初二英語形容詞和副詞的語法精講

1、初二英語形容詞和副詞的語法精講王春娟 楊凌高新中學教學目標：集中學習初中英語形容詞與副詞及比較級及最高級的用法。 教學內容：一形容詞用法1.形容詞可分為兩大類：描繪形容詞和限定形容詞。描繪形容詞是描寫人或物的顏色、 尺寸、形狀、性質、狀態(tài)等的形容詞。限定形容詞用于限定被修飾詞的數量、距離、所有關 系等。除了 these和those外，形容詞的單數與復數形式相同。描繪形容詞限定形容詞beautiful, large, red,基數詞(one, two)序數詞(first, sec ond)in teresti ng, colourful物主代詞(my, your)指示代詞(this, that,

2、 these)importa nt數量詞(few, many)冠詞(a, an, the)2.形容詞的位置修飾語一般應置于被修飾語之前，但當幾個形容詞修飾同一名詞時，其排列順序一般如下：形容詞性代詞t數量詞t描繪形容詞all boththe, a( n) this, thatfirstone性質尺寸形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍材料goodlargeoldredChin eseironsuchyour, some, manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEn glishstoneExample: that strong young Chin ese swimmer注意：形容詞前有

3、as, so, no, too, how等詞時，不定冠詞應置于形容詞之后。She is too kind a girl to refuse.在以下情況下，修飾語應置于被修飾的名詞后：1名詞之后的數量詞+名詞+old, long, wide等。a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long2為了加強語氣或音調美，將描繪形容詞置于名詞之后。He had a face th in and worn.3someth ing, anything, every one, an ybody + 形容詞。There ' s nothing wrong

4、 with the electric cooker.4作定語用的分詞或形容詞短語The judge has talked to all the people involved.所包含的形式復雜的3. “數詞+名詞構成的形容詞1數詞 + 名詞，女口a two-week tour, a ten-page report 等。2數詞+名詞+形容詞，如a seven-year-old boy等。3名詞無冠詞+基數詞 =the +序數詞+名詞，如Unit 6=the Sixth Un it4“數量詞+復數名詞"作主語，雖然是復數形式，但仍然用單數動詞，作為一個單 位來表示。如果強調個別數，那么須

5、用復數動詞。Ten years is quite a long time to him.Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.二副詞1. 副詞的構成如下： 1本身就是副詞，如 very, now, there, quite 等 . 2有形容詞后綴如 -ly, 如 happily, carefully 等。 3有些副詞與形容詞同形，如early, high, long, fast, hard 等。注意：有些 -ly 結尾的詞不是副詞而是形容詞，如 manly, friendly, queenly 女王的 威嚴的 ,慷慨

6、的 等。2. 副詞的位置 1修飾形容詞和副詞時，須放在被修飾詞之前，如： The scenery around here is very beautiful. 2 always, never, often, sometimes, usually 等表示頻率的副詞在一般動詞前，be 動詞后，有助動詞時，在助動詞和動詞之間。He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him.3有兩個以上不同種類的副詞作修飾語時，其順序為地點小地點+大地點t狀

7、 態(tài)t次數t時間單位小的時間+單位大的時間。They arrived in Paris safely the other day. 4 seldom, rarely, never 等具有否認意義的頻率副詞置于句首時，助動詞或be 動詞須放在主語的前面也叫倒裝句 ，如：Never did I hear such a funny story. =I never heard such a funny story.3. 幾個特殊副詞的用法 1 enough 須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之后； too 須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之、八前。She speaks English well enough to

8、be an interpreter 譯員，口譯者It ' s too hot a day to work.但 enough 修飾名詞時須置于名詞之前。Have you got enough money for this microwave 微波 oven 烤爐，烤箱 ?2toofor +不定式to，作"太而不能"解；en ough +不定式，意思是"足夠可以"，這一結構可轉換成sothat結構。The boy was still too young to go to school.t He was so young that he could n

9、ot go to school.The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce.t He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce. 3 already 用于肯定句，作“已經解； yet 用于否認句，作“還解，用于疑問句 作“已經解， still 作“仍然解。I have already seen the film.Have you seen the film yet?I still prefer tea to coffee. 4隨著 only 和 also 在句中位置的改變，句意和語氣也會改變。Only Mr. Li

10、 came to see me today.Mr. Li came to see only me today.Mr. Li came to see me only today.三形容詞的比較等級形容詞比較等級的規(guī)那么變化如下表:構成法原級比較級最咼級1、單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-est偉大的greatgreatergreatest2、單音節(jié)詞如以-e結尾，只加-r和-stbrave勇敢的 fine 好的braver finerbravest fin est3、閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 個輔音字 母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er和-estbig 大的 hot 熱的bigger hotterbi

11、ggest hottest4、少數以-y,-er,-ow,-ble結構的雙音節(jié)詞, 末尾加-er，和-est以-y結尾的詞，如-y 前是輔音字母，那么y變?yōu)閕，再加-er和-est。 以-e結尾的詞仍只加-r和-sthappy快樂的clever聰明的narrow 狹窄的 able能happier cleverer n arrower ablerhappiest cleverest n arrowest ablest5、其它雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞皆在前面加單詞 more 和 most.difficult 困難的more difficultmost difficult四形容詞比較等級局部不規(guī)那么變化表原

12、級比較級最咼級good wellbetterBestbadillworseworstmany muchmoreMostlittlefewlessLeastfarfarther furtherfarthest furthestoldolder elderoldest eldestlatelatter laterlast latest五形容詞、副詞比較等級的根本用法形容詞與副詞都有三個比較等級。1原級常用于"as+原級+ as"結構。He likes her as much as he likes his sister.否認的原級用not as或not soa二者一般無甚區(qū)別。

13、He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.2比較級常用于“比較級+tha n"結構。He is taller tha n me.否認比較與否認原級一樣，也用not as(so)a結構，也可用lesstha結構.This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.3兩個人或物比較時，定冠詞the +比較級表示最高級。He is the taller of the two.4最高級常用于“ the +最高級+比較范圍'結構，比較范圍為短語或從句。

14、It is the best picture in the hall.5含有否認詞的比較級，如 no less tha n=as much(or many )as“不亞于"not less tha n=at least“至少" no less tha n =asas“禾口一樣"not less+原級+ than“至少不亞于" no more than=not any more than “禾口一樣不"not more than=not so as“不像那樣" no more tha n=only“只不過"，言其少not mo

15、re tha n=at most“不多于"，“至少"6表示“幾倍于"用 twice兩倍，three times三倍+ asas,This book costs twice as much as the other one.7the +比較級，the+比較級，意思是“越就越"，如：The harder you work , the more you will learn.8比較結構之前可用程度狀語加以修飾，女口 asas前可用almost, nearly, just(about),quite 等詞語修飾，如：Joh n is almost as tall

16、as his father.9在 more than 結構之前可用 far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等詞語修飾，如：He speaks En glish a lot more rapidly tha n he does Fren ch.10比較級+ and+比較級，作“越來越"解，如：The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger.當堂檢測：【典型例題】一.形容詞與副詞練習1. He is aboy. ( good, well )2. The

17、se areclassroom. ( bright, brightly )3. He is aman. ( real, really )4. He isa man. ( real, really )5. They aregirls. ( careful, carefully )keys: 1. good 2. bright 3. real 4. really 5. careful6. They walked into the room. ( quiet, quietly )7. He is hurt. ( bad, badly )8. The man was _ ill. ( serious,

18、 seriously )9. _the man wasn ' t badly hurt. ( lucky, luckily )10. They are carrying some _ boxes. ( heavy, heavily )keys: 6. quietly 7. badly 8. seriously 9. Luckily 10. heavy11. En glish is _ spoke n in the world. ( wide, widely )12. Knives are _一 used for cutting things. ( wide, widely )13. R

19、ice is _grow n in the south . ( mai n, mai nly )14. He is a -_ tall man. ( strong, stron gly )15. He is _( careful, carefully )keys: 11. widely 12. widely 13. mai nly14. stro ng15. careful16. He writes. ( careful, carefully )17. He feels( happy, happily )18. He lives. ( happy, happily )19. It rained

20、last ni ght. ( heavy, heavily )20. The rain was( heavy, heavily )keys: 16. carefully 17. happy 18. happily 19. heavily 20. heavy21. It blewesterday. ( stro ng, stron gly )22. The sun is shi ning. ( bright, brightly )23. They are work ing. ( happy, happily )24. He got. ( an gry, an grily )25. Things

21、turn.( bad, badly )keys: 21. stro ngly 22. brightly 23. happily 24. angry 25. bad26. Lucy was asas me. ( careful , carefully )27. Lucy wrote ass me. ( careful, carefully )28. He clea ned the room asas Lily. ( quick, quickly )29. He runs asas me .( slow, slowly )30. Howhe sun sho ne! ( bright, bright

22、ly )keys: 26. careful 27 carefully 28. quickly 29. slowly 30. brightly31. How _ the sun is ! ( bright, brightly )32. Howhe flowers are grow ing! ( beautiful, beautifully )33. Howhey are! ( happy, happily )34. Howhey are work ing! ( happy, happily )35. Howhe wind blew last ni ght! ( strong, stro ngly

23、 )keys: 31. bright 32. beautifully33. h appy 34. h appily 35. stro ngly【模擬試題】答題時間：45分鐘一.形容詞、副詞專項練習題1. Nowadays scienee fiction isn' t asas cartoons among teenagers.A. popularB. more popularC. less popularD. the most popular2. We are glad to see that Shan ghai is develop ingthese years tha n ever

24、 before.A. quicklyB. less quicklyC. more quicklyD. the most quickly3. The cheese cake tasted sothat the kids asked for more.A. deliciousB. wellC. badD. badly4. Why didn ' t younjoy the talk?It wastalk that I had ever liste ned to.A. the most in teresti ngB. the least in terest ingC. more in tere

25、st ingD. 1ess in teresti ng5. Guo Yue did quiteat the World Table Tennis Championship(錦標賽)，but ZhangYi ning did eve nA. better; wellB. well; wellC. well; betterD. better; betters or Tom6. Whose picture is better, JackBoth of them are good. I thi nk Jack drawsTom.B. as well asD. worse tha nA. as good

26、 asC. better than7. It gets veryhere in summer.A. coolB. coldC. warmD. hot8. Be, and you will do well in the En glish exam.A. carefulB. politeC. sureD. frien dly9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school,En glish.A. reallyB. mostlyC. especiallyD. exactly10. The coat is too expe nsive. Look, he

27、re's ano ther on e. It'sand nicer.A. dearerB. cheaperC. olderD. Ion ger11. The populati on of Tianj in istha n that of Shan ghai.A. largerB. lessC. smallerD. fewer12. It ' s raining. We have to stay at home in stead of going fish ing .A. badlyB. hardlyC. heavilyD. stro ngly13. Kate is as

28、as Maria.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest14. She looks very. I think she n eeds to have a rest.A. tiredB. hardC. wellD. hardly15. Tom is terribly ill.we d better send him to hospital asas we can.D. easilyA. slowlyB. quicklyC. quietly16. Do you like the Moo nl ight Son ata?Sure, it sounds rea

29、llyA. clearB. clearlyC. beautifulD. beautifully17. Supermarkets are n ecessary. People usually spendtime finding things they want, butthey usually spe ndmoney tha n they want.A. less; lessB. less; more C. fewer; lessD. fewer; more18. “ Do you want to improve your score in math? Try staying away from

30、 your computer! " Arecent report in Brita in says, Thestude nts use computer at school and at home, thethey do in exams of reading and math."B. less; worseD. less; betterA. more; betterC. more; more19. He speaks Englishan American, so we all believe that he has stayed in America formany ye

31、ars.A. as good asB. worse tha nC. as badly asD. as well as20. The TV programme is bori ng. Shall we play chess in stead?All right. That istha n watch ing a bori ng programme.A. very goodB. much goodC. very betterD. much better21. Even though she looks very young, she is twice my twen ty-year-old sis

32、ter.A. as old asB. older tha nC. so old asD.as older as22. The sooner you take your medic ine.you will feel.A. the more goodB.betterC. the moreD.the better23. Of the four T-shirts I like the blue oneA. much bestB.the bestC. betterD.the better24. Xiao Yang has learnedto study in the U.S.A. En glish e

33、no ughB. eno ugh En glishC. more En glishD. much En glish25. He expla ined it to me, but Iwiserm noA. eno ughB. theC. moreD. much26. Xiao Wang ' s mother bought him aracing bicycle for his birthday.A. five-speedsB. five-speedC. five- speed ' sD. five- speeds '.形容詞與副詞原級、比較級和最高級練習1. The sn

34、ow will be in North China tomorrow.A. very heavyB. much heavy2. The child is too to go to school.A. oldB. young3. Jim can jump than Tom.A. farB. farther4. The Changjiang River is in China.A. the longB. l on ger5. Exercise One is in Less on Ten.A. difficultB. much more difficult6. Who is , Mr. Green

35、or Mr. Smith?A. very richB. much richer7. This is TV set I have ever seen.A. cheaperB. the cheapest8. John is Kate.A. as youngasB. as youn ger as9. Do you thi nkwhich classroom is in our school?A. clea nB. the clea ner10. Mr. Zhang is one of in No. 1 Middle School.A. the busiest teacherB. the busies

36、t teachers11. Could you tell me the way to hospital, please?A. n earB. n earer12. Of all the boxes, the red one is .A. heavyB. heavier13. Our school is not so as theirs.A. smallB. smaller14. Miss Li is Miss Zhao.C. heavierC.youngerC. farthestC. the Ion gestC. the most difficultC. the richestC. the most cheapC.young thanC. the clea nestC. the busy teachersC. the n earestC. the heaviestC. the smallestC. as older asA.