Chapter3商務(wù)英語翻譯特點

1、Chapter 3商務(wù)英語翻譯特點被動語態(tài)常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯被動語態(tài)常見兩種漢譯方法譯為漢語主動句譯為漢語被動句保留原文的主語Developed to meet the needs of very high output networks, this new socket is characterized first of all by its exceptional performance. 這種新型的插座是為了滿足高度信息輸出網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需要而開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品，它首要的特點是性能卓越。譯為漢語主動句Problems should be resolved in good time.問題應(yīng)及時加以解決。O

2、n their domestic stations, the trade issues were discussed briefly.在他們國內(nèi)電臺的廣播中，貿(mào)易問題只是輕描淡寫地報導(dǎo)了一下。The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word: complexity.人腦與電腦的差異可以概括成一個詞：復(fù)雜性。practice將原文的主語譯成賓語，增補主語Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for

3、the firms output. 人們認為營銷就是為某個公司的產(chǎn)品尋找買主，并鼓勵購買。Public relations(PR) is a term that is widely misunderstood and misused to describe anything from selling to hosting, when in fact it is a very specific communication process.人們普遍對公共關(guān)系這個詞存在誤解，錯誤地用它來描述從銷售到招待客人等無所不包的各種活動，而實際上，它是一個非常專門的交流過程。An MBA degree is

4、considered to be one of the important requirements for the corporate position.人們認為工商管理碩士學(xué)歷是擔任這一公司職位的必要條件之一。With the development of modern electrical engineering, power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.隨著現(xiàn)代電氣工程的發(fā)展，人們能把電力輸送到所需要的任何地方。practice將原文的某一部分譯成主語They did a security check on all the l

5、uggage that was being loaded onto the other flight and found that there was no passenger name on that manifesto to match that particular suitcase. 他們對另一個航班正在裝運的所有行李進行了安全檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)在乘客的登記單上，沒有一個乘客的名字能和那個行李箱對上。Trade relationship has been established between China and most other countries in the world.中國與世界上

6、大多數(shù)國家建立了貿(mào)易關(guān)系。practice把施事者譯成主語This conclusion is hardly justified bytheresults. 這些結(jié)果很難證明這個結(jié)論是正確的。譯成無主句Four major stages inthe product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. 已經(jīng)確認，產(chǎn)品的生命周期可以劃分為四個 主要階段：引進市場階段，成長階段，成熟 階段和衰退階段。Thecase is being investigated. 正在調(diào)查這個案件。 T

7、heaircraft has been redesigned. 已經(jīng)重新設(shè)計過這種飛機。practice英語中的被動語態(tài)可以翻譯成漢語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)“受事者-是-施事 者-動詞的”Thefinancial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision-makers tohelp them plan and controltheactivitiesoftheeconomic entity. 會計系統(tǒng)提供的金融信息對于幫助管理層決 策人員制定計劃和控制該經(jīng)濟實體的活動而 言是不可或缺的。The

8、decisionof acquisition and merger is not taken lightly bythemanagement. 并購的決定不是管理層輕易做出的。practice以it為形式主語的英語被動句子，在翻譯成漢 語的時候往往使用主動形式。It is generally agreed that organizations with effective managers will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. 人們普遍認為，擁有高效勝任的管理人

9、員， 公司成功的可能性更大，而管理人員能力低 下的公司則大多會失敗。漢語中表達被動的一些詞或結(jié)構(gòu)：遭受、遭到、受到、得到、受、挨、叫、被 、給 、為所等等Political contests remind us thatthecandidates are marketed as well as soap; students recruitment by colleges reminds us that higher education is marketed; and fund raising reminds us that “causes” are marketed. 政治競爭讓我們看到候選

10、人也像肥皂一樣被宣傳推銷；大學(xué)錄取學(xué)生使我們明白高等教育也要宣傳推銷；集資活動也讓我們了解到“各種事業(yè)”同樣也需要宣傳推銷。譯為漢語被動句定語從句常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯翻譯方法前置法后置法溶合法前置法There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labor markets, short-term capital market, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price.由房地產(chǎn)市場、外匯市場、勞務(wù)市場、短期資金市場等等；任何有價值的東西都可能有個

11、市場。Nations will usually produce and export those goods in which they have the greatest comparative advantage, and import those items in which they have the least comparative advantage.各國通常都生產(chǎn)和出口那些他們最具有比較優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品，而進口那些他們最不具備比較優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。practiceShe has identified five areas of research which could transform

12、the company and give it a “cutting edge” image.她已經(jīng)確定了五個能夠使公司轉(zhuǎn)型并賦予公司先進形象的研究領(lǐng)域。In case of losses caused by a breach of contract, the financial responsibility shall be borne by the party that has breached the contract.因違反合同而造成的損失，應(yīng)由違反合同的一方承擔經(jīng)濟責(zé)任。后置法Business is a combination of all these activities: pro

13、duction, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.商務(wù)是指生產(chǎn)、配送、銷售等一切活動的組合，通過這些活動，創(chuàng)造利潤或經(jīng)濟盈余。practiceThis is a school of international business, the students of which are trained to be business executives for joint ventures or foreign-owned businesses.這是一所國際商務(wù)學(xué)院，該院學(xué)

14、生將被培養(yǎng)成合資或外國獨資企業(yè)的管理者。After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個主要談判人員繼續(xù)進行會談，一直談到深夜。溶合法Fortunately there are some US Congressmen who are supportive of extending MFN treatment to China.幸好有些美國國會議員支持延長對華最惠國待遇。MFN: Most Favored NationThere are qui

15、te a few imitation and shoddy products at the market, which still cause a headache to the consuming public.市場上有不少假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品仍令廣大消費者感到頭痛。practiceA contract is an agreement between two or more entities, which createsanobligation to doornot to do a particular thing.合同是指兩個或兩個以上實體之間的協(xié)議，生成去做或不做某件特定事情的義務(wù)。帶有狀語功能

16、的定語從句We did not place an order with that company, whose offer was not what we had expected.我們沒有與那家公司簽訂購買訂單，因為他們的報價超出我們的預(yù)料。Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work or replace men.盡管電子計算機有很多優(yōu)點，但是它們不能進行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。practicePrivate universities in the United State

17、s have offered a wide range of courses that will suit the needs of different students.美國私立大學(xué)開設(shè)了多種多樣的課程，以滿足不同學(xué)生的要求。As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.如貴方所知，我方正處中一個高度競爭的市場，因此，我方不能不把價格降至最低限度。常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯長句翻譯策略順序譯法（直譯法）逆序譯法（逆

18、譯法）拆分譯法綜合譯法直譯法Wehopeyouwillbringforwardanoutlineofyour proposal statingindetailthescaleofproduction，marketing arrangement for buy-back products and mode of payment etc. so that we can make a preliminaryevaluationoftheeconomicfeasibilityofyourproposal.希望貴公司能提出一份建議提綱，說明該工廠的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、回購產(chǎn)品的市場安排、支付方式，等等，以便我方對

19、這一計劃在經(jīng)濟上的可行性做出初步估計。Ininternationalbuyingandsellingofgoods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses.(在)國際貿(mào)易貨物的買賣(中)存在著各種各樣的風(fēng)險，這些風(fēng)險的發(fā)生將會給(有關(guān)的)商人們帶來經(jīng)濟損失。practiceTheworldisundergoingprofoundchanges:theintegrationofeconomywithscienceandtechnologyisincre

20、asing,therestructuringoftheworldeconomyisspeedingup,andeconomicprosperitydependsnotonlyonthetotalvolumeofresourcesandcapital,butalsodirectlyontheaccumulationandapplicationoftechnologicalknowledgeandinformation.譯文：世界正在發(fā)生深刻的變化：經(jīng)濟與科學(xué)技術(shù)的結(jié)合與日俱增；世界經(jīng)濟的重組加快步伐；經(jīng)濟繁榮不僅僅取決于資源和資本的總量，而且直接有賴于技術(shù)知識和信息的積累及其應(yīng)用。逆譯法在因果關(guān)

21、系上，英語常常從果到因，強調(diào)果對主體的影響，而漢語則從因到果順理推移，從解釋到結(jié)論，從條件到結(jié)果。在敘和議的關(guān)系上，英語一般先表態(tài)后敘事，而漢語一般先交代事情，后發(fā)表議論。翻譯時，我們必須從原文的后面譯起，逆著原文的順序翻譯。ExamplesThedocumentarycreditsoffersauniqueanduniversallyusedmethodofachievinga commercially acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the

22、goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods.跟單信用證提供了一種獨特的、全世界都采用的方法，即憑代表貨物的單據(jù)付款，從而使貨權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能。這是一種商業(yè)上可以接受的折中方式。HisdelegationwelcomedthefactthatUNDP waspreparedtorespondtoemergencyneedsas theyrose,despitethebasicallylong-termoperationsthatcharacterizedthoseprograms.盡管聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署的特點是開展長期

23、業(yè)務(wù)活動，但是該機構(gòu)也作了應(yīng)急準備，對此，他的代表團表示歡迎。UNDP：the United Nations Development ProgrammepracticeItshouldbethepressingtaskininternationalpostalcooperationtoactivelyhelpdevelopingcountriesovercomedifficultiesintheirdevelopmentofpostalservicesandtoenergeticallynarrowthegapbetweenthedevelopingandthedevelopedcountri

24、esinthisfield.積極幫助發(fā)展中國家克服郵政建設(shè)中面臨的困難，努力縮小發(fā)展中國家與發(fā)達國家在郵政領(lǐng)域的差距，應(yīng)成為國際郵政合作的當務(wù)之急。拆分譯法WeareobligedforyourenquiryofMay 11 and are pleased to enclose a wide selection of priced patterns of good and medium quality cottons, all of which we can supply from stock.感謝貴公司5月11日之來函。茲隨函奉上標有價格的中級棉花精選樣品。凡此種種，皆能從倉庫中隨時供應(yīng)。p

25、racticeInItalythequestionoftitleis further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctorand engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.在意大利，任何人只要有大學(xué)學(xué)位就可以被成為博士，這使頭銜的問題更讓人糊涂。工程師、律師和建筑設(shè)計師也會要求別人以他們的職業(yè)頭銜來稱呼他們。綜合譯法S i n c

26、e t h e c o m p a n y w o u l d n t desireapplicantswhodo not have a good profile it is important that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things asthe applicants age, qualifications and work experiences as well as references from other ind

27、ividualswhoknowtheapplicant well.由于公司不會錄用材料不佳的申請者，因此向有希望的應(yīng)聘者激發(fā)包括諸如年齡、資歷、工作經(jīng)驗等簡明欣信息的申請表，并向了解應(yīng)聘者情況的有關(guān)人士征求參考意見，這是很重要的。practiceComputerlanguagemay range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by particular computer, to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automaticall

28、y acceptable to wide range of computers.譯文：計算機語言有低級也有高級的。前者比較繁瑣，很接近于特定計算機直接能懂的語言；后者比較復(fù)雜，適應(yīng)范圍廣，能自動為多種計算機所接受。數(shù)字翻譯法倍數(shù)的翻譯今年的糧食產(chǎn)量大約是去年的3倍/比去年多兩倍左右。The grain output of this year is about three times as great as that of last year.U n d e r c a r e f u l p r e p a r a t i o n a n d organization, the product

29、ivity of labor has been three to four times higher than usual.在周密的準備和組織下，勞動生產(chǎn)率比平常高兩至三倍?！笆堑膎倍”“比大（n-1）倍”“be n times + as a. (ad.) as”“n times + a.(ad.)比較級+than ”n times the size （length, amount,）of B The production of this kind of machine in our plant this year is estimated to increase to 3 times com

30、pared with 2006. 今年我廠這種機器的產(chǎn)量預(yù)計是2006年的三倍。（比2006年增加兩倍）公司的銷售額三年來增加了四倍。 The turnover of the company has grown five times over the past three years.From 1978 to 1992, the per capita net income of farmers rose by six fold, at an average annual rate of 13.4 per cent. 從1978年到1992年，農(nóng)民的人均收入以年均百分之十三點四的速度增長了五倍。

31、“增加到n倍”、“增加了（n-1）倍” “increase (rise, grow, go up) +(by) n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + to + n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + n-fold” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + by a factor of + n” The output went up by 45 000 tons.The production has increased by 5 %. 6. “an increase of n”或或“a

32、n% increase of” 表示凈增量，表示凈增量，n n 照譯。照譯。 產(chǎn)量增加了產(chǎn)量增加了45 000 45 000 噸。噸。生產(chǎn)已增加了生產(chǎn)已增加了5 5。There is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了450450萬噸。萬噸。There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year. 鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了2525。“increase (rise, grow, go

33、up) +by n +單位（或單位（或n %）” 表示凈增量，數(shù)詞表示凈增量，數(shù)詞n n等照譯。等照譯。180 decreased by 80 is 100. The cost decreased by 40%. 180180減去減去8080等于等于100100。成本下降了成本下降了4040。This new process used 35 % less fuel.這種工序少用了這種工序少用了3535的燃料。的燃料。7. “decrease ( reduce, fall, lower,等等) + by n 或或n%”; “系動詞系動詞 + n less (than)” 表示凈減量，所減數(shù)字均可

34、照譯表示凈減量，所減數(shù)字均可照譯8. A is n times as small （light，slow，）as B A is n times smaller （lighter， slower，) than B A A的大?。ㄖ亓浚俣?，的大?。ㄖ亓浚俣?，）是）是B B的的1/n1/nThe enterprise management expenditure this year has decreased by three times as against that of 2002.The price of farm tools has decreased by a factor of 4.

35、 該企業(yè)今年的行政管理開支比該企業(yè)今年的行政管理開支比20022002年降低了年降低了2/32/3。 農(nóng)具降到原價的農(nóng)具降到原價的1/41/4。 The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation.通過技術(shù)革新該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了通過技術(shù)革新該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了3/53/5。 因為英漢語言在使用分數(shù)方面的差異（如漢語的分母中極少使用小因為英漢語言在使用分數(shù)方面的差異（如漢語的分母中極少使用小數(shù)點），如果英語減少的倍數(shù)中有小數(shù)點時，則應(yīng)換算成分數(shù)。根據(jù)表數(shù)點），如

36、果英語減少的倍數(shù)中有小數(shù)點時，則應(yīng)換算成分數(shù)。根據(jù)表達習(xí)慣英語中的達習(xí)慣英語中的2.5times2.5times，漢語一般不說，漢語一般不說“二點五分之一二點五分之一”，這時應(yīng)換，這時應(yīng)換算成整數(shù)分母，即算成整數(shù)分母，即“降低到五分之二降低到五分之二”或或“降低了五分之三降低了五分之三”。9. “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ (by) n times (n-fold)” “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ n times as + a. (ad.) + as” “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ by

37、 a factor of n There is a n-fold decrease/reduction“減少到減少到n n分之分之1 1” 或或“減加少了減加少了n n分之（分之（n n1 1）”By using a new process the prime cost of the television set was reduced by 3.4 times.采用一種新工藝使這種電視的主要成本降低了采用一種新工藝使這種電視的主要成本降低了71%71%。算成整數(shù)分母，即算成整數(shù)分母，即“降低到降低到5/175/17”或或“降低了降低了12/1712/17”，但這，但這樣仍不符合漢語習(xí)慣。在不

38、要求絕對精確的情況下，可進一步樣仍不符合漢語習(xí)慣。在不要求絕對精確的情況下，可進一步換算成百分數(shù)，即換算成百分數(shù)，即“降低到降低到29%29%”或或“降低了降低了71%71%”。In this region the grain output is now five timesfive-fold that twenty years ago本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量是二十年前的五倍。本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量是二十年前的五倍。本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量比二十年前增長了四倍。的糧食產(chǎn)量比二十年前增長了四倍。Johnson finished the 200-meter dash in 22 seconds f

39、lat.約翰遜跑完約翰遜跑完200200米正好用了米正好用了2222秒。秒。The company spent a solid year on the acquisition of its rival.該公司花了整整一年時間來收購其競爭對手。該公司花了整整一年時間來收購其競爭對手。This equipment will reduce the error probability by a factor of 5這種設(shè)備使誤差概率降低到原來的這種設(shè)備使誤差概率降低到原來的1/5。 The weight of the bicycle has decreased 3 times.這種自行車的重量減少了這種自行車的重量減少了2/32/3。The speed exceeded the average speed by a factor of 2.5.該速度超過平均速度該速度超過平均速度1