機(jī)器視覺論文英文

1、ATypicalapplicationsformachinevision(LiuZuochu,SchoolofInformationandEngineeringSouthwestUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Mianyang,China)Abstract:Thispapermainlydescribesthetypicalapplicationofthemachinevision,anditbrieflyanalysesmachinevisionfeatures,advantagesandapplicationofclassification,andpart

2、icularlyintroducestheapplicationofmachinevisiontechnologyintheprintingindustry,agriculture,industry,medical.Thebirthandapplicationofmachinevisionintheoryandpracticeareofgreatsignificance.Keyword:machinevision;labeldetection;characterrecognition;fruitqualitygrading;defectdetection1、 INTRODUCTIONInmod

3、ernautomatedproductionprocess,themachinevisionsystemhasbeenwidelyusedinconditionmonitoring,producttestingandqualitycontrolandotherfields.Thecharacterofmachinevisionsystemisthatitcanincreaseproductionflexibilityandautomation.Insomehazardousenvironmentthatisnotsuitableformanualoperationorit'sdiffi

4、culttomeettherequirementforartificialvision,it'scommonlyusedmachinevisiontoreplacetheartificialvision.Atthesametime,intheprocessofmassindustrialproduction,anartificialvisualinspectionofproductqualityalwayshaslowefficiencyandlowaccuracy.Butwithmachinevisioninspectionmethodcangreatlyimproveproduct

5、ionefficiencyandthedegreeofautomation.Anditisthebasistechnologytoachievecomputerintegratedmanufacturing.Withthedevelopmentandmaturityofmachinevision,thereisnodoubtthatitwillbewidelyusedinvariousindustriesinthemodernandfuture.Machinevisionapplicationsareasfollows:1) TextileandClothing* yarnbreakdetec

6、tion:* Weavinganddyeingtest* cloth,leather,shapedetection2) FoodandFood* Grainforeignbodydetection,sortingandcolorselection* Drinkliquidsdetection* productiondate,shelflifecharacterrecognition* emptybottlefillinglinebreakage,cleantestSpecialInspection* Wearandbreakagedetectioncable* VesselandpipingI

7、nspection* Speedtestrides* Detectionofdangerousequipmentonline4) Packaging* theappearanceofintegritytest* Barcode* tightnesstesting5) machinerymanufacturing* Dimensiondetectioncomponents* assemblyintegritytest* Partoftheorientationandgesturerecognition* parts,engines,chassisnumberofthesamecolorconca

8、vecharacterrecognition6) Postsorting* PostalCodeRecognition* testpackageitems7) TheCustomsandports* fingerprint,palmprints,irisandfacerecognition* identificationofgoods* DetectionofsecurityofdangerousgoodsInaddition,machinevisionisalsowidelyusedinintegratedcircuittesting,aerospace,militarydefense,fi

9、reandroadtrafficandsoon.II、ApplicationofmachinevisiontechnologyMachinevisioninvolvesartificialintelligence,neurobiology,psychophysics,computerscience,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,andotherinterdisciplinaryfields.Itisnotonlyanextensionofthehumaneye,moreimportantly,butalsoapartofthehumanbrainfunc

10、tions.Machinevisiondoesn'tleadtoeyefatigue,andhasahigheraccuracyandspeedthanhumanthanhumaneyes.Itusesinfrared,ultraviolet,X-ray,ultrasoundandotherhightechdetectiontechnology.Italsohasitsoutstandingadvantageswheninthedetectionofintangibleobjectsandhighriskscenes.Herearesometypicalexamplesofmachin

11、evision.A.ApplicationintheprintingindustryCurrently,machinevisionhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtodetectareasoftheprintingindustryandsignificantlyimproveproductqualityandreliabilitytoensurethattheproductionrate.Testcontent:1) Checkouttheoverallvagueprintingbarcodelabel,numbers,letters,barcodeswhicharenot

12、clear;2) Checkoutthelettersonthelabel,barcode,numberoneortwoisnotclear,forexample,lettersprintedunclear,barcodeprintingfault;printedpatternisthesamewithinaperiodoftime;3) Checkoutlabelsizethatdoesnotmeetstherequirement,thestandardsizeis9mmX42mm;4) Thesurfaceofthematerialhasalittlereflection,thesubje

13、ctisblackandwhitepattern;5) Speed:34piece/s;labeliscontinuous,thelabelintervallengthis3mm;6) checkoutandremoveinferior;7) Theon-lineoroff-linedetection(J)QTY(JX)：WOOFigure1ThelabelprintingqualityinspectionsystemismadeinXi'anSpringVideoTechnologyCo.,Ltdandhasbeensuccessfullyputintouse.8) Applicat

14、ioninindustryCurrently,machinevisionhasbeensuccessfullyappliedinindustrialinspectionfields,andgreatlyimprovetheproductqualityandreliabilitytoensurethattheproductionrate.Suchasproductpackaging,printqualityinspection,qualitytestingbeveragecontainers,beveragefillingtest,beveragebottlessealedtest.Testin

15、goftimber,qualitytestingofsemiconductorintegratedblockpackage,thevolumeofsteelqualityinspection,thekeymechanicalcomponentsandotherindustrialCT1.IntheCustoms,byusingX-rayandmachinevisiontechnology,theycouldinspectgoodsoutofthebox,therebyitgreatlyincreasingtheclearancerate,andsavingalotofmanpowerandma

16、terialresources.ThePrintChaomachinemadeinNanjingMintfactoryisatypicalapplicationsforthemachinevisionusedinprintingindustry.NanjingMintistheonlyBanknotePrintingandMintingMachineryFactory,andisastateexclusivecontroloftheimportantenterprises.ThedevelopmentandproductionofYBW2150Mintmachineprocessrequire

17、mentsisstringent.Toensurethereliabilityofeachproductionprocess,alltheproductsmustbe100%tested.InthelatelypublishedRMBinthefirst5inOctober2000,thesideofoneyuancoinproducedwithhigh-speedsewingmachine,itssecurityfeaturesareenhanced.Inviewofthestrictcontroloftheproductionprocessrequirements,theengineers

18、inNanjingMintinstalledvisualinspectionsysteminthefinalstepsintheMint.Thefinalworkprefaceispresstoprinttoacraft,anditiscompletelyonline.Imagedetectionsystemisputahigherdemand.Thefirstishighspeed,it'snotonlyrequirehigh-speedCCDcamera,butalsotheimagerecognitionsystemrequiresstrongcomputingspeedands

19、toragecapacity.Whenthecoinsfall,therateissimilartofree-fall.Theaveragespeedis10/s,thenthetimeofeachmeasurementmustbelessthan100ms,andtakingintoaccountthespeedofobjectmotion,high-speedsystemshouldbeadopted.AnewvisiontestmonitoringproductsnamedA210madebypanasnoic,anditstimeoftriggering,imagecaptureand

20、calculateiswithinthe40ms,fullymeettherequirements.Anotheristodeterminethecameraposition.Asacoininhigh-speedoperation,inordertoaccuratelycapture,theremustbesynchronizethetriggersignal.Tothisend,itusingahigh-speedreflectiveopticalfibersensor.Intheaspectof川uminance,inordertoweakenthehighreflectiveeffec

21、tattheLEDcurvededgeofthecoin,getabetterimagequality,itusingtwosetsofringlampandastroboscopiccontrollerwithimageacquisition.Inthemulti-research,experimental,installation,afterhalfayearofproductionvalidation,itreaching100%detectionrateofdefectiveproducts.AttheendofDecember2000,thenationalBanknotePrint

22、ingandMintingCorporationcarriedonconsultationtotheproductandsuggestedthepromotioninthewholeindustry.9) ApplicationinAgricultureChinaisalargeagriculturalcountry,isrichinagriculturalproducts,sotheautomaticgradingofagriculturalproducts,theimplementationofcompetitivepricesinordertoproducebettereconomicr

23、eturns,hasgreatsignificance.Suchasfruit,accordingtoitscolor,shapeandsizeparameterseggs,accordingtoitscolor,weight,shapeandsizeolinftheexternalcharacteristics;tobacco,accordingtoitscolor,shape,linemanage,giveacomprehensiveclassification.Inaddition,inordertoimprovethequalityofprocessedagriculturalprod

24、ucts.thebadpartoffruits,mixedgrainimpurities,foreignbodiesintobaccoandteaallcouldbedetectedandaccuratelyremovedbymachinevision,Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrializedagriculture,theuseofmachinevisiontechnologytomonitorcropgrowthconditions,toachievescientificirrigationandfertilization,isalsoanimporta

25、ntapplication.Foreigntechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyappliedmachinevisionqualityinspectionofagriculturalproducts,inparticularthedetectionoffruits,isusedthemostwidely.Accordingtotheprinciple,non-destructivetestingcanbedividedintotwokinds.oneisgivenakindofenergyintheouterfruitfromthefruitoftheenergyinput

26、andoutputchangesarerelatedtothequalitycharacteristicsoffruit;oneisgiveakindofenergyintheouterfruit,getrelatedqualitycharacteristicsfromthefruitoftheenergyinputandoutputchanges;Anotheristhroughthefruititselfchemiluminescenceorinfraredradiationenergytodeterminethequalityoffruit.Themethodsoffruitqualit

27、ydamagedetectionmainlycontain:UVdetection,visiblelightdetection,nearinfrareddetection,infrareddetection,X-rayandCTdetection.Atpresent,thequalitydetectionofthefruitusemoremanualinspection,it'snotonlyconsumetime,inefficient,butalsohavemuchmoreconnectionwithinspector'sowntechnicallevelandexperi

28、ence,becomingabottleneckrestrictingfactorinprocessingefficiency.Fruitinspectionusingmachinevisiontechnologywithreal-time,objective,nodamage,etc.,sopeopleofallagesloveit.Thecontentofgradingfruitisgenerallydividedintotwolevels,involvinganumberofphysicalindicatorsandchemicalindicators.Theso-calledlevel

29、ofclassificationisasexcellent,good,medium,qualified,substandard,andseveralotherspecifications.Theevaluationhastheappearanceofcolor,luster,theinternalsugarcontent,acidity,fleshfirmness,withorwithoutexternaldamage,internaldefects,grotesqueEtc.;sizeclassificationisaslarge,large,mediumandsmall,toosmall,

30、andotherspecifications,theevaluationindicatorsincludediameter,length,thickness,weightandsoon.Traditionalmechanicalclassificationtechnologygradingbasedonthesizeandweightoffruit.Usingconveyorbeltsorconveyorrollerholesorgapsonthefruitintoalimitednumberofgrades.Suchclassificationmethodsareusuallysimple,

31、butthegradingmaydamagefruitbecauseofcollision.It'sgenerallyusedforthosenotsensitivetomechanicalloadandthefruitaretobeprocessedfurther.Foreigncountrieshaveprogressivedevelopedtheelectronicclassificationtechniques.thisclassificationmethodbasedonfruitcolor,useofthefruitbylightreflectivenatureofradi

32、ationtogradeandremovedebris.Thecurrentgradingequipmentcanonlygradsize,inordertocompletethevariouslevelsofclassification,itrequiresseveralsimilardevices,butalargeareaofeachdevice.Traditionalmechanicalclassificationtechnologyisbasedonthesizeandweightoffruittograde,ituseconveyorbeltsortheholesorgapsont

33、heconveyorrollertogradefruits.Sometimesgradingequipmentisdifferent,specialandstrong,lowutilizationrate.Modernon-linefruitgradingtechnology,includingcleaning,waxing,drying,grading,packingandmanyotherassembly-lineinwhichboththecoreclassificationprocessisthefastestgrowingpartofthemostmoderntechnology.M

34、oderntechnologybasedonmachinevisiontechnologytoreplacemanualgradingclassificationcanbecarriedoutregardlessofgradeandsizehasautomaticgradingthesametime,hasgreatlyimprovingefficiency.Whenweapplycomputerimageprocessingtechnologytoconductrandomsampling,thecomputerbaseonrandomsamplingimagestocalculatewit

35、hinthefruitthesizeoftheimagelarge,medium,smallandgoodquality,good,medium,andpoorinformationandthedamagegrade,theproportionofandsoon,andmakecomprehensivequalityjudgments.Thisapproachnotonlysavestimeandeffort,butalsoobjectiveandfair.AutomaticmachinevisionclassificationsystemingeneralcomposedwiththeCCD

36、camera,detectiondevices,conveyors,computersandcontrolsystemsandsoon.Inthefruitclassificationprocess,fruitisontheconveyorbelt,thecameraarefixedonthetopoftheconveyorbeltoraround.nodamagedetectiondeviceisinstalledonbothsidesoftheconveyorbelt.Whenthefruitthroughthecamera,fruit'scolor,size,shape,surf

37、acedamage,etc.arerecorded,thisinformationcanbecompletedbycomputerandfinishgeneralclassificationoperation(Figure2).光信號輸入CCD接像機(jī)tt機(jī)圖像處理圖像分析圖2機(jī)器視覺分級系統(tǒng)檢焉原理框圖D.ApplicationinMedicineInmedicine,machinevisionisusedtoassistdoctorsinmedicalimageanalysis,itmainlyusedigitalimageprocessingtechnology,informationfu

38、siontechnologytofoldandaddappropriatelywithX-ray,magneticresonanceimagesandCTimagesandthenconductacomprehensiveanalysis;Thereareothermedicalimagedataforstatisticsandanalysis,suchasusingdndstatisticsthenumberofcell.Inthepharmaceuticalproductionline,machinevisiontechnologycantestfordrugpackagingtodete

39、rmine,tomakesureifthemountofdrugpackingisright.Thisnotonlysaveslabor,butalsoimprovestheacigitalimageedgeextractionandimagesegmentation,toauto-completecountacuracyandefficiency.Currently,thegreatmajoritypharmaceuticalfactorygenerallyadoptthemethodofartificialrangeestimationtoseparatetimearticleinpack

40、agingproductionline.Inspectorstestresultsfortheworkingconditionshaveagreatimpact,andthiswayofworkingwithlowdetectionefficiency,highcostlabor-intensive.Manuallaborinvolvedinaseriousimpactontheworkefficiencyoftabletpackagingline,notonlywastingalotoflaborresourcesbutalsothequalityofpackagingcannotbefun

41、damentallyguaranteed.Somemanufacturersusealongtimevideorecordertocompensateforthemanualtestingerrors,butitlostthemeaningofreal-timedetection,thereisalsotheproblemofhighcostofdetection.Insteadofusingmachinevisionsystemfortabletpackagingdefects,canimproveproductivityandreduceproductioncosts.Tabletspac

42、kagingbasedonmachinevisiontechnologydefectdetectionsystemisasetofmachinevision,Tabletsbasedonmachinevisiontechnologypackagingdefectdetectionsystemisasetofmachinevision,opticalsensorsandmechanicalandelectricaltechnologyinoneofthemechanicalandelectricalintegrationproducts,withhighaccuracyandfastspeed,

43、canrapidlyandaccuratelydetectthedefectsanddamageoftabletpacking,thusthefinishedproductandwastecanbereliablyseparated.machinevisiontechnologyTabletpackingdefectdetectionsystemgenerallyconsistsofhardwareandsoftwaretwocomponents.anditsworkingprincipleis:themedicineslicedeliveronthetransmissionequipment

44、.,andthemachineisdividedintotwoareas:detectionandisolationarea.Inthedetectionarea,high-speedCCDcamerawillsentimagesofthecontinuoustransferringmedicineslicestoacomputer.Computeranalysisofrecordedimages,tellthewastepillsdon'tf川thehomeplate.Whenthedrugboardcompletecuttingandgetintotheseparationzone

45、,thehorizontalplacedairgunprojecthigh-pressuregastoblowwasteboardquickly.Thetotalstructureofmedicineslicepackingdefectionanddamageexaminesystembasedmachinevisiontechnologyisshowninfigure3,Inordertotakefulladvantageoftheoriginalproductionline,andeffectivelycarryonmedicineslicepackagingdefectdetection,itcaninstalltwoCCDcamerasinthetestareaforreliabledetection,andinstallappropria