高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之動(dòng)詞

1、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（Notional Verb）、張蓓學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)2015高考學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃 系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb）、 助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verb）。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1） 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類(lèi)，分別是 及物動(dòng)詞（Transitive Verb）、vt./不及物動(dòng)詞（Intransitive Verb） vi.。系動(dòng)詞 后邊須跟表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 beHe _ married to Mary for ten years.He _married to Mary in 1999. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 主

2、要有keep, remain, stay, 例如：He always keep _at meeting.他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。3）表 似乎 好像系動(dòng)詞seem, appear, He looks_+他看起來(lái)很累。4）感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有_ _ _ _ _ This kind of cloth feels very _.5）變化系動(dòng)詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.He turned_.成功人士6）終止系動(dòng)詞有prove, trun out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，"變成"之意， The search

3、proved _搜查證實(shí)很難。His plan turned out _他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。助動(dòng)詞輔助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)及句式，不可單獨(dú)使用， 1）常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would2） 可以用來(lái)：a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。 He _ for London.他已去了倫敦。(Leave) I _English for ten years.(study) English _ in China for many years.(teach)b. 表示語(yǔ)態(tài)， He was sent to Engl

4、and.他被派往英國(guó)。c. 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句， Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句， I don't like him.我不喜歡他。e. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣， Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.他的確知道那件事。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, ought to, need, dare 一、Can/could1. 表示能力My sister can drive. 我妹妹

5、會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)。Everyone here can speak English. 這兒人人會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)與Be able to 的區(qū)別2表示推測(cè) (1) can用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，多不用于肯定句，could則可用于任何句式 It cant be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can they be doing? 他們會(huì)在干什么呢? (2) 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)， Cant have done_ Could have done _ 1）可能 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了。 2）本能做而未做You could have helped him. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該來(lái)幫助他的。 (3

6、) 有時(shí)會(huì)二、may與might的用法1. 表示允許 (1) 表示請(qǐng)求允許)：May Might I sit here? 我可以坐在這里嗎?2. 表示推測(cè) 表示的可能性更小。（I am not sure）現(xiàn)在may do /be過(guò)去：might have done 1_2_He may might tell his wife. 他也許會(huì)告訴他妻子。You might have made greater progress. 你的進(jìn)步本來(lái)可更大一3. 用于 may might (just) as well.Im ready，so I might as well go now我已準(zhǔn)備好，因此不妨現(xiàn)在

7、就走。This holiday isnt much fun; we might as well be back home4. may 用于表示祝愿May sb do /Wish sb sthMay you be happy! 祝你幸福! May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!祝你成功三、must 的用法 1. 表示“必須”、“一定要”與have to 2. 表示推測(cè)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行四、shall1. shall在疑問(wèn)句中的用法用于一三人稱(chēng)在疑問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，Shall I come in?/ May I come in?2. shall在陳述句中的用法在二三人稱(chēng)的陳述

8、句表示說(shuō)話(huà)的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等， You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (表允諾)3. 在規(guī)章制度，法律條令中表必須Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work 表規(guī)定五、should1應(yīng)該 ought to/Should have done _竟然 Im sorry that this should have happened.六、will與would的用法1. 表示意愿wi

9、ll 表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，would表示過(guò)去的意愿： I will pay you at the rate you ask. 我愿意照你要求的價(jià)錢(qián)付款。Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。He wouldnt help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿幫助我。Would like _Would like to have doneWould rather _Would rather have done_3. 表示習(xí)慣和傾向性will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣：Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水上。This window wont

10、open. 這扇窗戶(hù)經(jīng)常打不開(kāi)3,would 過(guò)去常常七、need的用法1. 基本用法特點(diǎn)need可用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“有必要”或“需要”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句neednt have done_You neednt have come in person. 你當(dāng)時(shí)不必親自來(lái)的2 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 Need doing =need to be doneOur classroom needs _/_十二、高考重要考點(diǎn)精練3. Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other. A.

11、must copyB. must have copiedC. could copyD. should have copied4. We _ a worse day for the picnic it rained nonstop. A. couldnt pickB. couldnt have picked C. might pickD. might not have picked6. That car nearly hit me; I _. A. might be killedB. might have been killed C. may be killedD. may been kille

12、d7. You _ him the news; he knew it already. A. neednt tellB. neednt have toldC. mightnt tell mightnt have told8. You _ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. A. needntB. mightntC. mustntD. wont 9. Are you still here? You _ home hour ago. A.should goB. should have goneC. might goD.may have go

13、ne10. As shes not here, I suppose she _ home. A. must goB. must have goneC. might goD. might be going11. “I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.” A. should askB. should have askedC. must askD. must have asked12. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _ once, but I

14、 dont now.”A. may have thoughtB. can have thoughtC. may thinkD. might think 13. The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _ against the flood.A. fightB. to fightC. fightingD. fought 15. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.”A

15、. must beB. must have been C. might beD. can have been  參考答案：15 BCBBB 610 BBCBB 1115 BABBB 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式:不定式，動(dòng)名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)。1）不定式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式來(lái)源To have doneto have been doneTo be doing /To have been doing1. 用法 在句中可做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。一、不定式做主語(yǔ)：1不定式做主語(yǔ)一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作

16、。動(dòng)名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。To see is to believe.it做形式主語(yǔ)，不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：(1)It is/was +adj.+of/for sb. to do(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do.It is a pity / a pleasure / / an honor / a shame to do二、不定式做表語(yǔ)Be to do/Seem to do /Prove/turn out (to be)三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)口訣（接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞）想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算（ want learn plan）快準(zhǔn)備  有希望（

17、prepare hope wish expect）同意否  供選擇（agree offer choose）決定了  已答應(yīng)（decide be determined promise）盡力去   著手做（manage undertake）別拒絕   別假裝（refuse pretend）失敗不是屬于你（fail）e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)但意義不同的有stop / go on / remember / forget / regret / try /

18、 mean / can't help / be used to四、動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)1、 way time ability chance opportunity+ to do 序數(shù)詞+todo2、I am looking for a new house to live in .五、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v.+sb to do sth v+sb do sth六、不定式做狀語(yǔ)表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、1、表目的 To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best    2、表結(jié)果 so

19、as to such () as to adj./adv. + enough to too to only to find , only to be told 出乎意料之外的結(jié)果 3、 原因不定式可以用于動(dòng)詞、形容詞或-ed分詞后表示原因。Adj:為表人的情緒狀態(tài)的形容詞happy sad delighted 七、不定式的省略（6）八、不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)（4）2）動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。時(shí)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done一、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、

20、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)1、 作主語(yǔ)1） 直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。2）用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收2、作賓語(yǔ)（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)*某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，有：advise, suggest, allow, permit forbid avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannt help, imagine, keep, mind, miss,

21、 practise, resist, delay postpone，admit deny, appreciate escape, cant stand/bear/tolerate, put off, give up等 She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. （2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 介詞后加名詞或動(dòng)名詞 Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 3、作表語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the w

22、indows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)4、作定語(yǔ) 表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a washing machine=a machine for washing二、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？分詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞，在句中做表，定，賓補(bǔ)，狀1一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2。過(guò)去分詞

23、done 被動(dòng)1 The story is interesting . Im interested in it .3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president . 4. Given more time , Ill do it well . 5 When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank . 單項(xiàng)選擇1.Most of the pe

24、ople _to the party were famous scientists A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 2. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told 3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path . A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest 4. The next morning she found the man _in bed , dead . A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 6 . The Olympic Games , _ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 . A.first playing B.to be first played C. first playe