08級(jí)軋中英文翻譯

1、河北大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院QINGGONG COLLEGE, HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY外文資料翻譯學(xué)生姓名：張?jiān)刺?hào)：200815190223學(xué)專業(yè)班級(jí)：軋鋼 2 班學(xué)部：材料化工部指導(dǎo)教師：宋卓斐2012 年 05 月 20 日摘要隨著造船，汽車(chē)，制造、等行業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，薄帶的需求量大大增加。為了面對(duì)各個(gè)行業(yè)對(duì)板材的大量需求和國(guó)外優(yōu)質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，為滿足我國(guó)四化建設(shè)對(duì)薄板的需求，參照唐鋼板廠特別設(shè)計(jì)該生產(chǎn)線，設(shè)計(jì)為年產(chǎn) 280 萬(wàn)噸的熱軋板帶生產(chǎn)車(chē)間設(shè)計(jì)。為了在粗軋階段給予板坯大的壓下，以滿足生產(chǎn)管線鋼的需要，本設(shè)計(jì)中選用了一架強(qiáng)力可逆粗軋，使粗軋時(shí)間和精軋時(shí)間更好的配合，并增加了加熱爐

2、的數(shù)量以滿足產(chǎn)量要求。當(dāng)然，作為車(chē)間設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)典型壓下規(guī)程的設(shè)計(jì)也是必不可少的，其中包括壓下量的分配、速度制度的確定、溫度制度的確定以及力能參數(shù)的計(jì)算等等各方面參數(shù)的選定。再有就是校核軋輥與選擇電機(jī)等問(wèn)題，這些則是能否正常生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵，要想工作順暢，就不能讓設(shè)備長(zhǎng)時(shí)間滿負(fù)荷或超負(fù)荷工作。此外，本設(shè)計(jì)還對(duì)車(chē)間內(nèi)的各種消耗和厚度等做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹。各個(gè)部門(mén)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重鋼鐵工業(yè)是的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，對(duì)整個(gè)要。帶鋼熱連軋生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大，產(chǎn)量高，是鋼鐵工業(yè)中發(fā)展最為迅速、各種新技術(shù)應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。它的工藝水平、自動(dòng)化程度、規(guī)格與質(zhì)量代表了一個(gè)鋼鐵工業(yè)的水平。近年來(lái)，隨著高技術(shù)難度的帶鋼的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，用戶對(duì)

3、熱軋高質(zhì)量，高附加值，的需求量顯著增加，對(duì)鋼鐵質(zhì)量、品種、性能的要求越來(lái)越高。鋼鐵領(lǐng)域的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，已從過(guò)去的價(jià)格為主轉(zhuǎn)向以品質(zhì)、服務(wù)為主，企業(yè)的技術(shù)水平、品種質(zhì)量和延伸服務(wù)將成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng)弱的決定因素。同時(shí)隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇，各熱軋帶鋼廠為了在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中居于有利地位，也迫切需要提高生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平，減少原材料和能量消耗，經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。目前，我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了近十條薄板坯連鑄連軋生產(chǎn)線，設(shè)計(jì)的規(guī)格最薄達(dá)到 0.8mm，意欲以熱軋取代冷軋。但目前可生產(chǎn)的規(guī)格遠(yuǎn)在 1.5mm以上，因?yàn)楸∫?guī)格生產(chǎn)的故障率高，輥耗大，過(guò)渡軋材多，加熱難度型控制難度大等，這樣按綜本計(jì)算，與用熱軋 2.0mm 作原料，冷軋 1

4、.0mm 的帶鋼成本相當(dāng)，甚至更高。因此薄板坯連鑄連軋生產(chǎn)線并不追求軋制最薄規(guī)格，待技術(shù)發(fā)展到故障率等降低后，才能的批量生產(chǎn)。另外，薄板坯連鑄連軋工藝仍有許多不足之處：首先，薄板坯連鑄連軋的生種受限，檔次不高，在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中著擴(kuò)大品種、質(zhì)量的任務(wù)，其與傳統(tǒng)熱帶鋼軋機(jī)尚有一定差距。由于薄板坯連鑄連軋一般采用 5090 的板坯，在軋制生產(chǎn)時(shí)，板坯壓縮比明顯不夠，生產(chǎn)如深沖線鋼等生產(chǎn)工藝要求嚴(yán)格、高質(zhì)量、高附加值的很，主要是偏析數(shù)量多，夾雜多，擴(kuò)散相對(duì)不足，不利于生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的帶鋼。其次，薄板坯連鑄機(jī)漏鋼率相對(duì)較高，軋機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力得不到充分發(fā)的阿爾戈馬廠，設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)量 16 萬(wàn) t /月，而實(shí)際產(chǎn)量 6 萬(wàn)

5、t/月；揮。例如：美國(guó)的阿姆科廠實(shí)際年產(chǎn)量 70 萬(wàn) t 僅為設(shè)計(jì)的 60再次，隧道式加熱爐熱效應(yīng)低，緩沖能力弱。隧道式加熱爐的尾氣排放溫度平均在 9000，熱能未得到充分利用，通常的熱效率在 20左右。據(jù)有關(guān)資料介紹，緩沖時(shí)間一般在 1015 分鐘，而步進(jìn)式加熱爐可緩沖 30 分鐘以上，能有效的匹配軋機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力。由于我國(guó)目前能夠生產(chǎn) X80 管線鋼的企業(yè)還很少，大部分企業(yè)都是在試驗(yàn)階段加之以上分析，一條以 210mm 中板坯為坯料，經(jīng)步進(jìn)式加熱爐加熱后生產(chǎn)管線鋼是十分有市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的軋鋼機(jī)是完成金屬軋制變形的主要設(shè)備，是代表車(chē)間生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平，區(qū)別于其他車(chē)間類型的關(guān)鍵。因此，軋鋼機(jī)選擇的是否合

6、理對(duì)車(chē)間生產(chǎn)具有非常重要的影響。因?yàn)閹т撥垯C(jī)為平輥軋制，軋制力大，為了能良好的板形，機(jī)架和軋輥必須有較大的剛度才行。所以板帶軋機(jī)主要是四輥軋機(jī)。立輥軋機(jī)安裝在 R1 粗軋機(jī)前面,配有缸,主要用于寬度和邊部質(zhì)量.缸裝配在軋機(jī)軸承座后面的框架上,缸用于輥縫調(diào)整.立輥軋機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng).軋輥是電控同步,軋驅(qū)動(dòng)為高架型,由安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)架上部的兩臺(tái)水平電輥安裝在鑄鋼軸承箱里,且在剛性的框架底座里.本設(shè)計(jì)考慮實(shí)際生產(chǎn)情況，采用一架強(qiáng)力可逆四輥粗軋對(duì)板坯進(jìn)行大的壓下，內(nèi)部組織。粗軋機(jī)為四輥可逆式軋機(jī)，且安裝在立輥軋機(jī)之后，驅(qū)動(dòng)主要由調(diào)速電機(jī)，機(jī)齒輪機(jī)座及軋機(jī)接軸.新型熱帶軋機(jī)主要有：CVC 軋機(jī)、HC 軋機(jī)、PC 軋

7、機(jī)等。目前熱軋機(jī)選型用的最多的是 CVC 軋機(jī)，CVC 板型凸度能力強(qiáng)，軋機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，易改造，能實(shí)現(xiàn)自由軋制，操作簡(jiǎn)單。從降低生產(chǎn)成本，擴(kuò)大品種，板帶質(zhì)能力，要求量和提高效益來(lái)考慮的。要求軋機(jī)具有很高的板型和板凸度軋件軋得很薄，要求軋制品種的特點(diǎn)。軋鋼機(jī)是完成金屬軋制變形的主要設(shè)備，代表著車(chē)間的技術(shù)水平，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)壓下量極大的軋制，現(xiàn)在軋鋼車(chē)間都選用軋制力大的軋鋼機(jī)和軋輥設(shè)備，板帶軋機(jī)主要是四輥軋機(jī)。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中都選用 CVC 四輥軋機(jī)。為了減少輸送輥道上的溫度降以節(jié)約能耗，近年來(lái)很多工廠還采用在輸送輥道上安置絕熱保溫罩或補(bǔ)償加熱爐(器)，或在軋件出粗軋機(jī)組之后采用熱卷取箱進(jìn)行熱卷取等新技術(shù)。層

8、流冷卻采用恒定的低壓水形成柱狀水流，且有比噴射大得多的動(dòng)能沖擊到板面上，擊破鋼板表面的蒸氣膜，形成核沸騰，其冷卻能力達(dá) 5024628 。根據(jù)本次設(shè)計(jì)的要求，參考現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也采用層流冷卻，并設(shè)定冷卻區(qū)的長(zhǎng)度為 40m。本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)要求采用兩臺(tái)卷取機(jī)，近地及遠(yuǎn)地卷取。卷取機(jī)能把由薄到厚的較大范圍內(nèi)的鋼帶卷取，兩臺(tái)卷取機(jī)特性相同。卷取機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)有四個(gè)具有自動(dòng)踏步功能的助卷輥組成，防止松卷和劃痕，兩臺(tái)它能保證卷取緊固，有較長(zhǎng)的。板帶鋼軋制壓下規(guī)程是板帶軋制制度（規(guī)程）最基本的內(nèi)容，直接關(guān)系著軋機(jī)的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。壓下規(guī)程的中心內(nèi)容就是要確定由一定的板坯軋制成所要求的板帶成品的變形制度，亦即要確定所需要采

9、用的軋制方法、軋制道次和每道壓下量的大小，在操作中就是要確定各道次壓下螺絲的升降位置（即輥縫的開(kāi)度）。與此相關(guān)連的，還要涉及到各道次的軋制速度、軋制溫度及前后張力制度的確定及原料這些內(nèi)容。的合理選擇，因而廣義的說(shuō)來(lái)，壓下規(guī)程的確定也應(yīng)當(dāng)包括目前制定壓下規(guī)程的方法主要有兩種：1. 按現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式直接分配各道次的壓下率和各道次出口的厚度2. 根據(jù)車(chē)間生產(chǎn)的能耗曲線，分配各架能耗負(fù)荷來(lái)確定壓下率以及厚度?，F(xiàn)代連軋機(jī)組軋制規(guī)程設(shè)定最常用的方法是“能耗法” 。這就是從電機(jī)能量合理消耗觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，按經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)芎馁Y料推算出各架壓下量對(duì)于軋機(jī)強(qiáng)度日益增大，軋制速度日益提高的現(xiàn)代連軋機(jī)而言，電機(jī)功率往往成為提高生產(chǎn)能

10、力的限制因素，采用這種方法是比較合理的。但是由于能耗曲線的繪制是根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際，生產(chǎn)各種，對(duì)應(yīng)總能耗，再用描點(diǎn)連線的方法得到的。也就是說(shuō)，它跟現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的設(shè)備，各套軋機(jī)有關(guān)，所以目前用能耗曲線來(lái)制定壓下規(guī)程大多用在各家工廠自己的車(chē)間，使用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程使用。對(duì)于本次設(shè)計(jì)，由于所選軋輥及各參數(shù)與其它有所不同，故無(wú)法得知該套設(shè)備的能耗曲線， 只能按經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式直接分配壓下率和出口厚度然后進(jìn)行校核了。粗軋段軋制力根據(jù)公式： 計(jì)算粗軋段軋制力根據(jù)公式： 計(jì)算： P = Bl p目前普遍公認(rèn)的最適合于熱軋帶鋼軋制力模型的理論公式：P = BQp LcKKTSIMIS 公式軋制力矩可以用兩種辦法確定：利用能耗曲線計(jì)算

11、和按照軋制力計(jì)算，前者用于計(jì)算非矩形斷面的軋制力矩，后者用于對(duì)鋼板等矩形斷面軋件。當(dāng)軋件不受其他外力作用的時(shí)候，軋件對(duì)兩個(gè)軋輥?zhàn)饔玫姆ㄏ蛄?N1 , N 2 和摩擦力T1 ,T2 的合力 P1 , P2 必定大小相等，方向相反，且作用在一條直線上，所以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軋輥所需要的軋制力矩為： M1 = M 2 = Pa = PLcy總軋制力矩為： M p = 2Pa = 2PLcy傳動(dòng)工作輥所需要的靜力矩，除軋制力矩外，還有附加摩擦力矩 M m ，它由以下兩部分組成，即Mm = Mm1 / i + Mm2動(dòng)力矩只發(fā)生于不均勻轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)工作的幾種軋機(jī)中，當(dāng)軋制速度變化的時(shí)候，便產(chǎn)生克服慣性力的動(dòng)力矩，其數(shù)值可以由

12、下式確定： Md = GD / 375(dn / dt )2總的說(shuō)來(lái)，軋輥的破壞決定于各種應(yīng)力，其中包括：彎曲應(yīng)力，扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力， 接觸應(yīng)力以及由于溫度分布不均勻或者交替變化所引起的溫度應(yīng)力和軋輥制造過(guò)程中形成的殘余應(yīng)力等。具體的說(shuō)，軋輥的破壞可以有以下三個(gè)方面的成,它們分別介紹如下。造1.軋輥的形狀設(shè)計(jì)不合理或者設(shè)計(jì)的強(qiáng)度不夠，例如，在額定的負(fù)荷下軋輥因?yàn)閺?qiáng)度不夠而斷裂后因?yàn)榻佑|疲勞超過(guò)許用值而輥面疲勞剝落等。2.軋輥的材質(zhì)，熱處理或者工藝不合要求。例如，軋輥的耐熱裂性，耐粘附性及耐磨性差，材料中有夾雜物或者殘余應(yīng)力過(guò)大等。3.軋輥在產(chǎn)生過(guò)程中使用不合理。熱軋軋輥在冷卻不足或者冷卻不均勻的時(shí)候，

13、會(huì)因?yàn)闊崞谠斐奢伱鏌崃?。在冬季新?lián)Q上的冷輥突然進(jìn)行高負(fù)荷熱軋，熱軋的軋輥驟然冷卻，往往會(huì)因?yàn)闇囟葢?yīng)力過(guò)大，導(dǎo)致軋輥表面剝落甚至斷輥。壓下量過(guò)大或者因?yàn)楣に囘^(guò)程安排不合理造成過(guò)負(fù)荷軋制也會(huì)造成軋輥破壞等。因此，為了防止軋輥破壞，應(yīng)該在設(shè)計(jì)制造和使用等諸多方面去考慮。四輥軋機(jī)由于有支撐輥給軋輥計(jì)算帶來(lái)新的特點(diǎn)。首先是工作輥和支撐輥之間有彎曲載荷的分配問(wèn)題，其次是支撐輥和工作輥之間存在相當(dāng)大的接觸應(yīng)力。四輥軋機(jī)的支撐輥直徑和工作輥直徑之比一般在 1.52.9 之間。顯然，支撐輥的抗彎斷面系數(shù)比工作輥大的多，即支撐輥有很大的剛度。因此，軋制的時(shí)候彎曲力矩絕大部分由支撐輥承擔(dān)。在計(jì)算支撐輥的時(shí)候，通常

14、按照承受全部軋制力的情況考慮。由于四輥軋機(jī)一般是工作輥傳動(dòng)，因此，對(duì)支撐輥只需要計(jì)算輥身中部和輥徑斷面的彎曲應(yīng)力。由于軋機(jī)的彈跳，使軋出的鋼板厚度等于原來(lái)的空載輥縫再加上彈跳，或者說(shuō)，原來(lái)空載輥縫等于軋出鋼板厚度減去彈跳。故輥縫設(shè)計(jì)最主要的任務(wù)是盡可能地準(zhǔn)確確定各個(gè)機(jī)架的空載輥縫值 S。雖然近代由于對(duì)帶鋼的公差要求更加嚴(yán)格，新建的軋機(jī)剛度不斷加大，但是由于軋輥及機(jī)架的加大受到一些條件的限制，因此限制了軋機(jī)剛度系數(shù)的進(jìn)一步加大?，F(xiàn)代帶鋼連軋機(jī)剛度系數(shù)也就在 50006500KN/m 左右，通常軋制力的負(fù)荷水平為 1500030000KN，彈跳值可達(dá) 25 毫米。它同帶鋼的壓下量和帶鋼的厚度為同一

15、個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，在后幾個(gè)機(jī)架里，甚至比帶鋼的厚度還要大些。從以上分析可知，由于軋制時(shí)軋輥的不均勻熱膨脹、軋輥的不均勻磨損以及軋輥的彈性壓扁和彈性彎曲，致使空載時(shí)原本平直的輥縫在軋制時(shí)變得不平直了，致使板帶的橫向厚度不均和板形不良。為了補(bǔ)償上述因素造成的輥縫形狀的變化，需要預(yù)先將軋輥車(chē)磨成一定的原始凸度或凹度，賦予輥面以一定的原始形狀，使軋輥在受力和受熱軋制時(shí)，仍能保持平直的輥縫。在設(shè)計(jì)新軋輥的輥型曲線(凸度)時(shí)，主要是考慮軋輥的不均勻熱膨脹和軋輥彈性彎曲(撓度)的影響。由于軋輥熱膨脹所產(chǎn)生的熱凸度，在一般情況下與軋輥彈性彎曲產(chǎn)生的撓度相反，故在輥型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)按熱凸度與撓度出新輥的凸度(或凹度)曲線。

16、的結(jié)果，定由于軋制的種類繁多，其生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的繁簡(jiǎn)程度也很不一樣，因此，為適應(yīng)各種生產(chǎn)的軋鋼車(chē)間輔助設(shè)備，不論從用途、結(jié)構(gòu)形式或是動(dòng)作的工作原理上看那是多種多樣的。就是同一類別的輔助設(shè)備，由于其服務(wù)對(duì)象不同或生產(chǎn)工藝的要求不同，其結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理也會(huì)存在很大差別。根據(jù)輔助設(shè)備在軋鋼生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的不同用途，可以將輔助設(shè)備歸納為如下幾類：1. 加熱設(shè)備2. 切斷設(shè)備 3. 升降設(shè)備4. 矯直設(shè)備 5. 冷卻設(shè)備 6. 翻轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備7. 彎曲、卷曲設(shè)備8. 起重設(shè)備顯而易見(jiàn)，不同的輔助設(shè)備完成著不同的工作，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中起著互相不能代替的作用。所以，軋鋼車(chē)間輔助設(shè)備的選擇是否合理，同樣對(duì)產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量，對(duì)節(jié)省車(chē)間建設(shè)

17、投資以及對(duì)和減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度等都有重要影響。輔助設(shè)備選擇一般要遵循下列原則：1.2.3.滿足生產(chǎn)工藝要求；有較高的工作效率，保證軋機(jī)獲得較短的軋制節(jié)奏時(shí)間而有較高的產(chǎn)量； 設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)的型式要先進(jìn)合理，動(dòng)作靈活機(jī)構(gòu)緊湊，操作維修容易，備品備件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，制造、更換方便；4. 輔助設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)能力一般要大于軋機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力，以保證軋機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力得到發(fā)揮。通常輔助設(shè)備能力可按大于軋機(jī)能力 20考慮；5. 設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)資。合理，體積小，重量輕，以減少設(shè)備總重量和節(jié)省車(chē)間投輔助設(shè)備選擇的主要內(nèi)容是根據(jù)生產(chǎn)的要求確定他們的型式、能力和數(shù)量。車(chē)間年產(chǎn)量是指一年內(nèi)軋鋼車(chē)間各種礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。其計(jì)算公式如下：的綜合產(chǎn)量，以綜合小時(shí)產(chǎn)量為

18、基A=ApTjwK2式中： A車(chē)間年產(chǎn)量,t/y,Ap平均小時(shí)產(chǎn)量,t/h,Tjw軋機(jī)一年內(nèi)計(jì)劃工作時(shí)數(shù)（d），本設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)行連續(xù)工作制度的軋機(jī)年工作時(shí)數(shù)：Tjw =（365-T1-T2-T3）（24-T5）式中：T1年中計(jì)劃大修時(shí)間（d），取 20 天T2年中定期中小修時(shí)間（d），取 40 天T3年計(jì)劃換輥時(shí)間（d），取=5 天T5每天規(guī)定的交時(shí)間（h），取=0.5h計(jì)算得 Tjw=7050hK2時(shí)間利用系數(shù)，時(shí)間利用系數(shù) K2 根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果在 0.7960.945 范圍內(nèi)可根據(jù)軋機(jī)不同情況進(jìn)行選取。本設(shè)計(jì)取 K2=0.90。將前面的數(shù)據(jù)代入上式計(jì)算得：A=ApTjwK2=45070500.9t

19、=285.5 萬(wàn)噸。車(chē)間平面布置是車(chē)間設(shè)計(jì)中的重要問(wèn)題。布置的是否合理不僅對(duì)當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)情況，車(chē)間占地面積，車(chē)間投資直接帶來(lái)影響，而且對(duì)車(chē)間今后發(fā)展,擴(kuò)大車(chē)間再生產(chǎn)能力也起重要作用。從生產(chǎn)工藝角度來(lái)看，車(chē)間平面布置的內(nèi)容在于合理地確定為完成生產(chǎn)任務(wù)而選用的生產(chǎn)工藝流程，設(shè)備型式，數(shù)量以及它們之間在布置上的相互關(guān)系和有關(guān)輔助設(shè)施的面積、位置等。生產(chǎn)流程線，設(shè)備位置等問(wèn)題的確定當(dāng)然要以滿足的工藝要求為首要前提.其次要考慮車(chē)間的具體條件，以求得整個(gè)車(chē)間平面布置的合理性和性。但是,由于生產(chǎn)條件的差異和生產(chǎn)條件的不斷變化，沒(méi)有一個(gè)適合一切情況的， 永遠(yuǎn)保持不便的軋鋼車(chē)間平面布置。所以，確定車(chē)間平面布置時(shí)，應(yīng)

20、根據(jù)生產(chǎn)任務(wù)需要，提出多種布置方案，經(jīng)過(guò)分析比較，最后確定一個(gè)比較合理的方案。在確定軋鋼車(chē)間平面布置時(shí)，注意應(yīng)以下列原則為依據(jù)：1.滿足工藝要求，使車(chē)間具有暢通的合理的金屬流程線。2.滿足今后在產(chǎn)量，質(zhì)量和品種發(fā)展的需要。3. 設(shè)備的間距應(yīng)滿足上下工序工藝上的要求，互不干擾，并考慮到操作條件和勞動(dòng)安全。4. 跨間的組成和相互位置關(guān)系要合理，既要滿足工藝要求，又注意節(jié)省車(chē)間占地面積和投資。5.使上下車(chē)間緊密，縮短距離，縮短管線鋪設(shè)長(zhǎng)度。此外要注意為車(chē)間今后發(fā)展留有充分的余地。生產(chǎn)工藝過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)述：熱軋車(chē)間和連鑄車(chē)間毗鄰布置，在連鑄車(chē)間經(jīng)冷卻、火焰處理、標(biāo)記后的合格連鑄板坯直接熱送到步進(jìn)式加熱爐內(nèi)。連

21、鑄機(jī)采用一系列的技術(shù)措施（建廠依據(jù)中提到不在贅述）保證了中薄板坯連鑄機(jī)可生產(chǎn)出高溫?zé)o需 的鑄坯直送加熱爐。鑄坯的 精度可達(dá)到：厚度不大于3mm ，寬度不大于 10mm，長(zhǎng)度不大于30mm ，上下波浪不大于30mm ，楔形不大于 1.8mm，鐮刀彎不大于3mm 。步進(jìn)梁式加熱爐的上料輥道同連鑄機(jī)的出坯輥道相接，輥道送來(lái)的平均溫度為 920的高溫板坯在爐內(nèi)加熱和均溫至 11501250后送熱帶鋼軋機(jī)軋制。加熱爐在連鑄機(jī)和軋機(jī)之間還起重要的緩沖銜接作用,緩沖時(shí)間大于 30min。為了節(jié)約熱能消耗，近年來(lái)板坯熱裝和直接軋制技術(shù)得到迅速發(fā)展。熱裝是將連鑄坯或初軋坯在熱狀態(tài)下裝入加熱爐，熱裝溫度越高，則節(jié)

22、能越多。熱裝對(duì)板坯的溫度要求不如直接軋制嚴(yán)格。直接軋制則是板坯在連鑄或初軋之后，不再入加熱爐加熱而只略經(jīng)邊部補(bǔ)償加熱，即直接進(jìn)行的軋制。由于板坯厚度和爐型選取，二者相輔相成、密不可分。中厚板坯連鑄連軋 280mm 坯料較短，勢(shì)必考慮采用步進(jìn)式加熱爐加熱;薄板坯連鑄連軋(通常厚度為 50m ,70m ,90mm)坯料較長(zhǎng)，勢(shì)必考慮采用隧道式加熱爐加熱。在滿足產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量前提下，哪種方式更合理、更適合本次設(shè)計(jì)呢?經(jīng)比較、分析，認(rèn)為中薄板坯+步進(jìn)式加熱爐方式更適合。連鑄坯經(jīng)過(guò)大于等于18Mpa 高壓水出去坯料表面生產(chǎn)的一次氧化鐵皮，進(jìn)入帶立輥的四輥可逆粗軋機(jī)。立輥配有 AWC 和 SCC，可以提高軋件

23、寬度精度優(yōu)化頭尾形狀。四輥粗軋機(jī)配有電動(dòng)壓下 EGC 和厚度自動(dòng)系統(tǒng) AGC保證軋件在較大壓下率時(shí)仍能保證外型 精度和防止跑偏。135mm 質(zhì)量好的鑄坯在粗軋機(jī)組是可逆軋制三或五道次形成 3040mm 厚的中間坯。粗軋出口溫度約為 10501185。中間坯由粗軋輸出輥道輸出后進(jìn)入熱卷箱，卷取溫度約為 9001150。帶坯在卷曲過(guò)程中不但可以保溫、減少頭尾溫差，同時(shí)可以是其表面氧化鐵皮疏松及剝落。而開(kāi)卷是氧化鐵皮進(jìn)一步剝落提高帶坯表面質(zhì)量。系統(tǒng)，最低剪切溫度 900，剪大于等于 18Mpa,出去粗軋后產(chǎn)精軋前飛剪由于切頭尾，配置優(yōu)化剪切切精度高可更換剪刃。精軋錢(qián)精除鱗機(jī)生的二次氧化鐵皮。精軋機(jī)組

24、為 6 架連軋，機(jī)架間距 5.5m，F(xiàn)1F3 出口設(shè)有帶鋼冷卻系統(tǒng)，F(xiàn)4F6 出口設(shè)有氧化物抑制系統(tǒng)。在每個(gè)機(jī)架上、下工作側(cè)都安裝 RTC 軋輥熱凸度冷卻集管系統(tǒng)通過(guò)輥身冷卻效率的變化來(lái)工作輥的熱凸活套系統(tǒng)，度。機(jī)組裝備有工作輥 正彎輥、工作輥串輥、自動(dòng)厚度、F1F4 可用 CVCW、CVCB 滾型，粗、精軋機(jī)均采用工作輥快速換輥裝置,換輥時(shí)間不大于 10min，這些技術(shù)的采用使板型和質(zhì)量得到保證。精軋機(jī)組后設(shè)置測(cè)厚儀、測(cè)寬儀、凸度儀、平直度儀、高溫計(jì)等檢測(cè)儀表,對(duì)軋制進(jìn)行閉環(huán)。層流冷卻系統(tǒng)分主冷卻區(qū)和微調(diào)冷卻區(qū)，根據(jù)不同鋼種、規(guī)格、終軋溫度和軋制速度，自動(dòng)水組數(shù)和數(shù)量，保證帶鋼的卷取溫度精度

25、在 18左右。兩臺(tái)卷取機(jī)，卷取速度高，具有助卷輥?zhàn)詣?dòng)踏步功能，避免帶鋼表面擦傷，保證卷形。AbstractAs shipbuilding, automotive, manufacturing, construction and other industries are developing rapidly, thin strip demand increased dramatically.In order to face the social sectors to the plate large demand and foreign quality products competition,

26、in order to meet Chinas modernization construction on the sheet needs, according to Tang steel plant special design of the production line, designed for an annual output of 2800000 tons of hot-rolled strip production workshop design.In order to roughing slab under given pressure, to meet the product

27、ion needs of pipeline steel, the selection of the design of a potent reversible roughing roughing and finishing time, make better with time, and increases the heating furnace volume to meet production requirements.Of course, as the workshop design, typical products of reduction rules design is also

28、essential, including compression, speed distribution system are identified, temperature system and determination of parameters of force and energy calculation and so on all parameters selected.Another is the check roll with motor problems, these is whether the normal production of the key, want to w

29、ork smoothly, cannot let equipment long time full load or overload.In addition, the design of the workshop within the various consumption and thickness control is introduced briefly in this paper.Iron and steel industry is the fundamental industry of national economy, for the various sectors of the

30、national economy development.Hot strip rolling production is large in scale, high yield, the steel industry is the most rapidly developing, all kinds of new technology is widely used in a field.Its technology level, the degree of automation, product specifications and quality has represented a natio

31、nal steel industry level.In recent years, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, users of hot rolled high quality, high added value, high technical difficulty of the steel products demand increased significantly, on the quality of steel products, varieties, incre

32、asingly demanding high performance.Iron and steel industry competition, already from in the past prices to product quality, service, the technical level of the enterprise, product variety and quality and extend the service will become the competitiveness of determinant.At the same time, with the agg

33、ravation of the market competition, the hot rolled steel in order to compete in the market in an advantageous position, but also the urgent need to improve the level of production technology, reduce material and energy consumption, improve management, enhance competitive ability.At present, our coun

34、try has set up nearly ten in thin slab continuous casting and rolling production line, product design specification of the thin reach 0.8mm, intended to replace cold rolled product.But at present economy can produce specifications in 1.5mm above, because of the thin specifications for the production

35、 of the high failure rate, roll consumption is large, the transition of rolled plate, heating is difficult, difficult to control, such as integrated cost calculating, and hot rolled 2.0mm as raw material, the strip cold rolling 1.0mm cost quite, even higher.The thin slab continuouscasting and rollin

36、g production line does not pursue the thin gauge rolling, the technological development to reduce the failure rate, to economy of mass production.In addition, thin slab continuous casting and rolling process still has many shortcomings: first, thin slab continuous casting and rolling production vari

37、ety is limited, product quality is not high, in actual production is facing expand breed, improve the quality of the mission, its products and traditional hot strip mill product still has certain gap.As a result of thin slab continuous casting and rolling generally use 50 90 of the slab, slab in the

38、 rolling production, the compression ratio is obviously not enough, such as deep drawing steel, pipeline steel production process strict, high quality, high value-added products is difficult, mainly the number of segregation, inclusion, diffusion is relatively insufficient, not conducive to the prod

39、uction high quality steel.Secondly, thin slab caster breakout rate is relatively high, rolling mill production capacity can not be brought into full play.For example: the Canadian Argonauts horse factory, design output of 160000 T / month, while the actual output of 60000 T / month; the United State

40、s of America the Armco plant actual annual output 700000 t only for the design of the 60% again, tunnel type heating furnace thermal effect is low, the buffer capacity of weak.Tunnel type heating furnace for exhaust emissions temperature averaging at 9000 degrees C, insufficient utilization of heat

41、energy, usually in about 20% thermal efficiency.According to some data, buffer time is generally 10 to 15 minutes, while the step heating furnace can buffer for more than 30 minutes, can effectively match the mills production capacity.Because our country is currently able to produce X80 pipeline ste

42、el enterprise is little, most enterprises are in the experimental stage and the above analysis, a 210mm slab for the blank, after reheating furnace heating after the production of pipeline steel is very competitiveRolling mill is the m lic finish rolling deformation of the main equipment, is to repr

43、esent the production technology level, different from other workshop type key.Therefore, rolling machine selection is reasonable on workshop production has very important effect.Because the strip rolling mill for rolling, rolling force, in order to control a good shape, rack and roll must have a gre

44、ater stiffness.So the plate and strip mill is mainly of four roller mill.Vertical roller mill installed in the R1 roughing mill in front, with a hydraulic cylinder, is mainly used to control the width and edge quality processing. The hydraulic cylinder assembly in a rolling mill bearing seat back fr

45、ame, a hydraulic cylinder for roll gap adjustment. Vertical roller mill driven by elevated type, mounted on the driving frame of two horizontal motor drive. The roll is synchronous, mounted in a cast steel roll bearing box, and the rigidity of the frame base.The design consideration of actual produc

46、tion, with a strong reversible four roll roughing on slab for large pressure, improve the internal organization.Rough mill of four roller reversible rolling mill, and installed in the vertical roller mill, driven primarily by motor, reducer gear stand and rolling mill connecting shaft.Todays new hot

47、 strip mill are: CVC, HC, PC rolling mill rolling mill.The present mill selection is the most used CVC mill, CVC plate convexity control ability, the mill has the advantages of simple structure, easy modification, can realize the free rolling,simple operation.From the lower production costs, expandi

48、ng product variety, improve the strip quality and raise economic benefits to consider.Requirements of mill with high plate and plate convexity control ability, requirement of rolling rolling thin,requirements for rolled more variety characteristic.Rolling mill is the mlic finishrolling deformation o

49、f the main equipment, representing the workshop technical level, in order to achieve reduction greatly controlled rolling steel mill, now have chosen the rolling force in rolling mill and roll equipment, plate and strip mill is mainly of four roller mill.In this design have chosen CVC four roller mi

50、ll.The 5 insulation cover and intermediate cooling device selectionIn order to reduce the conveying roller on temperature drop to save energy, in recent years, many factories also used in conveyor roller arranged on the insulation cover or compensation heating furnace (device), or in a small out aft

51、er the roughing mill coil and coil with the new technology such as case.Laminar cooling using a constant pressure water forms a columnar flow, and there is much larger than the jet kinetic impact to the face, breaking plate surface vapor film, formation of nucleate boiling, the cooling capacity of 5

52、024 628.According to the design requirements, reference the actual experience of scene, also using the laminar cooling, and set the cooling area of length 40m.This design according to the requirements by the two mesa down coiling machine, near and far field winding.Down coiler can make from thin to

53、thick, within the larger strip coiling, two coiling machine characteristics of the same.The two mesa down coiling machine design with four automatic stepping function wrapper rolls, prevent unwinding and scratches, it can guarantee the coiling fastening, have long service life.Plate and strip rollin

54、g pressure for plate and strip rolling system is (for) the core, a direct relationship with the mill output and quality.Pressure for the center content is determined by a slab is rolled into a desired strip product deformation system, which is to determine the need to adopt a method of rolling, roll

55、ing passes and each rolling reduction, in operation is to determine the time of screwdown screw lifting position (i.e. roll gap opening).Associated with this, but also relates to the pass of rolling speed, rolling temperature and tension system determination and the size of raw materials selection,

56、and general speaking, reduction rules determine should also include these contents.The current formulation of the press rules there are mainly two ways:1 In 1 field experience formula directly assigned each pass reduction rate and the export thickness2 according to workshop production energy consump

57、tion curve, distribution oftheframeenergyconsumptionloadto thickness.Modern rolling schedule the most method.This is from the electric energydetermine commonly reasonablethe pressure used method consumptionratio and is energy viewpoint,according to the experience of energy consumption data of each frame is calculated reductionThe mill strength increases increasingly, rolling speed increasing of modern rolling mill, the motor power can often be increased production capacity constraints,this method is more reasonable.But as a result of energy