專業(yè)型文檔人力資源常用英文詞匯總匯

1、人力資源管理師及人事常用英語(yǔ)詞匯總匯1. 人力資源管理：(HumanResourceManagement，HRM)人力資源經(jīng)理：(humanresourcemanager)高級(jí)管理人員：(executive)職業(yè):(profession)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：(ethics)操作工：(operativeemployees)專家：(specialist)人力資源認(rèn)證協(xié)會(huì)：(theHumanResourceCertificationInstitute，HRCI)2. 外部環(huán)境：(externalenvironment)內(nèi)部環(huán)境：(internalenvironment)政策：(policy)企業(yè)文化：(cor

2、porateculture)目標(biāo)：(mission)股東：(shareholders)非正式組織：(informalorganization)跨國(guó)公司：(multinationalcorporation，MNC)管理多樣性：(managingdiversity)3. 工作：(job)職位：(posting)工作分析：(jobanalysis)工作說明：(jobdescription)工作規(guī)范：(jobspecification)工作分析計(jì)劃表：(jobanalysisschedule，JAS)職位分析問卷調(diào)查法：(ManagementPositionDescriptionQuestionnai

3、re，MPDQ)行政秘書：(executivesecretary)地區(qū)服務(wù)經(jīng)理助理：(assistantdistrictservicemanager)4. 人力資源計(jì)劃：(HumanResourcePlanning，HRP)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃：(strategicplanning)長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)：(longtermtrend)要求預(yù)測(cè)：(requirementforecast)供給預(yù)測(cè)：(availabilityforecast)管理人力儲(chǔ)備：(managementinventory)裁減：(downsizing)人力資源信息系統(tǒng)：(HumanResourceInformationSystem，HRIS)5.

4、 招聘：(recruitment)員工申請(qǐng)表：(employeerequisition)招聘方法：(recruitmentmethods)內(nèi)部提升：(PromotionFromWithin，PFW)工作公告：(jobposting)廣告：(advertising)職業(yè)介紹所：(employmentagency)特殊事件：(specialevents)實(shí)習(xí)：(internship)6. 選擇：(selection)選擇率：(selectionrate)簡(jiǎn)歷：(resume)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化：(standardization)有效性：(validity)客觀性：(objectivity)規(guī)范：(norm)錄

5、用分?jǐn)?shù)線：(cutoffscore)準(zhǔn)確度：(aiming)業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)測(cè)試：(jobknowledgetests)求職面試：(employmentinterview)非結(jié)構(gòu)化面試：(unstructuredinterview)結(jié)構(gòu)化面試：(structuredinterview)小組面試：(groupinterview)職業(yè)興趣測(cè)試：(vocationalinteresttests)會(huì)議型面試：(boardinterview)7. 組織變化與人力資源開發(fā)人力資源開發(fā)：(HumanResourceDevelopment，HRD)培訓(xùn)：(training)開發(fā)：(development)定位：(or

6、ientation)訓(xùn)練：(coaching)輔導(dǎo)：(mentoring)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理策略：(businessgames)案例研究：(casestudy)會(huì)議方法：(conferencemethod)角色扮演：(roleplaying)工作輪換：(jobrotating)在職培訓(xùn)：(on-the-jobtraining，OJT)媒介：(media)8. 企業(yè)文化與組織發(fā)展企業(yè)文化：(corporateculture)組織發(fā)展：(organizationdevelopment，OD)調(diào)查反饋：(surveyfeedback)質(zhì)量圈：(qualitycircles)目標(biāo)管理：(managementby

7、objective，MBO)全面質(zhì)量管理：(TotalQualityManagement，TQM)團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)：(teambuilding)9. 職業(yè)計(jì)劃與發(fā)展職業(yè)：(career)職業(yè)計(jì)劃：(careerplanning)職業(yè)道路：(careerpath)職業(yè)發(fā)展：(careerdevelopment)自我評(píng)價(jià)：(self-assessment)職業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)：(careeranchors)10. 績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)：(PerformanceAppraisal，PA)小組評(píng)價(jià)：(groupappraisal)業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定表：(ratingscalesmethod)關(guān)鍵事件法：(criticalinciden

8、tmethod)排列法：(rankingmethod)平行比較法：(pairedcomparison)硬性分布法：(forceddistributionmethod)暈圈錯(cuò)誤：(haloerror)寬松：(leniency)嚴(yán)格：(strictness)3600反饋：(360-degreefeedback)敘述法：(essaymethod)集中趨勢(shì)：(centraltendency)11. 報(bào)酬與福利報(bào)酬：(compensation)直接經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬：(directfinancialcompensation)間接經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬：(indirectfinancialcompensation)非經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)酬：(

9、nofinancialcompensation)公平：(equity)外部公平：(externalequity)內(nèi)部公平：(internalequity)員工公平：(employeeequity)小組公平：(teamequity)工資水平領(lǐng)先者：(payleaders)現(xiàn)行工資率：(goingrate)工資水平居后者：(payfollowers)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)：(labormarket)工作評(píng)價(jià)：(jobevaluation)排列法：(rankingmethod)分類法：(classificationmethod)因素比較法：(factorcomparisonmethod)評(píng)分法：(pointme

10、thod)海氏指示圖表個(gè)人能力分析法：(HayGuideChart-profileMethod)工作定價(jià)：(jobpricing)工資等級(jí)：(paygrade)工資曲線：(wagecurve)工資幅度：(payrange)12. 福利和其它報(bào)酬問題福利(間接經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償)ESOP)員工股權(quán)計(jì)劃：(employeestockownershipplan值班津貼：(shiftdifferential)獎(jiǎng)金：(incentivecompensation)分紅制：(profitsharing)13. 安全與健康的工作環(huán)境安全：(safety)健康：(health)頻率：(frequencyrate)緊張：(

11、stress)角色沖突：(roleconflict)催眠法：(hypnosis)酗酒：(alcoholism)14. 員工和勞動(dòng)關(guān)系工會(huì)：(union)地方工會(huì)：(localunion)行業(yè)工會(huì)：(craftunion)產(chǎn)業(yè)工會(huì)：(industrialunion)全國(guó)工會(huì)：(nationalunion)談判組：(bargainingunion)勞資談判：(collectivebargaining)仲裁：(arbitration)罷工：(strike)內(nèi)部員工關(guān)系：(internalemployeerelations)紀(jì)律：(discipline)紀(jì)律處分：(disciplinaryaction

12、)申訴：(grievance)降職：(demotion)調(diào)動(dòng)：(transfer)晉升：(promotion)人力資源管理師（二級(jí)）專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯表來源：作者：發(fā)布時(shí)間：2007-08-141 Acceptability可接受性2 Achievementtests成就測(cè)試3 Actionplan行動(dòng)計(jì)劃4 Actionsteps行動(dòng)步驟5 Adventurelearning探險(xiǎn)學(xué)習(xí)法6 Adverseimpact負(fù)面影響7 Agencyshop工會(huì)代理制8 Alternativedisputeresolution(ADR)建設(shè)性爭(zhēng)議解決方法9 Analyticapproach分析法10 Appr

13、aisalpolitics評(píng)價(jià)政治學(xué)11 Apprenticeship學(xué)徒制12 Arbitrary仲裁13 Assessment評(píng)價(jià)14 Assessmentcenter評(píng)價(jià)中心15 Attitudeawarenessandchangeprogram態(tài)度認(rèn)知與改變計(jì)劃16 Attitudinalstructuring態(tài)度構(gòu)建17 Audiovisualinstruction視聽教學(xué)18 Auditapproach審計(jì)法19 Balancedscorecard綜合評(píng)價(jià)卡22 Behaviormodeling行為模擬23 Benchmarks基準(zhǔn)24 Benchmarking評(píng)判25 Benef

14、its收益26 Bonus獎(jiǎng)金27 Boycott聯(lián)合抵制28 Career職業(yè)29 Careercounseling職業(yè)咨詢30 Careercurves(maturitycurves)職業(yè)曲線(成熟曲線)31 Careermanagementsystem職業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)32 Careersupport職業(yè)支持33 Centralization集權(quán)化34 Coach教練35 Cognitiveability認(rèn)知能力36 Cognitiveoutcomes認(rèn)知性結(jié)果37 Collectivebargainingprocess勞資談判過程38 Communityofpractice演練小組39 Co

15、mpa-ratio比較比率40 Compensablefactors報(bào)酬要素41 Competencyassessment能力評(píng)估42 Competitiveadvantage競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)43 Concentrationstrategy集中戰(zhàn)略44 Concurrentvalidation同時(shí)效度45 Consumerpriceindex,CPI消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)46 Contentvalidation內(nèi)容效度47 Continuouslearning持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)48 Contributoryplan投入計(jì)劃49 Coordinationtraining合作培訓(xùn)50 Corecompetencies核心競(jìng)

16、爭(zhēng)力51 Basicskills基本技能52 Behavior-basedprogram行為改變計(jì)劃53 Criterion-relatedvalidity效標(biāo)關(guān)聯(lián)效度54 Criticalincident關(guān)鍵事件55 Criticalincidentmethod關(guān)鍵事件法56 Cross-culturalpreparation跨文化準(zhǔn)備57 Cross-training交叉培訓(xùn)58 Culturalenvironment文化環(huán)境59 Culturalshock文化沖擊60 Customerappraisal顧客評(píng)估61 Dataflowdiagram數(shù)據(jù)流程圖62 Database數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)63

17、 Decentralization分散化64 Decisionsupportsystems決策支持系統(tǒng)65 Defined-benefitplan養(yǎng)老金福利計(jì)劃66 Defined-contributionplan資方養(yǎng)老金投入計(jì)劃67 Delayering扁平化68 Depression沮喪69 Developmentplanningsystem開發(fā)規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)70 Differentialpiecerate差額計(jì)件工資71 Directcosts直接成本72 Discipline紀(jì)律73 Disparateimpact差別性影響74 Disparatetreatment差別性對(duì)待75 Dive

18、rsitytraining多元化培訓(xùn)76 Downsizing精簡(jiǎn)77 Downwardmove降級(jí)78 Efficiencywagetheory效率工資理論79 Electronicperformancesupportsystem(EPSS)電子績(jī)效支持系統(tǒng)80 Employeeempowerment員工授權(quán)81 Employeeleasing員工租借82 Employeesurveyresearch雇員調(diào)查與研究83 Employeewellnessprograms(EWPs)雇員健康修煉計(jì)劃84 Entrepreneur企業(yè)家85 Equalemploymentopportunity(E

19、EO)公平就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)86 Essaymethod書面方式87 Ethics道德88 Expatriate外派雇員89 Expertsystems專家系統(tǒng)90 Externalanalysis外部分析91 Externalgrowthstrategy外邊成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略92 Externallabormarket外部勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)93 Factorcomparisonsystem因素比較法94 Feedback反饋95 Flexiblebenefitsplans(cafeteriaplans)靈活的福利計(jì)劃(自助福利、.1、方案)96 Flextime靈活的時(shí)間97 Forecasting(勞動(dòng)力供求)預(yù)測(cè)9

20、8 Formaleducationprograms正規(guī)教育計(jì)劃99 Frameofreference參照系100 Functionaljobanalysis,FJA職能工作分析99Gainsharingplans收益分享計(jì)劃100Globalization全球化101Goals目標(biāo)102Goalsandtimetables目標(biāo)和時(shí)間表103Graphicrating-scalemethod圖式評(píng)估法104Group-buildingmethods團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)法105Groupmentoringprogram群體指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃106Hayprofilemethod海氏剖析法107High-leverage

21、training高層次培訓(xùn)108High-performanceworksystems高績(jī)效工作系統(tǒng)109Hourlywork計(jì)時(shí)工資制110Humancapital人力資本111Humanresourceinformationsystem(HRIS)人力資源信息系統(tǒng)112Humanresourcemanagement人力資源管理113Humanresourcesplanning,HRP人力資源計(jì)劃114Indirectcosts間接成本115Individualism/collectivism個(gè)人主義/集體主義116Input投入117Instructionaldesignprocess指導(dǎo)

22、性設(shè)計(jì)過程118Internalanalysis內(nèi)部分析119Internalgrowthstrategy內(nèi)部成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略120Internallaborforce內(nèi)部勞動(dòng)力121Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)122Internshipprograms實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃123Interview面試124Intraorganizationalbargaining組織內(nèi)談判125Jobanalysis工作分析126Jobclassificationsystem工作分類法127Jobdescription工作描述128Jobdesign工作設(shè)計(jì)129Jobenlargement工作擴(kuò)大化130Jobenrichment工

23、作豐富化131Jobevaluation工作評(píng)價(jià)132Jobexperiences工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)133Jobinvolvement工作認(rèn)同134Jobpostingandbidding工作張貼和申請(qǐng)135Jobprogressions工作提升136Jobrankingsystem工作重要性排序法137Jobrotation工作輪換138Jobsatisfaction工作滿意度139Jobspecification工作規(guī)范140Jobstructure工作結(jié)構(gòu)141Keyjobs關(guān)鍵工作142Labormarket勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)143Laborrelationsprocess勞動(dòng)關(guān)系進(jìn)程144Leader

24、lessgroupdiscussion無(wú)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組討論法145Learningorganization學(xué)習(xí)型組織146Long-term-short-termorientation長(zhǎng)期-短期導(dǎo)向147Maintenanceofmembership會(huì)員資格維持148Managementbyobjectives,MBO目標(biāo)管理149Managementforecasts管理預(yù)測(cè)150Managementprerogatives管理特權(quán)151Managerand/orsupervisorappraisal經(jīng)理和/或上司評(píng)估152Managingdiversity管理多元化153Markovanalys

25、is馬克夫分析法154Mediation調(diào)解155Mentor導(dǎo)師156Meritguideline績(jī)效指南157Minimumwage最低工資158Motivationtolearn學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)159Needsassessment（培訓(xùn)）需要評(píng)價(jià)160Negligence疏忽161Nepotism裙帶關(guān)系162OmbudsmaniM查專員163On-the-jobtraining,OJT在職培訓(xùn)164Opportunitytoperform實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)165Organizationalanalysis組織分析166Organizationalcapability組織能力167Orientatio

26、n導(dǎo)向培訓(xùn)168Outplacementcounseling重新謀職咨詢169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212Output產(chǎn)出Outsourcing外包Panelinterview小組面試Pay-for-performancestandard按績(jī)效的報(bào)酬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Paygrade工資等級(jí)Paylevel工資水平Pay-policyline工資政策線Paystructure工資結(jié)

27、構(gòu)Peerappraisal同事評(píng)估Performanceappraisal績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)Performancefeedback績(jī)效反饋Performancemanagement績(jī)效管理Performanceplanningandevaluation(PPE)績(jī)效規(guī)劃與評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)Perquisites津貼Personanalysis個(gè)人分析Personcharacteristics個(gè)人特征Personnelselection人員甄選Pointsystem積分法Positionanalysisquestionnaire,PAQ職位分析問卷調(diào)查Powerdistance權(quán)力差距Predictivevali

28、dation預(yù)測(cè)效度Profitsharing利潤(rùn)分享Promotion晉升Proteancareer多變的職業(yè)Psychologicalcontract心理契約Psychologicalsupport心理支持Rangespread工資范圍跨度Readability易讀性Readinessfortraining培訓(xùn)準(zhǔn)備Reasoningability推理能力Recruitment招募Reengineering流程再造Relationaldatabase關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)Reliability信度Repatriation歸國(guó)準(zhǔn)備Replacementcharts替換表Requestforproposal

29、(REP)(培訓(xùn))招標(biāo)書Returnoninvestment(ROI)投資回報(bào)Roleambiguity角色模糊Roleanalysistechnique角色分析技術(shù)Roleplay角色扮演School-to-work從學(xué)校到工作Selection甄選Self-appraisal自我評(píng)估213Self-efficacy自信心214Situationalinterview情景面試215Skill-basedpay技能工資216Skillinventories技能量表217Specificity明確性218Spotbonus即時(shí)獎(jiǎng)金219Staffingtables人員配置表220Strategi

30、cchoice戰(zhàn)略選擇221Strategiccongruence戰(zhàn)略一致性戰(zhàn)略性人力資源管理222Strategichumanresourcemanagement(SHRM)223Strategyformulation戰(zhàn)略形成224Strategyimplementation戰(zhàn)略執(zhí)行225Taskanalysis任務(wù)分析226Teamleadertraining團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)227360-degreefeedbackprocess360度反饋過程228Totalqualitymanagement(TQM)全面質(zhì)量管理229Training培訓(xùn)230Trainingadministration培

31、訓(xùn)管理231Trainingoutcomes培訓(xùn)結(jié)果232Transactionprocessing事務(wù)處理233Trendanalysis趨勢(shì)分析234Utility效用235Utilityanalysis效用分析236Validity效度237Verbalcomprehension語(yǔ)言理解能力238Vesting既得利益239Virtualreality現(xiàn)實(shí)虛擬240Voicing發(fā)言241Wageandsalarysurvey薪資調(diào)查242Wage-ratecompression工資壓縮243 Web-basedtraining網(wǎng)上培訓(xùn)244 Workpermit/workcertifi

32、cate就業(yè)許可證245 WorldWideWeb萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)246 Yieldratio成功率專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯表-1注：此詞匯表為專業(yè)詞匯表，學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)具有一定的公共英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)。Acceptability可接受性Achievementtests成就測(cè)試Actionplan行動(dòng)計(jì)劃Actionsteps行動(dòng)步驟Adventurelearning探險(xiǎn)學(xué)習(xí)法Adverseimpact負(fù)面影響Agencyshop工會(huì)代理制Alternativedisputeresolution(ADR)建設(shè)性爭(zhēng)議解決方法Analyticapproach分析法Appraisalpolitics評(píng)價(jià)政治學(xué)Apprenticeship

33、學(xué)徒制Arbitrary仲裁Assessment評(píng)價(jià)Assessmentcenter價(jià)中心Attitudeawarenessandchangeprogram度認(rèn)知與改變計(jì)戈UAttitudinalstructuring態(tài)度構(gòu)建Audiovisualinstruction視聽教學(xué)Auditapproach審計(jì)法Balancedecard綜合評(píng)價(jià)卡Basicskills基本技能Behavior-basedprogram行為改變計(jì)劃Behaviormodeling行為模擬Benchmarks基準(zhǔn)Benchmarking評(píng)判Benefits收益Bonus獎(jiǎng)金B(yǎng)oycott聯(lián)合抵制Career職業(yè)Car

34、eercounselingCareercurves(maturitycurves)職業(yè)曲線(成熟曲線)Careermanagementsyste制業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)Careersupport職業(yè)支持Centralization集權(quán)化Coach教練Cognitiveability認(rèn)知能力Cognitiveoutcomes認(rèn)知性結(jié)果Collectivebargainingprocess勞資談判過程Communityofpractice演練小組Compa-ratio比較比率Compensablefars報(bào)酬要素Competencyassessmen能力評(píng)估Competitiveadvantage競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)Co

35、ncentrationstrategy集中戰(zhàn)略Concurrentvalidation同時(shí)效度Consumerpriceindex,CPI消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)Contentvalidation內(nèi)容效度Continuouslearning持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)Contributoryplan投入計(jì)劃Coordinationtraining合作培訓(xùn)Corecompetencies核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力Criterion-relatedvalidity效標(biāo)關(guān)聯(lián)效度Criticalincident關(guān)鍵事件Criticalincidentmethod關(guān)鍵事件法Cross-culturalpreparation跨文化準(zhǔn)備Cross-tr

36、aining交叉培訓(xùn)Culturalenvironment文化環(huán)境Culturalshock文化沖擊Customerappraisal顧客評(píng)估DataflowdiagramDatabase數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)Decentralization分散化Decisionsupportsystems決策支持系統(tǒng)Defined-benefitplan養(yǎng)老金福利計(jì)劃Defined-contributionplan資方養(yǎng)老金投入計(jì)劃Delayering扁平化Depression沮喪Developmentplanningsystem開發(fā)規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)Differentialpiecerate差額計(jì)件工資Directcosts直接成

37、本Discipline紀(jì)律Disparateimpact差別性影響Disparatetreatment差別性對(duì)待Diversitytraining多元化培訓(xùn)Downsizing精簡(jiǎn)Downwardmove降級(jí)Efficiencywagetheory效率工資理論Electronicperformancesupportsystem(EPSS)電子績(jī)效支持系統(tǒng)Employeeempowerment員工授權(quán)Employeeleasing員工租借Employeesurveyresearch雇員調(diào)查與研究Employeewellnessprograms(EWPs)雇員健康修煉計(jì)劃Entrepreneur企

38、業(yè)家Equalemploymentopportunity(EEO)公平就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)Essaymethod書面方式Ethics道德Expatriate外派雇員Expertsystems專家系統(tǒng)Externalanalysis外部分析Externalgrowthstrategy外邊成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略Externallabormarket外部勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)Factorcomparisonsystem因素比較法Feedback反饋Flexiblebenefitsplans(cafeteriaplans)靈活的福利計(jì)劃(自助福利方案)Flextime靈活的時(shí)間Forecasting(勞動(dòng)力供求)預(yù)測(cè)Formaleduca

39、tionprograms正規(guī)教育計(jì)戈UFrameofreference參照系Functionaljobanalysis,FJA職能工作分析Gainsharingplans收益分享計(jì)劃Globalization全球化Goals目標(biāo)Goalsandtimetables目標(biāo)和時(shí)間表Graphicrating-scalemethod圖式評(píng)估法Group-buildingmethods團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)法Groupmentoringprogram群體指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃Hayprofilemethod海氏剖析法High-leveragetraining高層次培訓(xùn)High-performanceworksystems高績(jī)效工作

40、系統(tǒng)Hourlywork計(jì)時(shí)工資制Humancapital人力資本Humanresourceinformationsystem(HRIS)人力資源信息系統(tǒng)HumanresourcemanagementHumanresourcesplanning,HRPIndirectcosts間接成本Individualism/collectivism個(gè)人主義/集體主義Input投入Instructionaldesignprocess指導(dǎo)性設(shè)計(jì)過程Internalanalysis內(nèi)部分析Internalgrowthstrategy內(nèi)部成長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略Internallaborforce內(nèi)部勞動(dòng)力Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

41、Internshipprograms實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃Interview面試Intraorganizationalbargaining組織內(nèi)談判Jobanalysis工作分析Jobclassificationsystem工作分類法Jobdescription工作描述Jobdesign工作設(shè)計(jì)Jobenlargement工作擴(kuò)大化Jobenrichment工作豐富化Jobevaluation工作評(píng)價(jià)Jobexperiences工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)Jobinvolvement工作認(rèn)同Jobpostingandbidding工作張貼和申請(qǐng)Jobprogressions工作提升Jobrankingsystem工作重要性排序法Jobrotation工作輪換Jobsatisfaction工作滿意度Jobspecification工作規(guī)范Jobstru