高考英語之概要寫作

1、概要寫作（Summary writing）,被稱為小作文”。概要寫作分 值占據(jù)15分，考查的是考生閱讀和寫作的綜合能力。概要寫作所給定的語篇一般在 200-250字，內(nèi)容豐富多樣，包含故事、時(shí)政、 科普等，體裁以記敘文、說明文為主，字?jǐn)?shù)一般要求在50-60字，答案盡量符合“ Key points of a summary勺要求一.正確認(rèn)識概要寫作1. Definition of summary writing （概要寫作的定義）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a pass

2、age, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary （概要寫作的要點(diǎn)）Conciseness （簡要，性）： Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness;（完整，性）： To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you

3、 own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy （準(zhǔn)確，性）： To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（連貫性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity （客觀性

4、）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary （概要寫作的步驟）1) Skim the text to find out the general theme.2) Analyze the text' s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main

5、idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)3) Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4) Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5) Proofre

6、ad for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary (概要寫作的開頭)Begin your summary with:*The author ' s name*The article ' s or chapter ' s name* The author ' s thesis statemengeneral-overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes

7、He then points out that In addition, the author talks aboutFinally, the author suggestsSome other introductory phrases:* (The author) states in (this article) that* (The author), in (this article) shows that * In (this article), (the author) writes that* As (the author) says in (this article),*The m

8、ain idea of (the author ' s article) is *The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause *The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.2 .記敘文概要寫作記敘文體的閱讀材料，相比其他文體而言，寫概要相對容易。在寫概要前， 除明確文章主題外，還應(yīng)抓住六個(gè)要素：when, wher

9、e, who, what, why, how。在這六個(gè)要素中，所占內(nèi)容比重最大的是what。一般來說，記敘文的故事概要可以用這樣的模板來表示：Who did what by because 不是說每個(gè)故事概要都包含 how或why,有時(shí)兩者選其一即可。Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was

10、 really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seem

11、ed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(動)to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn ' t know where I was or even how fahad gone from the shore. What was w

12、orse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time,

13、 suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn' t say a word but cried in my father' s arms.材料分析：根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容，這是一篇故事類的記敘文，要求對其進(jìn)行概要 寫作。因此，我們先找出記敘文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in

14、IndonesiaWho " I ” , the writerWhatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要點(diǎn)之后，就可以用自己的話將要點(diǎn)組織起來，概括成一段約50詞的通順概要：The passage tells us the writer' s experience of adventure. Once the writer w;on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alo

15、ne. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. (44 words)3 .說明文概要寫作要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥說明文體的閱讀材料內(nèi)容大致可分為以下幾類：現(xiàn)象揭示類：利弊對比類：The passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side, ，but it may also 研究顯示類：The study reveals that The purpose of t

16、he report is to show thatDirections: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink（發(fā)出惡臭）,and can leak harmful substances into

17、the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they th

18、ink the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.材料分析：根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容，這是一篇講包裝材料所帶來的問題的說明文， 要求對其進(jìn)行概要寫作。因此，我們必須首先弄清每一段落的主要內(nèi)容是什 么。第一段開頭第一句話 “A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total.是段落的中心句，同時(shí)也點(diǎn)明了文章 的主題，后面就在以牙膏為例進(jìn)行舉例說明。第二段主要講的是包裝材料所帶 來的問題，主要包括兩方面，一是垃圾進(jìn)入填埋場后所造成的污染；二是這些 包裝材料在生產(chǎn)過程中會產(chǎn)生對空氣和水的污染。第三段主要在