情態(tài)動(dòng)詞精講精練(附練習(xí)答案)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣 :情態(tài)動(dòng)詞兩要點(diǎn) ;動(dòng)詞原形跟后面 ,說(shuō)話語(yǔ)氣較委婉 ,can 表 " 能力 "may" 許可 ",must" 責(zé)任 " 或 "義務(wù) ",否定回答 "needn't" 換 ;should" 應(yīng)該 ",would" 愿 ",have to " 被迫 " 表客觀 .注釋 :對(duì) must 構(gòu)成的一般疑問(wèn)句作否定回答只能用needn't.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can (could), may (might), must,

2、have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)一 can 和 could情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法表示能力在肯定句中，表示客觀可能性can/could例句1“ I don t think Mike can type.”“ Yes, he can.”2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn t last year.1.As a human being, anyone can make

3、a mistake.2 I m confident that a solution can be found.3 He can be very forgetful sometimes.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求，口語(yǔ)中常用 could 代替can，使語(yǔ)氣更委婉。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3 I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的猜測(cè)，主要用在否

4、定句和疑問(wèn)句中。1 It can t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?特別說(shuō)明：（ 1） could 用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，不能用于肯定句，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用can（即： could 不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.)(2) can 和 be able to 辨析can(cou

5、ld)和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但can 只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，而be able to 則有更多的形式。如：I ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)的某一場(chǎng)合經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereable to 來(lái)表示。這時(shí)， was/were able to 相當(dāng)于 managed

6、to do 或 succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3)慣用形式 “cannot too 或”“ cannot/never .enough表示 “無(wú)論怎么 也不（過(guò)分） ”。如：You can t think too highly of him.You cannot be too careful.

7、= You can never be careful enough. 你越小心越好。I really cannot thank you enough.It s been an amazing day.(4) 慣用形式 “cannot but+ 不定式（不帶to） ”表示 “不得不，只好 ”。如：I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不欽佩你的決心。(5) 慣用形式cannot help but do sth cannot help (doing )sth作 “忍不住，不禁”講。如：The girl couldn t help but live on

8、herself. 小女孩不得不自食其力。When I try to speak,I can t help making mistakes我一開(kāi)口.說(shuō)話，就禁不住犯錯(cuò)誤。二 may 和 might情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法表 示 允 許 、 許 可 。 否 定 回 答 一 般 用mustnot/mustn 表t,示 “禁止、阻止 ”之意，但也可以用 had better not (最好別 )或 may not （不可以），語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。在表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)， might 比 may 語(yǔ)氣更委婉些。用 May I 征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語(yǔ)中，用Can I 征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)更為常見(jiàn)。m

9、ay/might表示可能性的推測(cè)，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有 “或許 ”“大概 ”“可能 ”之意；用 might 代替 may 時(shí)，則語(yǔ)氣顯得更加不肯定。may 用于祈使句表示祝愿，倒裝。例句1 May I come in and wait?2 May I smoke here? No, you mustn t(或 No, you d better not.)1 Might I borrow your pen?2 I wonder if I might speak to your son.1 It may rain this afternoon.2 She might come to jo

10、in us this afternoon.3 I suppose he might have missed the train.1 May you succeed.2 Long may he live! 愿他能持續(xù)住下去。3 May she rest in peace.愿她安息。慣用句式：“may well+ 動(dòng)詞原形 ”，表示 “有充分的理由可以或 “有可能 ”。相當(dāng)于 to be very likely to1 You may well say so. 你很有理由這樣說(shuō)?！?2 There may well be a real problem here. 3 There is nothin

11、g to do, so I may as well go“may as well 或 might(just)as well+動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示有禮貌地勸告，意為 “還是。的好 ”to bed.4 You may as well tell us now, we llfind out sooner or later.三 must 和 have to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句表示 “必須，應(yīng)該 ”之意，語(yǔ)氣比 should ，ought to 強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式 mustnt表示 “不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止 ”等意1 You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must o

12、bey the law.3You mustn t drive so fast in the street.4 We mustn t waste any more time.must在 回 答 帶 有must的 問(wèn) 句 時(shí) ， 否定 回 答 常 用1 Must I come back before ten?needn t或 don t have to.Yes， you must.(No, you needn t)表示有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是、相必 ”，1 It must be my mother.只用于肯定句中2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 Ther

13、e must be a hole in the wall.表示說(shuō)話人不滿的語(yǔ)氣。“偏偏 ”“偏執(zhí) ”“固執(zhí) ”1. Why must you always interrupt me ?2. It can't help.He must go with me.have to “必須，不得不 ”，意義與 must 相近。但must 表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過(guò)去式都是一種形式，而 have to 則涉及各種人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。兩者的否定意義不同， mustnt表示 “禁止，不許 ”， dont have to表示不必

14、。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hos-pital.1 I had to work hard when I was your age.2 I will have to learn how to use a computer.3 In order to take the exam, we ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .1 You mustn t go

15、 there.2 You don t have to go there.特別說(shuō)明：1. must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)而變化。如：It must be nice to take a walk here, isn t it?Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？2. Must have done 的反意疑問(wèn)句有三種情況: 從句中含有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),反意疑問(wèn)句用過(guò)去時(shí).The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn

16、 t it? 從句中含有過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),反意疑問(wèn)句用過(guò)去完成時(shí).By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn t we? 若從句中不含任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),反意疑問(wèn)句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)We must have been met somewhere (before), haven t we?3. must 表示 “必須 ” 有“必要 ”時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句部分用mustn t.或? needn t .?You must go home right now, needn t you?4. must 用否定形式mustn t時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)

17、句部分用may 或 must ?You mustn t cheat in the examination,must you?四 shall和 should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法shall用于第一、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例句1 Shall I open the window?2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then?3 What shall I get for dinner?1 Don tworry, you shall get the answer this afte r-noon.( 允諾

18、)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should在條約規(guī)定法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定， “應(yīng) ，須 ，得 ” 用于第三人稱。用法表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該 ”表示推測(cè)，用在肯定句中，通常指有事實(shí)依據(jù)， 常理推斷。意為 “想 必，大概，或許 ”還可以用在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè)，譯作“萬(wàn)一，竟然 ”，這時(shí)也可將 should 置于從句之首，省略 if.主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）3 You shall do as I say. 命(令 )4

19、If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. ( 威脅 )1.The new regulation shall take effect on June 1 st2.Don't worry,sir! All payments shall be made by the end of the month.3.The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。例句1 What should I do?2 Should I trust him?3 You should

20、read his new book.1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.2.Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3 He should be around sixty years old.1.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.2 Should I be free tomorrow, I萬(wàn)ll一come我明.天(有時(shí)間，我就過(guò)來(lái))3.If things should change suddenly, please let me know.(萬(wàn)一情況突變，請(qǐng)通知

21、我)4.If it should snow tomorrow,we could take photos out-side.五 will 和 would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will 指現(xiàn)在，1 He is the man who will go his own way. ( 他首歌自行would 指過(guò)去。其是的人。 )2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the sta-tion.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，用would 比用 will1.Will you please take a message for him?委婉、

22、客氣。2 Would you please tell me your telephone number?表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于”。will 至現(xiàn)在， would 指過(guò)去。1 This old man is strange.She will sit for hours without saying anything.2 People will talk. ( 人們總會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。)3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.表示推測(cè)，意為 “很可能，大概 ”。 will 表示推測(cè)比 sho

23、uld 把握大，比 must 把握小。1 These things will happen.2 This will be the house you're looking for. 這大概就是你找的那所房子了。3 It would be about teno clock when he left home.表示規(guī)律性的“注定會(huì) ”。1.People will die without air.沒(méi)有空氣，人就會(huì)死去。2. Oil will float on water.表示功能，意為“能，行 ”。慣用形式：1 That will be all right.will do/woulddo表示

24、 “解決問(wèn)題 ”、 “就2 Either pen will do.行 ”。3 It would not do to worktoo late. （工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意為“不肯 ”、 “不樂(lè)意 ”1 I won t listen to your nonsense.2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me.特別說(shuō)明： would 與 used to 辨析would 可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，但不能表示過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)，所以我們不能說(shuō)：“ she would be a quiet girl.另外， would 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某種特定情

25、況下的活動(dòng)，是完全過(guò)去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。而used to 則著眼于過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would 可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，used to 則不可。如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. C

26、hen for help.六 .need 和 dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法用于表示 “需要，必要 ”之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，只有現(xiàn)在need時(shí)，疑問(wèn)式用 need+人稱 ,否定式用 neednot( 即 needn't ），七 .七 .例句1 Need we leave soon?Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)2 You needn't have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry ， but you did). 你當(dāng)時(shí)不必這么匆忙。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句用于表示 “敢于 ”

27、之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同。在肯定句中， dare 后接帶 to 的不定式；否定句中， dare 后既可接帶 to 的不定式，也可接不帶 to 的不定式。I dare say 作插入語(yǔ) ,我想 , 大概 , 可能 , 或許七 ought 的用法：1 Dare you tell her the truth? Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t.3 How dare you accuse me of lying!4 He daren t admit this.1 Only a f

28、ew journalists dared to cover the story.2 He doesn daret (to) go there alone.3 Don t you dare (to) touch it?1.You are tired.I dare say.我想你是累了。2.I dare say you've spent all your money by now. 我估計(jì)你的錢現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用完了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法表示 “應(yīng)該 ”之意，同 should,。表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比 should 語(yǔ)氣重。ought to do例句1 You ought to take care of hi

29、m.2 Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn t to.表示推測(cè)。注意與must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)1 He must be home by now. ( 斷定他已到家 )別2 He ought to be home by now. ( 不十分肯定 )ought to ( 客觀推測(cè) ), must( 主觀推測(cè) )。3 This is where the oil must be. ( 比較直率 )4 This is where the oil ought to be. ( 比較含蓄 )說(shuō)明： should 與 ought to 表示 “應(yīng)

30、該 ”時(shí)的區(qū)別should 表示自己的主觀看法，而ought to 的語(yǔ)氣中，含有“按道理應(yīng)該 ”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用ought to 。如：You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +have done”用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +have done用法must have done表示主觀上對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為 “想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事 ”例句1.She must have go

31、ne through a lot.2.He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許 / 或許已經(jīng)（沒(méi)有） “。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問(wèn)句。用 might 則表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。1.You may have learnt the news.2.He may not have heard his name called.3.Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the

32、 alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯cannot have done定，通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。（ can 換成 could 時(shí)語(yǔ)氣委婉）1.Where can she have gone?2.Could he have done such a foolish thing?3.The boy can t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have do

33、ne可用于肯定句中，表示 “可能已經(jīng) ”1.He could have killed himself driving at a dan-之意，此外，還可以表示過(guò)去能做而gerous speed.沒(méi)做的事，有一種對(duì)過(guò)去為付諸實(shí)施2.You could have been more considerate.的事情的惋惜。3.You could have done better, but you were toocareless.might have done表示 “本來(lái)可能 ，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情 ”。另外，還可以表示 “本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事 ”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。1 You should

34、 not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/oughttohave用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，而done實(shí)際上未做；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。1.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2.You shouldn t havedon it so carelessly.3.

35、You ought not to have refused his offer.needn t have done表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事。注意： didn needt to do 表示 “沒(méi)必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事 ”1.You needn havet watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didn needt to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為 “當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事 ”，其否定式 had better

36、not have done 表示相反的含義。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.wouldrather have 表示 “當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事 ”，其否定式1 I would rather have taken his advice.donewould rather not have done 表示相反2 I would rather not have told him the truth.的含義，兩者都表示 “后悔 ”之意?？偨Y(jié) :一、猜測(cè) : must, may, might,

37、can, could只能用于肯定句 ,非?？隙ǖ牟聹y(cè)的是_只能用于肯定句 ,表示可能的猜測(cè)_只能用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句_過(guò)去時(shí)用 _表示預(yù)測(cè)，主觀推測(cè)或期待“應(yīng)當(dāng) ”_二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式的?？键c(diǎn)有：mustn t禁止、嚴(yán)禁、不準(zhǔn)needn t不必要、沒(méi)必要 (=don t have to)can t不可能may not 可能不、或許不shouldn 不t應(yīng)該（ =ought not to )三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),批評(píng) ,反悔等意should have done_ought to have done_could have done_needn t have

38、done_may/ might have done_must have done_can t have done_四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài)1.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形 ”。2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)，用 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be ”， “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing 或” “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”。3.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have +過(guò)去分詞 ”。五補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)調(diào)：推測(cè)的句型特點(diǎn)（對(duì)某一次的推測(cè)句型有兩部分：語(yǔ)氣和時(shí)態(tài)）（ 1）語(yǔ)氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)至弱）肯定句： must、 may、 might （=could）否定句： cant（=couldn t）、

39、maynt、 mightn t疑問(wèn)句： can、 could（語(yǔ)氣更加委婉不確定）（ 2）時(shí)態(tài)部分：be 表示對(duì) 現(xiàn)在的推測(cè) have done 表示對(duì) 過(guò)去 的推測(cè) be doing 表示對(duì) 正在進(jìn)行 的推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣部分寫在前時(shí)態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測(cè)六情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的解題關(guān)鍵：時(shí)間決定形式語(yǔ)氣決定選詞解答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的試題時(shí)，一要清楚被推測(cè)的時(shí)間，二要清楚有無(wú)客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)。若有客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，無(wú)論是肯定還是否定的推測(cè)，推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案；若無(wú)客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，則推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題（一）1)A computer _think for its

40、elf, it must be told what to do.A. can tB. couldn tC. may notD. might not2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to3)-Where is my uncle, Mary?-He _ in the bedroom.A. must have beenB. must be C. may have been D. should have been4)P

41、eter _ come with us tonight, but he isn t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will5) -That must be a mistake.-No, it _ a mistake.A. must not beB. needn t beC. can not be D. would not be6) It s nearly 7 o clockcome.Dadhome soon.A. canB. couldC. wouldD. should7)-Are you coming to Jeff s party?-I m not

42、 sure. I _ go to the concert tonight.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might8)You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can tB. mustn tC. neednt9)Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. won t; can tB. mustn t; mayC. shouldn t, mustD. can t; shouldnt10).I didn

43、 t hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must beB. must have been C. should be D. should have been11).I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustn t have spoken B. shouldn t have spokenC. needn t have spoken D. couldn t have spoke12).I can t find Mr. Smith anywherethein o

44、ffice building. Where _ he have gone?A. mustB. canC. shouldD. need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題（二）1. _ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?No. It _ be Wu Dong who did it.A. Can; mustB. Must; needC. May; mustD. Need; can2. Don t forget to visit me when you come to Beijing._.A. I dontB. I wontC. I cantD. I havent3. Could I u

45、se your bike?Yes, surely you _.A. mightB. willC. canD. should4. Her brother _ be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A. mustn t B. needn t C. can t D. shouldn t 5. When can you get my car repaired? I need it tomorrow morning.It _ be ready by 8:00.A. canB. need

46、C. mightD. should6. Are you coming for dinner?I m not quite sure. I _ go to my uncles instead.A. mustB. wouldC. ShouldD. might7. Don t believe him. What he said_ be true.A. mustn tB. neednCt.shouldn tD. may not8. _ I go home now, sir?No, you _. You should finish the composition first.A. Might; would

47、nt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt9._ he use your bike?Certainly. Here is the key.A. ShallB. MustC. WillD. Does10. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _he be late for the important meeting?A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題（三）1.I lived with my sister this summer and di

48、dn t have to paysaverentmost.SoI of my salary.A. was able toB. wouldC. couldD. should2.I promised to get there before 5 o clock, but now the traffic is still so heavyfor.Theyme impatiently.A. may waitB. must be waitingC. could wait D. ought to wait3.I _ her, but I never could.A. ought to helpB. must help C. must have helpedD. ought to have helped4.The Smiths went to the country for the weekend as they _ to the office.A. needn t have goneB. mustn t goC. may not go D. d