畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文參考資料及譯文現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制

1、畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）外 文 參 考 資 料 及 譯 文譯文題目：現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：專業(yè)：土 木 工 程 所在學(xué)院：建 筑 工 程 學(xué) 院指導(dǎo)教師：職稱 ： 講師 2011年 2 月 21 日Reinforced Concrete Quality Control Box1, stent design and layout1.1 Ground handlin30m width of the box within the soft bottom of all the excavation sites, the use of stone content of 60% or

2、 more of the sand and gravel (on rocks) replacement, cleaning up the hillside section of the hard rock surface, and set the cross slope, slope control in 3% range, to facilitate and remove rainwater.If the longitudinal slope is too large, way to set the stage for easy pad support pedestal formation.

3、Upper reaches of the drainage ditch near the sidewalk excavation, lowering the water level elevation, in order to prevent rainwater and other water flows into the stent area, causing stent sink.1.2 bracket arrangement1.2.1 Scaffold SpecificationsFrame by frame button steel bowl, pole mainly 3.0m, 2.

4、4m, 1.8m3 species, a long pole then staggered arrangement, plunger length 1.5m, 1.2m, 0.9m, bar with 0.9m, 0.6mtwo components, top and bottom with adjustable prop support care.1.2.2 support arrangementBox under the pole vertical distance 0.6m, horizontal distance 0.9m, horizontal and vertical bar st

5、ep 0.6m, and set the scissors truss reinforcement.Stent Xiadian 15 × 15cm sleepers, pole adjustable pedestal support base located in the sleeper, the pole on the set adjusted backwater, backwater above the laying of 15 × 15cm square wooden horizontal, vertical laying of 10 × 10cm squa

6、re of wood.Stand for the shape of Bowl bracket, first determine the initial installation, the installation location, and according to the starting height of the ground level to determine pole placement Sleepers, the use of adjustable elevation of the leveling will be the end of care, to avoid local

7、grievances led to uneven vacant or under Poleuneven, the installation can be installed to take the first measurement of the ground segment elevation, according to the measured data to calculate the pole bottom level, first with the adjustable bottom bracket standard will be four corner pole hang aft

8、er installation of high-profile flat other end of care, aftervertical mounting rails.Notes 1.2.3 stand arrangement(1) When the pole is greater than 60cm height difference between the base, then the pole can be used to adjust the wrong section.(2) take a long pole in the joints should be staggered, t

9、he first layer of 2.4m and 3.0m with long pole in the pole staggered arrangement, and both up the pole with 3.0m, 1.5m and 0.9 to the top and thenm length of the mandrel two leveling.(3) the degree of vertical pole should be strictly controlled: 15m shelf press the following 1 / 200 control, and the

10、 full height of the vertical deviation should be less than 10cm.(4) scaffolding assembled to 3 to 5 storeys, the horizontal bar with a theodolite check the verticality of the degree and the pole.In case of no load pole-by-check for loose or empty floating base, and to tighten the adjustable seat and

11、 promptly adjust the pad Sheet implemented.(5) braced grid should adapt with the size of the shelf.Diagonal brace for the pull bar, layout direction can be arbitrary.Under normal circumstances bracing should be connected to the node with the scaffolding, but also the wrong section layout.(6) diagona

12、l brace layout density, when the scaffold height of less than 20m, in order to frame the whole area of 1 / 2 to 1 / 4, diagonal brace must be symmetrically arranged, and should be evenly distributed.Diagonal brace for strengthening the overall scaffold stiffness and load capacity in it should not be

13、 arbitrarily removed.1.3 supportAfter laying support, the need for pre-press, to test the strength and foundation support and stability, to eliminate the plastic deformation of the entire frame, eliminating the foundation of the settlement, the elastic deformation measured stent.Pre-press materials

14、woven bags of sand or water tanks, pre-stent pressure, pre-press load for the beam weight of 120%. Stent assembly according to the design when the vertical and horizontal distance from the pole arrangement, the top bracket by backwater leveling, the laying ofhorizontal and vertical square wooden boa

15、rd, installing water tanks, or bags of sand used cranes dipping pre-stent pressure.In the center of each segment, lateral left and right side cloth 3 points for observation in the pre-pressure die before the end of the elevation of observations 1, in the process of preloading every 2h observation 1,

16、 observation date to the settlement and stability,unloading after the pre-load pressure on the Elevation of the end of observation 1, observation from the above data to calculate the elastic deformation and foundation support the sink.Preloading accurate measurement of the process can be measured un

17、der the load support beam section will have a value of elastic deformation and ground subsidence, this elastic deformation, ground subsidence and construction of control because of other factors need to put forwardcamber settings overlay, calculated construction camber should be used, according to t

18、he calculated camber adjustment Elevation of the bottom.Also note the outside of the stent at 2m temporary protective facilities to prevent water and rain water into the stent area, causing stent sink.Preloading completed, remove the tank or adjust the pole height of sand bags.1.4 Construction of pr

19、e-camberIn determining the camber should consider the following factors: the box itself and after unloading planes live load vertical deflection produced by half; stent in the elastic compression loads; bracket under load of non-elastic deformation, the bracket baseloads of non-elastic subsidence; t

20、emperature changes caused by the deflection; caused by the concrete creep and creep deflection.According to the deflection and deformation of the stent camber calculated from the sum, as the highest camber, set in the mid-point of the beam span.Other points of camber to the midpoint of the highest v

21、alue to both ends of the beam elastic deformation of the Ministry for the stent, according to the distribution of quadratic parabola.Calculated from the box under the bottom elevation of the box after preloading to re-adjust the Elevation of the bottom.2, template fabrication and installation2.1 tem

22、plates to create and install(1) the end of the template used chunk of plywood, shop at the top of longitudinal frame of wood, the wood and plywood with a nail fixed, transfer mode, complete the unloading mode with adjustable backwater.(2) outside the template within 5cm Heavy plate after polishing p

23、aste = 12mm 15mm bamboo, vertical spacing of 90cm set square wooden support rib, lateral distance of 50cm set channel support ribs.Stand outside the direct distribution of the beam mode, when assembled within the outer after the template on the pull with the screw on the pull-18.(3) The combination

24、of steel used within the model, the local size change using wooden mold, the template is mainly used for pulling the fastening screw, and connected with the scaffold.Roof used in the steel box girder formwork support, direct support in the bottom bracket.(4) Plug the template due to perforation of r

25、einforced and prestressed in the template using plywood digging holes, dug by cutting section size, perforation of reinforced and prestressed pipe must be precisely positioning the cutting.2.2 Template Installation Notes(1) Production of a template before the first familiar with the parts drawing an

26、d template processing maps, engineering structure or component to verify the detail size, complex structure should be like by zooming in order to proper preparation, processing and map production of the approved template, inspected and acceptedbefore use.(2) template to seal the joints, where the ga

27、p, the use of 107 plastic plug close to plasma leakage.(3) the arrangement of the bolt hole should be vertical and horizontal symmetry, a certain degree of regularity and decoration in good condition.(4) connecting seam tape adhesive template, templates, bent pitched complete acceptance of the invit

28、ation after the Commissioner of the next process.3, steel processing and installationFirst test of reinforcing bars, meet the requirements for steel processing, welding the reinforced using double-sided welding, welding length of not less than 5d, smaller internal forces at the joint set, and stagge

29、red layout, welding joint area of not more than 50%.Based on the design drawings, will be reinforced in the next cutting plant material transported to the scene after the banding.Roof, floor, there are a large number of embedded web bellows, in order not to damage the bellows, welded bellows embedde

30、d all before, try not to weld pipe after installation, when the general location of steel bars and corrugated pipe into conflict whenMobile reinforcing bars, the appropriate and accurate positioning steel mesh installed to ensure accurate location of pipelines.Steel banding ago by surveyors retest t

31、he template location and elevation plane, which includes elevation calculated by the deflection of the hanger of the camber set, correct the rear of the steel banding.To enable accurate data protection layer, protective layer pads are not crushed, by setting plastic box pad pad construction.4, bello

32、ws processing installationPosition as shown in the drawings according to design layout bellows, and with the positioning ribs fixed, placed after the pipe must be smooth, non-chine.Length of all pipe joints 5d prevail, the use of corrugated pipe larger size socket to tighten the symmetry, and good j

33、oints wrapped with adhesive tape to prevent concrete slurry mixed with fine, when the pipeline location and conflict with non-prestressed reinforcement to takepipeline-based principles, the appropriate location of the mobile reinforcement to ensure that the correct pipe.Bellows the end of the embedd

34、ed anchor plate should be perpendicular to the channel center line, and does not produce displacement during the concrete pouring.Bellows is installed, it will cover its end to prevent water or other debris to enter.Construction workers, mechanics, pipe vibrator can not crash.Before pouring concrete

35、 pipe carefully examined whether there are major holes in the pipe inspection, the joint is connected firmly, sealing, pipeline location is biased, strict check is correct, the method used air compressor ventilation pipe debris removal to ensure the smooth pipe.5, Tongjiao Notes and healthUsed concr

36、ete pump concrete pumping, pouring time, first floor, after the web, and then the roof, symmetrical structure for each T, hierarchical placement, each 30cm, pouring from the front to the back end, the initial setting of the first layer of concretesub-layer before the completion of concrete placement

37、, to ensure that no cold joints between layers, concrete vibrator vibrator in strict accordance with the role of scope, to prevent leakage pound, pound, and due to excessive vibration, when the prestressed pipe-intensive, gap hours, with a smalldiameter of 30 types of plug-in vibrators, vibrator in

38、the steel must not drag on the flat, non-collision prestressed, template, reinforced; concrete vibrator for the first time after wiping flat surface, concrete roof should be a second hand side,the second hand side should be conducted before the initial setting of concrete, causing surface water to p

39、revent the early dry, concrete pouring has been completed, covering wet sacks or straw bags for conservation.6, tension and duct grouting6.1 La(1) Preparation of box pouring a sufficient quantity of test block with the conditions of health.Prestressing health conditions must be in the same strength

40、of test block after 100% of design strength.(2) has a qualified team of prestressing operations to tension, tension before the tension response and the hydraulic jack used in precision control of the check table, calibration, and stretching equipment to uniform numbers.Sampling done on the strand an

41、d anchorage test.(3) before the clear face tension, pressure plates and steel beams twisted around the mortar, sampling tests according to relevant regulatory requirements on behalf of the actual channel friction parameters.Anchor fixture installation and check for compliance.(4) of the construction

42、 personnel are familiar with the technical training and equipment, operator certificates.Prestressing stress and tension by measuring elongation dual control method operation.(5) procedures for the prestressing: Install anchors and tensioning jack initial stress to initial control measure 15% con in

43、itial tensile elongation value to 100% con (holding charge 2min) content test and record the elongation value compared with the measured value is calculated Tensile elongation return oil from the anchor, jack Check out slide wire.The average tensile force calculation formula: Pp = P 1-e-(u + kx) / (

44、kx + u)Theoretical value of elongation formula: L = Pp × L / (Ag × Eg)Tension during the measurement of each value by the person responsible, serious record, a reasonable calculation of the actual elongation value, the actual elongation value addition to measure, it should be coupled with

45、the projected value when the initial stress:L0 = 0.15kL / (Ag × Eg)Accurate calculation of each of the theoretical value of elongation of steel beams, carefully measure the actual elongation value of each beam.Prestressing stress and strain used double control, tension control that is standard

46、under the premise of the stress, the actual elongation of steel beams were checked.Elongation values measured when the initial stress and the projected value and the theoretical value of elongation of the relative error of no more than ± 6%, if more than ± 6% to stop the tension, analyze t

47、he causes and take timely measures.6.2 Duct Grouting(1) grouting sequence.In principle, from one end to the other end of the grouting, when the pipeline when more than 35m, set the links in the pipeline, from one end to the three links grouting a slurry, and then from the links to the other end of t

48、he grouting, grouting in cycles.(2) Preparation before grouting.Air compressor blowing water pipelines; check the grouting materials used are complete enough; inspection equipment, tools are installed for good performance; check stand is solid, the effectiveness of safety facilities.(3) Grouting.Lab

49、el according to the design requirements of laboratory prepared slurry, water slurry should adopt the ordinary portland cement, water-cement ratio of 0.4 to 0.45 between the control, consistency control of slurry between the 14s 18s.Grouting cement slurry mixing machine in the bucket for mixing the m

50、ortar, add water to the mixing machine first, and then into the cement, after mixing then add the full expansion agent, expansive agent dosage control in strict accordance with the ratio test,the total amount of cement generally do not exceed 0.01%. slurry ratio of 24h control the bleeding rate with

51、in 3%, less than 10% expansion rate control.Good mixing into the slurry from the mixing machine piston injection pump, the grouting from the box into one end, until the overflow from the vent hole until the consistency of a uniform slurry, grouting pipe valve closed until the slurry solidification,g

52、routing pressure shall be controlled at 0.5MPa 0.7MPa. slurry from the mixing to the duration of pressure into the pore to control at 30min 45min range.Test in the whole grouting process must stand beside the record, and not less than 5 specimens from each working group classes 7.07 × 7.07 

53、5; 7.07cm slurry specimen, standard curing for 28 days to check the quality of its compressive strength as a slurryassessment basis.6.3 AnchorAnchor ring by cutting wheel machine outside the extra strand, and continue to sprinkle water to prevent heat transfer.Capping and cover casting concrete beam

54、s with the label, use is strictly prohibited in the casting process vibrated vibrated rods, tamping artificial smooth.Sprinkler after the final setting time of concrete curing, curing time of not less than 7 days.現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土箱梁的質(zhì)量控制1、支架設(shè)計(jì)及布設(shè)1.1地基處理將箱梁下方30m寬度范圍內(nèi)松軟地段全部挖除，采用含石量在60%以上的砂礫石（開山石）換填，山坡地段清理出堅(jiān)硬的巖面

55、，并設(shè)置橫坡，坡度控制在3%范圍內(nèi)，便于及時(shí)排除雨水。如縱向坡度過(guò)大，采取設(shè)置臺(tái)階方式，便于底托支墊平整。上游靠近便道開挖水溝排水，降低水位標(biāo)高，以防止雨水和其他水流入支架區(qū)，引起支架下沉。1.2支架布置1.2.1支架材料規(guī)格支架采用碗扣式鋼管架，立桿主要采用3.0m、2.4m、1.8m3種，立桿接長(zhǎng)錯(cuò)開布置，頂桿長(zhǎng)度為1.5m、1.2m、0.9m，橫桿采用0.9m、0.6m兩種組成，頂?shù)淄胁捎每烧{(diào)托撐。1.2.2支架布置箱梁下立桿縱距0.6m，橫距0.9m，橫向及縱向橫桿步距0.6m，并設(shè)置剪刀斜撐加固。支架下墊15×15cm枕木，立桿底設(shè)可調(diào)底托支于枕木上，立桿上設(shè)可調(diào)頂托，頂托

56、上方鋪設(shè)15×15cm橫向方木，縱向鋪設(shè)10×10cm方木。碗扣支架為定型支架，安裝時(shí)先確定起始安裝位置，并根據(jù)地面標(biāo)高確定立桿起始高度安放枕木，利用可調(diào)底托將標(biāo)高調(diào)平，避免局部不平導(dǎo)致立桿不平懸空或受力不均，安裝可采取先測(cè)量所安裝節(jié)段地面標(biāo)高，根據(jù)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算出立桿底面標(biāo)高，先用可調(diào)底托將4個(gè)角標(biāo)立桿高調(diào)平后掛線安裝其他底托，后安裝立桿。1.2.3支架布設(shè)注意事項(xiàng)（1）當(dāng)立桿基底間的高差大于60cm時(shí)，則可用立桿錯(cuò)節(jié)來(lái)調(diào)整。（2）立桿的接長(zhǎng)縫應(yīng)錯(cuò)開，即第一層立桿應(yīng)用長(zhǎng)2.4m和3.0m的立桿錯(cuò)開布置，往上則均采用3.0m的立桿，至頂層再用1.5m和0.9m兩種長(zhǎng)度的頂桿找

57、平。（3）立桿的垂直度應(yīng)嚴(yán)格加以控制：15m以下架子按1/200控制，且全高的垂直偏差應(yīng)不大于10cm。（4）腳手架拼裝到35層高時(shí)，用經(jīng)緯儀檢查橫桿的水平度和立桿的垂直度。在無(wú)荷載情況下逐個(gè)檢查立桿底座有無(wú)松動(dòng)或空浮情況，并及時(shí)旋緊可調(diào)座和薄鋼板調(diào)整墊實(shí)。（5）斜撐的網(wǎng)格應(yīng)與架子的尺寸相適應(yīng)。斜撐桿為拉壓桿，布置方向可任意。一般情況下斜撐應(yīng)盡量與腳手架的節(jié)點(diǎn)相連，但亦可以錯(cuò)節(jié)布置。（6）斜撐桿的布置密度，當(dāng)腳手架高度低于20m時(shí)，為整架面積的1/21/4，斜撐桿必須對(duì)稱布置，且應(yīng)分布均勻。斜撐桿對(duì)于加強(qiáng)腳手架的整體剛度和承載能力的關(guān)系很大，不應(yīng)隨意拆除。1.3支架預(yù)壓支架鋪設(shè)完畢后，需進(jìn)行預(yù)

58、壓，以檢驗(yàn)支架及地基的強(qiáng)度及穩(wěn)定性，消除整個(gè)支架的塑性變形，消除地基的沉降變形，測(cè)量出支架的彈性變形。預(yù)壓材料用編織袋裝砂或水箱對(duì)支架進(jìn)行預(yù)壓，預(yù)壓荷載為梁體自重的120%.支架拼裝時(shí)按設(shè)計(jì)縱距及橫距布置立桿，支架頂利用頂托調(diào)平，鋪設(shè)橫向方木和縱向木板，安裝水箱或用吊車吊放砂袋對(duì)支架進(jìn)行預(yù)壓。在每一節(jié)段的中心、橫向左右側(cè)布3個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行觀測(cè)，在預(yù)壓前對(duì)底模的標(biāo)高觀測(cè)1次，在預(yù)壓的過(guò)程中平均每2h觀測(cè)1次，觀測(cè)至沉降穩(wěn)定為止，將預(yù)壓荷載卸載后再對(duì)底模標(biāo)高觀測(cè)1次，從以上的觀測(cè)資料中計(jì)算出支架的彈性變形及地基的下沉。預(yù)壓過(guò)程中進(jìn)行精確的測(cè)量，可測(cè)出梁段荷載作用下支架將產(chǎn)生的彈性變形值及地基下沉值，將此彈性變形值、地基下沉值與施工控制中提出的因其他因素需要設(shè)置的預(yù)拱度疊加，算出施工時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用的預(yù)拱度，按算出的預(yù)拱度調(diào)整底模標(biāo)高。同時(shí)要注意在支架外側(cè)2m處設(shè)置臨時(shí)防護(hù)設(shè)施，防止流水和雨水流入支架區(qū)，引起支架下沉。預(yù)壓完成，移除水箱或砂袋調(diào)整立桿高度。1.4施工預(yù)拱度在確定預(yù)拱度時(shí)應(yīng)考慮下列因素：卸架后箱梁本身及活載一半所產(chǎn)生的豎向撓度；支架在荷載作用下的彈性壓縮；支架在荷載作用下的非彈性變形，支架基底在荷載作用下的非彈性沉陷；由溫度變化而引起的撓度；由砼徐變引起的徐變撓度。根據(jù)梁的撓度和支架的變形所