高二必修五重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)——一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、Section Grammar 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在高考中約占6分，考查形式主要有單選、語(yǔ)篇填空和改錯(cuò)，主要考察這三種時(shí)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。本模塊重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often，usually，every.，sometimes，at.，on.。I leave home for school at 7 every morning

2、.每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家去學(xué)校。2表示客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國(guó)東部。3表示格言、警句或文學(xué)作品。Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。4現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。I dont want so much.我不想要那么多。Ann

3、 writes English well but does not speak well.安英語(yǔ)寫得不錯(cuò)，講得可不行。5在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。When Bill comes，ask him to wait for me.比爾來(lái)的時(shí)候，讓他等著我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.我一到那兒就給你寫信。二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？我先讀哪一段呢？Will you b

4、e at home at seven this evening?今晚七點(diǎn)你在家嗎？2be going to動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來(lái)。(1)主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?你明天打算做什么呢？(2)計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.這部戲下月開始制作。 (3)有跡象要發(fā)生的事。Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，將有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨了。3be不定式，表將來(lái)按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are

5、 to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。4be about不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do不能與tomorrow，next week等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。意為：正要做這時(shí)。提醒(1)下列動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six t

6、omorrow morning.火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。When does the bus start？It starts in ten minutes.汽車什么時(shí)候開？十分鐘后。(2)以here，there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Here comes the bus.The bus is coming.車來(lái)了。There goes the bell.The bell is ringing.鈴響了。(3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。When Bill comes (不是will come)，ask him to wait for me.比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我。Ill write to you as s

7、oon as I arrive there.我一到那里，就寫信給你 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。2習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr Green is writing another novel.格林先生在寫另一部小說(shuō)。(說(shuō)話時(shí)并不一定在寫)3表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。The leaves are turning red.葉子在變紅。Its getting warmer and warmer.天越來(lái)越熱了。4

8、與always，constantly，forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.你老是改變主意。提醒下列動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week?你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成為

9、：have (has)過(guò)去分詞。1一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，last week，.ago，in 1980，in October，just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：so far，up to now，in past years，for a long time，since then等，皆為不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

10、。共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning，tonight，this April，now等。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live，teach，learn，work，study，know等。一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(組)有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，get married等。提醒句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday，last week，in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。(錯(cuò)) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night

11、.(對(duì)) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.2用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型(1)It is the first/second time.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問(wèn)這城市。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。注意：上面句型中的is若改為was，則從句部分用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was the third time that the boy

12、had been late.這是這個(gè)男孩第三次遲到了。(2)This is形容詞最高級(jí)that.結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1When you_(come) across a new word while reading，youd better not look it up.答案：come2I_(take) my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.答案：am taking3The telephone_(r

13、ing)Would you answer it，please?答案：is ringing4Most students here_(study) English for more than four years.答案：have studied5It is two years since I_(smoke)答案：smoked6It is the second time that he_(visit) the Great Wall.答案：has visited7Work hard，and you_(pass) the exam.答案：will pass8Im sorry，but theres no

14、smoking on this flight.Oh，I_(not know) that.I wont again.答案：didnt know9I forgot to post the letter.I_(post) it for you.答案：will post10Great changes_(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.答案：have taken.單項(xiàng)填空1The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power_increased enormously eve

15、r since.AisBwasChas been Dhad been解析：由ever since可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：C幻燈片252I was about_the classroom_the head teacher stopped me.Aleaving；when Bleave；whileCto leave；when Dto leaving；while解析：句意為：我正要離開教室，這時(shí)班主任攔住了我。be about to do.when為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，“正要做這時(shí)”。答案：C幻燈片263Its said that you_several countries where the UN_pr

16、ograms to help people in the past two years as a Goodwill Ambassador.Avisited；operated Bhave visited；operatesCare visiting；operates Dvisit；operate解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past two years，可知第一個(gè)空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，第二個(gè)空格處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表明聯(lián)合國(guó)實(shí)施的長(zhǎng)期項(xiàng)目。句意為：據(jù)說(shuō)，在過(guò)去的兩年中，你作為親善形象大使訪問(wèn)了聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)其實(shí)施幫助的幾個(gè)國(guó)家。答案：B幻燈片274It is the second time that

17、I_to Shanghai.What great changes！Its ten years since I_it last time.Ahave been；left Bhad been；leftCam；had left Dcome；had left解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。第一空為固定結(jié)構(gòu)Its the second time that.從句中應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；since作連詞引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表明時(shí)間起點(diǎn)。答案：A幻燈片285Who do you think_the book here?It may be John.He was sitting here all the morning.Awa

18、s leaving BleavesChad left Dhas left解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響書留在了這里，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：D幻燈片296Stop shouting at me.Well，you_it.Astarted BstartChad started Dhave started解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：別再?zèng)_我嚷嚷了。哦，是你先開始的。start開始，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在對(duì)話之前，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案：A幻燈片307My parents have promised to come to see me before I_for Africa.Ahave left Bleav

19、eCleft Dwill leave解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意：我父母答應(yīng)在我去非洲之前來(lái)看我?？芍猯eave為將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，且前面采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此leave用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)這一動(dòng)作。答案：B幻燈片318Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.Oh，really? I_.I_visit her.Adidnt know；will go toBdont know；will go toCdidnt know；am going toDhavent known；am going to解

20、析：第一空強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道了，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；第二空應(yīng)用will，表示臨時(shí)決定將要做的事，而be going to表示按照計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。答案：A幻燈片329Whats the terrible noise?The neighbour_for a crazy party.Ahave prepared Bare preparingCprepare Dwill prepare解析：對(duì)話雙方說(shuō)的都是說(shuō)話時(shí)的噪音，故可推知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。答案：B幻燈片3310He_basketball well，but I havent had time to watch the ga

21、mes.Aplayed Bwill playChave played Dplays解析：考查語(yǔ)境中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法。前一分句是對(duì)主語(yǔ)he的特長(zhǎng)情況的描述，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案：D幻燈片3411He can speak French because he lived in France.Really? How long_there?Adoes he live Bis he livingChas he lived Ddid he live解析：句意為：他會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)是因?yàn)樗诜▏?guó)居住過(guò)。真的嗎？他在那兒住過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？從題干可知：“he”已不在法國(guó)，談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去，因此選D。答案：D幻燈片3512Whe

22、n are your parents leaving?Their plane_at 130 pm.Atakes off Btook offCwill take off Dis to take off解析：計(jì)劃表或者時(shí)刻表中規(guī)定好的動(dòng)作可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。句意為：你父母什么時(shí)候離開？他們的飛機(jī)下午一點(diǎn)半起飛。答案：A幻燈片3613Lets keep to the point or we_any decision.Awill never reach Bhave never reachedCnever reach Dnever reached解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意可知“我們無(wú)法做出決定”為

23、將來(lái)的情況。因此，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。另外，此題符合“祈使句or/and一般將來(lái)時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A幻燈片3714The price_，but I doubt whether it will remain so.Awent down Bwill go downChas gone down Dwas going down解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后句“我懷疑物價(jià)是否會(huì)保持這樣”可知，物價(jià)已經(jīng)降下來(lái)了，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，因此C項(xiàng)是正確的。答案：C幻燈片3815He_of how he can do more for the people.Ahad always thought Bis always thinki

24、ngChas always been thought Dthinking always解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由句意及always可知，該句表示他總是在考慮如何為人們多做點(diǎn)事。屬一貫性、反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，帶有強(qiáng)烈的褒揚(yáng)色彩，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示，選B。答案：B幻燈片3916(2010上海春)We_on our project day and night in the past two weeks.Ahad worked Bhave workedCwill be working Dare working解析：句意為：在過(guò)去的兩周里，我們夜以繼日地做我們的項(xiàng)目。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past two weeks可知，本句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。答案：B幻燈片4017Ann is i