商務英語詞匯翻譯(一)

1、商務英語詞匯翻譯Translation of words in Business English Translation 商務英語性質與特點商務英語性質與特點 1. 1. 用詞正式、嚴謹、準確用詞正式、嚴謹、準確 construe; interim; grant; levy; utilize 2. 2. 常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞 YR TLX 28 TH RCVD; VC; B/L; POD; L/C; F.O.B herewith; herein; hereunder; hereof; hereby 3. 3. 句法復雜，多介詞、被動、非謂語動詞、從句等句法復雜，

2、多介詞、被動、非謂語動詞、從句等 商務英語翻譯的標準商務英語翻譯的標準 faithfulness, exactness, consistency, fluency解釋；解釋；臨時；臨時；提供，讓渡財產提供，讓渡財產征收，征稅；征收，征稅；利用利用 試論英漢詞義的差異（劉宓慶1980） 靈活之英語詞匯靈活之英語詞匯 Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. (Eric Partridge) 獨立性較小，含義廣泛：man 嚴謹之漢語詞匯嚴謹之漢語詞匯 約定俗成 正名言實。 荀子荀子正名篇正名篇 雙音節(jié)詞受合力制約，不易變

3、通：人民；開端英語詞匯多義性與翻譯之難 一名之立，旬月踟躕。 嚴復嚴復STORY 故事？故事？【1】This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.這場戰(zhàn)爭已成為這一代人的最重大的事件事件。【2】Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些沒有參加那次會議的記者把內情內情捅出去了。【3】Hell be very happy if that story holds up.如果這話這話當真，那他太高興了?！?】A youn

4、g man came to Scottis office with a story.一個年輕人來到斯科特的辦公室報案報案?！?】The story about him became smaller and faded out from the American television by and by.報道中對他的渲染渲染減少了，不久他就從美國電視上銷聲匿跡。漢英詞匯意義的變遷 英語：英語：snowballing Nice （古法語foolish or silly） foolish wanton strange lazy coy modest fastidious refined precis

5、e subtle slender critical attentive minutely accurate dainty appetizing agreeable pleasant Jet; shuttle; yawn; remote The point is, dont try to total the guys that overweight you by far. 漢語：因形見義漢語：因形見義 差距；回收；導游；蹲點；試點；雙職工；成活率英譯漢常用手段英譯漢常用手段 1. 1. 引申引申 （具體 概括化、一般化的詞）For the next month or two Kissinger

6、focused on these concerns and others.concern（關注、重視、擔心、焦慮）問題 2. 2. 揉合揉合 （擴大漢語詞義范圍）Detente is an aspiration of Western policy, not a political reality.aspiration (愿望、欲望、期望、心愿、抱負、理想、志向) 企望 3. 3. 融合融合 （靈活變通漢語句式，求神似）It can be said for his justification that he had to give up when any advice he gave her c

7、auses nothing but back talk.憑心而論，他也只好就此罷休，因為每次他給她提意見，她就頂回去。What can easily be seen in his poems are his imagery and originality, power and range.他的詩形象生動，獨具一格，而且氣勢磅礴，這是顯而易見的。英譯漢常用手段 4. 4. 拆譯拆譯 （解析化滯，靈活安排）The Western powers would once again have gladly escaped the Soviet initiative.西方國家本來可以再次避開蘇聯的倡議，那

8、樣以來他們就比現在愜意自如了。 5. 5. 增補增補 （補窄就寬）【1】作形容詞用的名詞sanitation cops 保護環(huán)境衛(wèi)生的警察（美國）attention span 上課（開會）時參加者能集中注意力的時限appointment secretary 負責安排日程的秘書【2】在表意上具有特殊色彩的詞devour 狼吞虎咽似的吃； sip 一小口一小口地喝（茶、咖啡等）【3】抽象名詞 oneness 一體狀態(tài)； darkness 一團漆黑【4】合成詞autome （automobile + home）流動住宅車商務英語詞匯特點及翻譯概述 商務英語專業(yè)詞匯商務英語專業(yè)詞匯premium (保

9、險費); indemnities (賠償); tenacy (房屋出租); lease of property(財產出租); 普通詞匯在商務英語中的意義及用法普通詞匯在商務英語中的意義及用法composition (和解); appreciation of money (貨幣升值); break-even point(保本點); royalty(提成費); lot (票（貨物）); distribution(銷售); dump(傾銷); aquire(收購); hornor vt.(支付)；accept(兌現); 一詞多義現象一詞多義現象margin (利潤；押金；保證金); discount

10、 (打折；貼現；貼水)P21articles (商品；條款)turnover (營業(yè)額；證券成交額；（貨物）流動，吞吐；人員更換率)p25 如何正確理解商英詞匯意義？如何正確理解商英詞匯意義？漢英文化差異與翻譯策略漢英文化差異與翻譯策略 語境在所有翻譯中都是最重要的因素，其重要性大于任何法規(guī)、任何理論、任何基本詞義。 Newmark 意義對等意義對等（忌望文生義）(E-C)black tea (紅茶); golden sugar(赤砂糖)；brown sugar(紅糖); black coffee(濃咖啡); strong tea(濃茶); 功能對等功能對等（考慮到其接受性）(C-E)雙羊v.

11、s. goats; 白貓v.s.cat；白象v.s. white elephant 藍天v.s. blue sky好馬不吃回頭草 兔子不吃窩邊草 天涯何處無芳草 Dont fish the fish you let go. Dont fish in your neighbors pond. Shes not the only fish in the ocean.漢英不同的表達習慣大雪heavy snow (而不習慣說big snow)紅茶black tea (而不習慣說red tea)紅糖brown sugar (而不習慣說red sugar)濃茶strong tea (而不習慣說thick

12、tea)喝湯eat soup (而不習慣說drink soup)丟臉lose face (而不習慣說lose ones face)發(fā)脾氣lose temper (而不習慣說lose ones temper)露一手show a hand (而不習慣說show ones hand)紅眼病green-eyed (而不習慣說red-eyed)減肥lose weight (而不習慣說lose ones weight)闖紅燈run a red light (而不習慣說through a red light)不論晴雨rain or shine 而不習慣說(whether) shine or rain近三年t

13、he past three years (而不習慣說the latest three years) 所以，東南西北要說成north，south，east and west商務英漢翻譯技巧探索商務英漢翻譯技巧探索 直譯直譯（Literal Translation）（理解原文詞義）We spent five hundred dollars on travelling, and a like sum on books.我們旅行花費了五百美元，買書也花費了同樣多的錢。Share prices moved ahead today.股票價格今日上揚。 意譯意譯（Free Translation）（表達：引

14、申）We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我們堅持主張國際貿易不應是有來無往。And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the worlds breadbasket.這是令人慶幸的消息：斯德哥爾摩居民十一月尚能享日光浴，南極的旅游業(yè)日趨興旺，西伯利亞成了世界糧倉。表達：詞類轉化表達：詞類轉化 英

15、語作為英語作為屈折語屈折語(fusional language)liberalization; payment; schematically; simplicity; meticulously 動詞化漢語動詞化漢語Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will be in the custody of the customs and storage charges are for the importers account.交關稅前，進口貨物由海關保管，存儲費由出口商負擔。（名-動）We should advise yo

16、u to get in touch with them for your requirements.建議你方與他們取得聯系，洽購所需商品。（介-動）It was clear that they had no desire for cooperation.很清楚他們沒有合作的誠意。（形-動）The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.圖一所示是這種新型及其的簡圖。（副-名）補充詞匯 price term world / international market price 國際市場價格 FOB (free on board

17、) 離岸價 C&F (cost and freight) 成本加運費價 CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸價 freight 運費 wharfage 碼頭費 landing charges 卸貨費 customs duty 關稅 port dues 港口稅 import surcharge 進口附加稅 import variable duties 進口差價稅 commission 傭金 return commission 回傭，回扣 price including commission 含傭價 net price 凈價 wholesale price 批發(fā)價 discount / allowance 折扣 retail price 零售價 spot price 現貨價格 current price 現行價格 / 時價 indicative price 參考價格 customs valuation 海關估價 price list 價目表 total value 總值翻譯工具翻譯工具 1知識詞典：http:/ 2CNKI翻譯助手：http