Unit5Dreams新編大學(xué)英語第二版第二冊課文翻譯

1、Unit 5 DreamsAre You a Dreamer?1 Dreams - why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thingas a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions haveinterested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about t

2、he physical process of sleep, but they still don't offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.2 Everyone dreams it's just that some of us can't remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall a

3、sleep. Wedream for most of the night, but we're only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when wedream. Wehave four or five REMstages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep.

4、 After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses.3 The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get

5、an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need.4 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in whi

6、ch you try to run but your legs won't movemay be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.5 But such physiol

7、ogical explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream.Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.6 Some dreams reflect inner fear

8、s that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly.7 But what of the dreams that

9、do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both menand womenhave sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possiblya dreamthe oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predic

10、ted a long life.8 By AD200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen).9 Today, there

11、are countless books offering dream interpretations in librariesand bookshops. They're as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, "Dreams are closely tied up with an individual's

12、mind and analysis is soopen to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream."你做夢嗎？1 夢 . 我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)做夢？夢有意義嗎？真的有夢中所見的事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)這種事嗎？幾千年來這些問題一直讓人們感興趣。過去幾十年的科學(xué)發(fā)展對睡眠的自然過程有了較多的認(rèn)識.然而對于與夢有關(guān)的諸多問題依然沒有提供最終的答案. 這些問題還要繼續(xù)困惑我們。2 人人都做夢只不過有些人不記得

13、做過夢罷了。 人類腦電波的記錄顯示我們所有人入睡后就進(jìn)入夢境。整個(gè)夜晚的大多數(shù)時(shí)間我們都在做夢. 但只有當(dāng)我們處在REM （眼睛迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) ） 睡眠階段時(shí)醒來. 才會(huì)記住所做的夢。眼睛迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)階段便是我們做夢的時(shí)候。每晚我們有四、五個(gè)REM垂眠階段.第一次出現(xiàn)在入睡后的 90分鐘左右。此后.夢期每90分鐘復(fù)現(xiàn)一次 . 每次持續(xù)15 到 45 分鐘 . 持續(xù)時(shí)間隨著夜晚的深入逐漸增長。3 睡眠的主要目的（除讓我們休息外）也許就是讓我們做夢讓我們以一種截然不同的方式回顧我們的生活、我們的憂慮和希望. 以及在潛意識中觀察自我. 把不再需要的資料從記憶中剔除。4 有些夢可能是由簡單的生理原因引起的。例如

14、. 夢到在灼熱的煤塊上行走很可能是因?yàn)樗邥r(shí)腳太靠近取暖器。而夢到想跑但兩腿卻動(dòng)彈不了這種令人沮喪的境況. 也許是被子裹得太緊的緣故。鬧鈴響了而依然熟睡的人則很可能會(huì)夢到門鈴或電話鈴響。所有這些都是潛意識和意識共同引導(dǎo)和啟示我們的簡單例子。5 不過這些從生理的角度進(jìn)行的解釋尚不足以說明為什么我們會(huì)做夢。有些人認(rèn)為夢純粹是無稽之談. 僅僅是人腦中電脈沖無的放矢的結(jié)果. 然而 . 有些人則認(rèn)為最簡單的夢都具有重要的含義。6 有些夢反映的內(nèi)心憂慮是立即可以識別的。夢見失去工作或者沒了房子. 也許是反映了真實(shí)的憂慮. 即便這些憂慮只是潛意識的。我們大多數(shù)人都夢見過必須參加一門很難的課程的期末考試. 也

15、許是一門從未修過的. 或許是學(xué)得很糟的課程。7 但是 . 有一些夢并沒有這樣明顯的含義. 這是怎么回事呢？多個(gè)世紀(jì)以來. 男男女女都從所謂的解夢字典中尋找答案. 這類字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000 年。根據(jù)這些字典. 夢見喝酒意味著短命. 而夢見喝水則預(yù)示長壽。8 一直到公元200 年 . 解夢字典受歡迎的程度仍絲毫未減。當(dāng)時(shí) . 古希臘的阿爾米多魯斯寫了一部長達(dá)五卷的書. 解析了 3000 多個(gè)夢 . 列舉了一系列的象征. 諸如右手（表示父親）. 左手（表示母親）. 以及海豚（表示好兆頭）。9 如今 . 圖書館和書店里有無數(shù)的書籍為夢做解析。對于那些熱衷于探討夢的人來說. 它們依然深受歡

16、迎。然而. 多數(shù)專家警告說. 讀這些書時(shí)要非常謹(jǐn)慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思桑德斯解釋說：“夢與每個(gè)人的思維密切相關(guān).因此分析往往容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤和偏差。我認(rèn)為 . 只有當(dāng)你了解了做夢的人時(shí). 才能發(fā)現(xiàn)夢的真正含義。”Dreams That Came True1 On the night of November 7, 1965, Mary Daughtery had a nightmare. She cannot forget that dream nor can her husband, George. She tells of it like this: “ I dreamed I was on

17、 a hill at night. Lightning flashed and thunder rolled. Then I saw a bright light in the sky. There was a loud impact and I heard screams everywhere.”2 Mary says that then she saw a hand lying on the ground. She had a sense of dread, but she went closer. Then she saw an arm and then the shattered bo

18、dy at the end of the arm. She says that in her dream she screamed,“ Somebody please help! ”Then she saw some men with a large basket made of wicker. They put the body into the basket and went away.3 Mary was still screaming when she woke up. “ Mary! ” George was bending over her, shaking her. “ What

19、 is the matter? ” he asked.4 Mary told him, “ I just saw you killed in a plane crash. Oh George, please don't go on th at plane to Cincinnati. ”5 Mary begged him not to go, but George would not let her stop him. But as he drove to the airport, George began to feel strange . Then he saw a plane f

20、lying overhead, and his heart began to thump with fear. Then he knew he could not get on the plane. He called the airport and told them to cancel his ticket. Then he called Mary and took the train to Cincinnati.6 That night, Flight 383 ran into a bad storm when it tried to land in Cincinnati. The pl

21、ane crashed into a hill. Mary saw the news report on television. It was just like her dream. She saw men with baskets come to carry away bodies. But she knew George was safe. He was safe because of the omen of her dream.7 John Bradley also had a dream like this. Helived in England and was a teacher.

22、 He was also a naturalist. He liked to take his class on field trips to learn about nature.8 One night he had a dream. It came to him a week before one of the field trips he had planned. He dreamed he was leading his class along a country lane beside a churchyard.9 In his dream, Bradley told two of

23、the boys to lead the way through the churchyard. He would walk at the other end of the line to keep the small children moving. But as they went through the churchyard, Bradley felt the ground shake. Then he heard a loud cracking and ripping sound. Then something huge and dark rushed towards him. It

24、was a huge elm tree. It crashed down right on top of the line of children.10 Bradley was very upset by his dream. He thought he should cancel the trip. He told his class about the dream, but they laughed at him. And they did not want to call off the trip. Even the other teachers laughed at him and t

25、old him he should not spoil the children's fun. So Bradley agreed that they would go.“ But you mustpromise, ” he told them, “ to go only where I tell you to go. ”11 So the field trip went ahead. When they came to the lane, Bradley would not let the children take a detour through the churchyard.

26、Someof them thought this was silly, but they did what they were told.12 At the end of the lane, they came to a bridge across a river. The older boys came to a halt and asked, “ Which way shall we go, sir? Shall we cross the river or stay on the path beside it? ”13 Bradley stopped. He had a funny f e

27、eling about the footpath. “ Cross the bridge, ” he told them. So the children began to walk across the bridge. Then Bradley heard the same terrible cracking sound he had heard in his dream. He looked back.On the very edge of the footpath, he saw a huge elm shake and tremble. Then it fell to the grou

28、nd. His premonition had come true. The children stared at each other and then at their teacher. If they had walked along the footpath, they would have been at the very spot where the tree had fallen.成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的夢1 1965年11月7日的晚上.瑪麗都特瑞做了一個(gè)噩夢。她忘不了那個(gè)夢.她的丈夫喬治也忘不了。她是這么講述自己的夢的：“我夢見夜里自己在一座山上。 電閃雷鳴。然后我看見天上一道亮光。巨大的撞

29、擊聲. 然后我聽到四處都是尖叫聲?！? 瑪麗說 . 她接著看見地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕. 但還是走上前去。然后她看見了一只胳膊 . 胳膊的那頭是疏疏落落的尸體碎塊。她說 . 她在夢里尖叫起來： “快來人哪！ ”然后她看見一些人抬著一個(gè)大柳條筐。他們把尸體放進(jìn)筐里. 就走了。3 瑪麗驚醒時(shí)還在叫喊著。“瑪麗！”喬治俯下身 . 推推她?！霸趺戳?？”他問。4 瑪麗告訴他： “我剛才夢見你飛機(jī)失事死了。 噢 . 喬治 . 求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班?！? 瑪麗求他不要去. 但是喬治不聽她的勸阻。然而. 在他開車去機(jī)場的路上. 喬治開始感到有點(diǎn)不對頭。接著他看見一架飛機(jī)從頭頂飛過. 心慌得砰砰

30、直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飛機(jī)了。他給機(jī)場打電話. 取消了機(jī)票。然后他給瑪麗打電話. 接著乘火車去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上.383 次航班試圖在辛辛那提降落時(shí)遇上了暴風(fēng)雨。飛機(jī)撞上了一座山?，旣愒陔娨暽峡吹搅擞嘘P(guān)的新聞報(bào)道。那情形就同她夢見的一模一樣。她看見人們拿筐運(yùn)走了尸體。但是她知道喬治沒事。因?yàn)橛辛怂菈舻念A(yù)兆. 喬治得以安然無恙。7 約翰布雷德利也做過類似的夢。他住在英格蘭 .是一位教師。他還是一位博物學(xué)家 .喜歡帶他班上的學(xué)生到校外考察旅行. 了解大自然。8 一天晚上. 他做了一個(gè)夢。這是在他安排了一次校外考察旅行之前一個(gè)星期發(fā)生的事。他夢見自己領(lǐng)著班上的學(xué)生走在一條鄉(xiāng)間的小路上

31、. 邊上就是教堂墓地。9 在夢里 . 布雷德利讓兩個(gè)男孩帶隊(duì)穿過教堂墓地。他自己走在隊(duì)伍的末尾. 以便讓小一些的孩子保持前進(jìn)。然而 . 就在他們穿過教堂墓地的時(shí)候. 布雷德利感到地面在震動(dòng)。接著他聽見了巨大的斷裂聲。然后 . 有個(gè)黑乎乎的龐然大物朝他砸過來。那是一棵巨大的榆樹. 正好兜頭砸在孩子們的隊(duì)伍上。10 這個(gè)夢使布雷德利非常不安。他覺得應(yīng)該取消這次外出。他把這個(gè)夢告訴了班上的學(xué)生.但是他們都覺得他很可笑. 而且都不愿意取消這次旅行。甚至其他老師也笑話他. 跟他說不應(yīng)該讓孩子們掃興。于是布雷德利同意出行。 “但是你們必須答應(yīng)我 . ”他跟他們講 . “往哪兒走你們只能聽我的?！?1 于是

32、 . 他們出發(fā)了。當(dāng)他們走到那條小路時(shí). 布雷德利不讓孩子們改道穿過教堂墓地。有些孩子覺得這樣做很蠢. 不過他們還是按老師說的做了。12 走到小路的盡頭. 他們面前是一座過河的橋。年紀(jì)大一些的男孩子停了下來. 問： “老師 .我們應(yīng)該走哪條道？過河呢. 還是走沿河的小路？”13 布雷德利停住腳步。他對那條小路有一種古怪的感覺?！斑^橋 . ”他告訴他們。于是孩子們開始過橋。接著 . 布雷德利聽到了可怕的斷裂聲. 同自己在夢中聽到的完全一樣。他回頭一看 . 只見就在那條小路邊上. 一棵巨大的榆樹搖搖晃晃. 倒在了地上。他的預(yù)感應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。孩子們面面相覷. 然后看著自己的老師。如果剛才他們走那條小路的話

33、. 那么他們就正好在那棵榆樹倒下來的位置上。 and ifDreaming Up a Good Mood1 According to new studies, dreams can fix your bad moods each night you're depressed, dreams may predict whether you'll recover more quickly.2 It is natural to wake up in the morning with a sunny outlook, relieved of the previous evening&#

34、39;s worries. In fact, studies show that a solid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals.3 But sleep's effects on healthy and depressed people are as different as night and day. People who are seriously depressed actually feel worse after sleeping, since they have more abstract, con

35、fusing dreams.4 Research led Rosalind Cartwright, Ph.D, director of the Sleep Research Center at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, to wonder how dreams allow our brains to repair our moods and why this feel-good mechanism doesn't seem to work in the seriously depressed.

36、5 In the first of two studies, Cartwright gave a mood test to normally healthy participants, recorded their sleep in a laboratory for one night, then gave them a second mood test when they rose in the morning. During the night, the volunteerswere awakened now and then and asked to describe the conte

37、nt of their dreams. Subjects were divided into two groups: one having neutral feelings before bedtime and one with bad moods.6 Cartwright found that subjects who had been in neutral moods before sleeping had little change in attitude when they woke. Subjects who were generally not depressed but went

38、 to bed in a bad mood, however, reported feeling much better after a good night's sleep.7 This change was reflected in their dreams: people whose moods improved overnight reported experiencing more negative dreams at the beginning of the night and progressively fewer and fewer as sleep went on.

39、Subjects in neutral moods had no change in the content of their dreams.8 “ The study shows that mood does get adjusted overnight, ” says Cartwright.“ If you go to sleep in a bad mood, your brain goes to work right away on negative dream material at the beginning of the night so your bad mood is redu

40、ced by the end of the night. ”9 Next, Cartwright repeated the experiment using couples who were depressed by a recent marriage separation. While some unhappy patients dreamed less about serious emotional content and more about lighter topics as the night progressed, others had more disturbing dreams

41、 just before waking than at the beginning of sleep.10 Assuming that the former group was dreaming away their negative feelings each night, the researchers predicted that they would eventually work through their depression. And they were right a follow-up study showed that 72%of the subjects in that

42、group had fewer signs of depression one year later.11 “ The last dream of the night is the one that patients are most likely to remember,” explains Cartwright.12 While the first group was actively working through their blues, resulting in more pleasant dreams at the end of the night and a brighter m

43、orning mood, those whose dreams became increasingly unpleasant were more likely to feel low when they woke.13 Still, this finding has a positive aspect. It allows sleep therapists to predict which of the depressed persons need the most help. It also tells them the topics that disturb their patients most.14 “ If patients remember a bad dream, ” notes