由動(dòng)詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、句型教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、由動(dòng)詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、句型由動(dòng)詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、詞組很多。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)分類處理：一、動(dòng)詞+介詞1. look at 看，look like看上去像,look after 照料2. listen to 聽3. welcome to 歡迎到4. say hello to 向問好5. speak to 對說話此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶賓語，但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。二、動(dòng)詞+副詞動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類：A. 動(dòng)詞（vt.） +副詞1. put on 穿上 2 . take off 脫下 3. write down 記下此類短語可以帶賓語，賓語若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆

2、可；賓語若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。B. 動(dòng)詞（vi） +副詞。1. come on 趕快 2 . get up 起床 3 . go home 回家4. come in 進(jìn)來 5. sit down 坐下 6. stand up 起立此類短語屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，不可以帶賓語。三、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組1. close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class |4. be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper |7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games |10. play

3、games介詞短語聚焦介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語?，F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進(jìn)行歸類。1. in+語言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語言或穿著 料。2. in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等，表示在排/隊(duì)/班級(jí)/年級(jí)"等。3. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示 在上午/下午/傍晚"等一段時(shí)間。4. in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示 在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。5. in the tree表示 在樹上（非樹本身所有）”；on the tree表

4、示 在樹上（為樹本身所有）”6. in the wall表示 在墻上（凹陷進(jìn)去）”；on the wall表示 在墻上（指墻的表面）”。7. at work （在工作）/at school （上學(xué)）/at home （在家）應(yīng)注意此類短語中無 the。8. at +時(shí)刻表示鐘點(diǎn)。9. like this/that表示方式，意為 像這/那樣”。10. of短語表示所屬關(guān)系。11. behind/ beside/ near/ unde葉名詞等，表示方位、處所。|12. from與to多表示方向，前者意為 從”，后者意為 到”另外，以下這些短語也必須掌握。如：on duty, after break

5、fast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on |one ' s bik等。重點(diǎn)句型大回放|1. I think意為 我認(rèn)為”，是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don ' t think 2. give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為 把料給”，動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語，可用這兩種句型；若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)，則只能用give it/ them to sb. |3. take sb./ sth. to 意為把送）帶到”，后常接地點(diǎn)，也可接人。4. One,

6、the other /One is and 意為is一個(gè)是；另一個(gè)是”，必須是兩者中。5. Let sb. do sth.意為 讓某人做某事”人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，其否定式為 Don' t let sb do sth.，或Let sb.not do sth.另外，Let '與Let us的含義不完全相同，前者包括聽者在內(nèi)，后者不包括聽者在內(nèi)，6. help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth. 意為 幫助某人做某事”前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，后者用介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)，二 者可以互換.7. What about ? /How about ?意為“怎

7、么樣？"是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點(diǎn)、意見、看法等。about為介詞， 其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。8. It ' s time to do / It ' s ti意為o該做.的時(shí)間了”其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞，for后可接名詞或V-ing形 式。9. like to do sth./like doing sth.意為 喜歡做某事” 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作；后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的 動(dòng)作，10. ask sb.(not) to do sth.意為 讓某人(不要)做某事”其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，11. show sb. sth. / show

8、sth. to do. 意為 把某物給某人看"，該句型的用法同前面第2點(diǎn)。12. introduce sb. to sb.意為 把某人介紹給另一人” introduce to sb.則是 向某人作介紹”重點(diǎn)短語快速復(fù)習(xí)1. kinds of各種各樣的2. either 或者或者，不是就是3. neither n®不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones'way to 在途中9. b

9、e sick/ill in hospital 生病住院10. at the end of 在的盡頭，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及時(shí)13. make one ' s way往(艱難地)走去14. just then 正在那時(shí)15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走錯(cuò)路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵鬧，喧嘩19. get on 上車20. get off 下車21. stand in line 站隊(duì)22. waiting room 候診室，候車室23. at the head of

10、 在的前頭24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 亂丟，拋散26. in fact實(shí)際上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 人體溫31. have/get a pain in某處疼痛32. have a headache 頭痛33. as soon as 就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop from doing sth阻止 干某事36. fall a

11、sleep 入睡37. again and again 再三地，反復(fù)地38. wake up醒來，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 檢查41. take exercise 運(yùn)動(dòng)42. had better（not） do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按時(shí)45. out of從向外46. all by oneself 獨(dú)立，單獨(dú)47. lots of=a lot of 許多48. no longer/more=notany longer/m不再49. get back回來，取回50. sooner

12、 or later 遲早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追趕54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物55. take（good） care of=look after（好好we 照顧，照料56. think of考慮到，想起57. keep a diary 堅(jiān)持寫日記58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下59. harder and harder 越來越厲害60. turn on打開（電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等）|61. turn off 關(guān)重溫重點(diǎn)句型1. So + be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+

13、主語.|前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示另一人（物）也如此?！鼻懊骊愂龅姆穸ㄇ闆r也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用 “Neither/ Nor + be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語."這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：“So主語+be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.”這一句型常用于表示贊同，進(jìn)一步肯定對方的看法，表示的確如此?！笔茄健！眓either.nor. , both.and. , either.or. , not only.but also.等句型要遵循相鄰原則。2. Turn right / left at the first /second/crossing.這一指路的句型

14、意為在第一/二/ 個(gè)十字路口向右/左拐。"相當(dāng)于Take the first /second/turning ontheright / left.3. It takes sb . some time to do sth .此句型表示干某事花了某人一段時(shí)間?！逼渲械膇t是形式主語，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）才是真正的主語 .就等于 spent time on sth / spent time in doing sth4. thinkZfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式賓語，不可用其它代詞替代，形容詞作賓語的補(bǔ)足語，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)才是真

15、正的賓 語。5. What' s wrong with ？ 此句型相當(dāng)于 What' s the matter/ trouble with ?后跟某物作賓語時(shí)，意為 某物出什么毛病了？"后跟某人作賓語時(shí), 意為某人怎么了？ ”6. too to 在sothat 復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是否定句時(shí)，常與簡單句tooto(太而不能)進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。在sothat復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是肯定句時(shí)，常與簡單句 enough to進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換.7. Sorry to hear that.全句應(yīng)為I ' m sorry to hear that.意為聽到此事我很難過(

16、遺憾)。"常用于對別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。| 重點(diǎn)句型、詞組大盤點(diǎn)|1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她過去是一位漢語老師。|用法used to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。搭配used to do 的否定式可以是 usedn ' t to d或 didn ' t use to do.比較used to do sth. 過去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事；be used to do sth.被用來做某事。2. return it sooner

17、 or later.遲早要將它歸還。用法l)sooner or later意為 遲早”、早晚”。2) return此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為 歸還”，相當(dāng)于give back.拓展return還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 返回”，相當(dāng)于go back或come back。3. No matter what the weather is like無論天氣用法no matter what相當(dāng)于whatever，其意為 無論什么”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。拓展類似no matter what的表達(dá)方式還有：no matter when 無論什么時(shí)候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什么

18、地方no matter who 無論誰no matter how 無論怎么樣4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. |一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語。用法practise doing sth.表示實(shí)踐、練習(xí)(做)某事”。拓展practice名詞，實(shí)踐”、實(shí)施”、練習(xí)”；put a plan into practice 實(shí)行某計(jì)劃。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓勵(lì)大家參加保

19、護(hù)我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動(dòng)。用法1)encourage用作動(dòng)詞，意思是 鼓勵(lì)”、支持”。2) take part in 參加”常表示參加活動(dòng)。3) protect是動(dòng)詞，表示 防御”、保護(hù)”。搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵(lì)或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害6. to warn people about sharks in the water.警告人們當(dāng)心水里的鯊魚。|用法warn用作動(dòng)詞，意思是 警告”、警戒”。搭配1)warn sb.+

20、that 從句2)warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事3) warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事4) warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當(dāng)心某事/不要做某事常用動(dòng)詞短語1. have: have a coldcoughfeverheadachepain have a great effect onhave a good time have a matchmeetingdiscussion had better do sthhave no choice but to do sth have a rest have on |2. make: m

21、ake a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to dosth make a living make up one' s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology makeit a rule |make it make into make out of make upmake of make from make a call3. take: t

22、ake a seat take a message for take an interest in |take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do |take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part intake place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine |take up|4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a gogo ska

23、tingfishingshoppingswimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go|out |go over go against go without go on a picnic go through |5. get: get down to doing sth get hurtmarrieddressedcaughtget over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get

24、together get in to the habit of doingget used to doing sth get rid of get tired of6. put: put on put forward put off put output up put on weight put away put down |7. play: play an important part in play an important role inplay football play the piano8. keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off k

25、eep out |keep one ' s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doingkeep on doing keep order9. give: give away give out give off give upgive in give some advice on give a talk on sth give first aid10. come: come about come across come on come outcome to oneself come true come up11. bring: bring

26、 down bring in bring up bring along |12. break: break down break out break away frombreak up break into break off break in13. turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn onturn up turn out to14.lo ok: look out look up look down upon look afterlook at l

27、ook for look around look over look as iflook forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on15.do: do sb a favour do up do one' s hair do a good deed do wrong1.弄清詞語自身結(jié)構(gòu)用法學(xué)生做題時(shí)往往僅限于依據(jù)詞語的中文含義，簡單對照。這樣就造成了許多中文正確，而英語結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤。如 允許某人干某事” allow sb to do sth，而不可用做agree sb to do sth.同意干某事"說allow

28、doing sth.而 agree去卩應(yīng)為 agree to do sth.再女口 ：希望某人去干某事 ” expect sb to do sth.不可說為 hopesbtodosth. 建議某人 去干某事"說advise sb to do.就不可說是suggest sb to do sth.這是根據(jù)動(dòng)詞自身的基本用法而決定的。這些更需要學(xué) 習(xí)中不斷積累。下面是一些常用動(dòng)詞的不同結(jié)構(gòu)用法：A. 以下動(dòng)詞與不定式連用即 afford to dosth .afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,dema

29、nd,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,|help, hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish |B. 以下動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)名詞連用即 admit doing sth admit,advise, allow,appreciate,avoid,can' thelp,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,

30、insiston,keep,mind,miss, | order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest |C. 以下動(dòng)詞與不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)連用即advise sb to do |sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,|long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind

31、,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc .l et,have,make,（使役動(dòng)詞后的不定式去掉 to）see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel（感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式去掉 to）常用動(dòng)詞短語1. have: have a coldcoughfeverheadachepain have a great effect onhave a good time have a matchmeetingdiscussion had better do sthhave no choice but to d

32、o sth have a rest have on2. make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to dosth make a living make up one' s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology makeit a rulemake it make into make out of make upmake o

33、f make from make a call |3. take: take a seat take a message for take an interest intake off take on （a new look） take over take steps to dotake some measures to do sth take care take charge take part intake place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicinetake upl4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a gogo skatingfishingshoppingswimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go|outgo over go against go without go on a picnic go through5. get: get down to doing sth get hurtmarrieddressedcaughtget over get off get ready