

5、桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）例3： Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）例題1:單選題1: （2012 福建福州）一Our classroom every day. So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleanedD. cleaning2： （2013 陜西）The mobile phone has influenced people' s life a lot since itA. invents

6、 B. invented C. is invented D. was invented3： ( 2013 江蘇南京)It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjingin the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. builds B. is building C. will be builtD. was built4： ( 2013 內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)People who to the party are very excited.A. have invited

7、B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited5： ( 2013湖北黃岡) How often do I need to feed the dog? It _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be giveC. must be given D. must be gave6：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been des

8、ignedC. was designedD. would be designedCDCDCB 例題2：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.she (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2 .A lot of work (do) for the poor kids in the past few years.3 .The book (write) by the young girl several years ago.4 .All the tickets (sell) out when we got to the cinema.5 .A new buil

9、ding (build) at our school now.6.1 don't believe you've already finished reading the book which (lend) to you thismorning ！was told。 has been done。 was written 。had been sold。 is being built。was lent。知識點 3：不及物動詞不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，如 appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place 等不及 物動詞不能用于

10、被動語態(tài)。例 1： Great changesplace. Many new schools .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, openD. have been taken, are opened解析：答案Ao因為take place沒有被動語態(tài)，所以排除 C和D,又因后句中很多新學(xué)校開了， 這里需要被動，而且表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)開了，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。綜合選擇A。例2： A strange thing in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. h

11、as been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 解析：答案Co因為happen沒有被動語態(tài)，所以排除 A和B。又有yesterday,可判斷時態(tài) 是一般過去時，所以選C。表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有： hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等例 1： 這本書花了我20元。 (用 cost 翻譯)解析：答案The book cost me 20 yuan。因為主語是書，很可能有的同學(xué)會寫成"The bookwascost20 yuan.可是cost這里表狀態(tài)，不用于被動態(tài)。例

12、 2： That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost解析 ：答案D 。因為cost 這個詞不需要用被動語態(tài)，所以這里的主語是單數(shù)，可以用costs（一般現(xiàn)在時）或 cost （一般過去時），根據(jù)選項，只能選 D。知識點4： 主動形式表被動意義1）某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear,sound 等例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2）

13、某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例：The conversation is hard to understand.對這話彳艮難理解。The fish is not easy to fish.魚不容易釣。The passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂。3）動名詞的主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。如：need, require, worth等，并且可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，如need doing=need to be done。例：The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。The children need looking after.孩子

14、們需要照看。4）write, sell, wash和read和副詞連用，主動語態(tài)表被動意義。例：The pen writes smoothly.這筆寫起來很順手。The article reads well.這篇文章讀起來很好。例 1: - Do you like the material?-Yes, it very soft.A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt解析：答案Co這道題首先根據(jù)選項看出考查的是 feel的用法，它屬于系動詞，無被動，無進(jìn)行時，所以排除A, D,然后根據(jù)前一句話的時態(tài)確定選擇 Co例 2 ： It is diff

15、icult for a foreigner Chinese .A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written解析：答案Bo作表語的形容詞 difficult后不定式to write主動形式表示被動意義。例 3: The composition doesn't any more.A. need to be correcting B. need to be correctedC. need be corrected D. need be correcting解析：答案B。因為need doing sth = need to be done

16、,這里只有 B正確，如果變成 need doing sth, 可以換成 need correcting。例 4 ： - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. It's worth a second time.A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read解析：答案C。本題通過后面的回答可以很明顯看出是be worth的考點，首先后面接doing ,然后根據(jù)它的主動表被動的特點，排除D。例 5: The kind of cloth well.A.washB.is washed

17、 C.washesD.is washing解析：答案Co本題的考點是 wash后接副詞，表示耐洗，主動形式表被動語態(tài)，因為 cloth不可 數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用三單形式。知識點5 :及物動詞后跟雙賓語的句子，被動語態(tài)有兩種常見的有:主動語念被動語公bring sb. sth.把某物帶給某人sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sblend sb. sth.把某物借給某人sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sb精品文檔精品文檔offer sb. sth.將某物給某人sb be offered sth/ sth be offered t

18、o sbpass sb. sth.把某物遞給某人sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sbpay sb. sth.付給某人某物（錢）sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sbsend sb. sth把某物送給某人sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sbsell sb. sth.把某物賣給某人sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sbshow sb. sth.拿某物給某人看sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sbteach sb. sth.教某人某物sb be

19、taught sth/ sth be taught to sbtell sb. sth.告訴某人某情況sb be told sth/ sth be told to sbbuy sb. sth.為某人頭某物sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sbmake sb. sth.為某人制作某物sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb例1:同義句轉(zhuǎn)換My parents gives me a birthday present every year!（變被動語態(tài)，兩種表達(dá)）解析： 答案 I am given a birthday present

20、 by my parents every year. A birthday present is givento me by my parents every year. 分另1J把賓語 me 和 a birthday 作為主語。例2： He told us a story .（變被動語態(tài)，兩種表達(dá)）解析：答案 We were told a story （by him ）或 A story was told to us by him .分別以 we 和 a story 做主語，主語謂語動詞的形式以及時態(tài)。知識點6：感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役動詞let,

21、make, have等，動詞后省略 to不定 式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)加上不定式符合to.例：I always see the boys play in the park.（變成被動語態(tài) ）The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.例 1 ： He was made a lot of work.A. doB. to doC. didD. doing解析：答案B。make的用法是make sb do sth,在被動的情況下，需把省略的不定式to還原。所以被動形式為 be made to do sth。例 2： He was seen so

22、mething from the shop .A. stealB. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed解析：答案 Bo see的用法，see sb do sth和 see sb doing sth,被動態(tài)是 sb be seen to do sth和sb be seen doing sth,所以根據(jù)選項來看，這里選擇B。知識點7: 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。例： We can't laugh at him.fHe can't be laughed at by us.例1 ：翻譯1 .從來

23、沒有聽說過這件事情。2 .我妹妹由奶奶照顧的很好。3 2:單選題1. I think much attention your pronunciation.A. must be paid to B. ought to paid toC. must pay toD. should be paid解析：答案A。首先attention作主語，后面需接被動語態(tài)，所以先排除B和C。又因為payattention to 這個動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)時，后面的to 不可以丟掉，所以選A。2. Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B.should be li

24、sten C.be listened D.is listened解析：答案A。首先our teacher作主語，后面表示“被聽”，需接被動語態(tài)，又因為是單數(shù)， 所以先排除Co又因為listen to這個動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)時，后面的 to不可以丟掉，所以 選 A。( )1.a new library in our school last year?A. Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; buildD.Did; build( )2.An accident on this road last week.A. has been happened B.was happened C.is happenedD.happen