情態(tài)動詞教學(xué)課件

1、modal verbmodal verb陳澤瓊陳澤瓊情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨立使用，它和后面的數(shù)的變化，不能獨立使用，它和后面的動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞構(gòu)成謂語情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞肯定肯定否定否定Can 會；能會；能=be able toCantCould可以（委婉）可以（委婉）CouldtMay可以可以May notMight可以可以Might notMust必須必須Mustnt不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)Need to需要需要Neednt to 不必不必Dare to 敢敢Dare not toOught to應(yīng)該應(yīng)該Ought not to不應(yīng)

2、該不應(yīng)該Will將要將要Will not /wontWould將要；總是將要；總是=be used toWouldntShall將要將要Shall notShould 將要；應(yīng)該將要；應(yīng)該Shouldnt不應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該 肯定肯定 否定否定 疑問疑問語氣肯定語氣肯定 Must 肯定肯定 cant 不可能不可能 can可能可能語氣不肯定語氣不肯定 May/ Might可能可能 may not/ might not不可能不可能 只作情態(tài)動詞的只作情態(tài)動詞的can/could, may/might, ought to， must可情態(tài)可實義的可情態(tài)可實義的need, dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動詞的

3、可情態(tài)可助動詞的shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞的相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞的have to, used to情態(tài)動詞基本用法：情態(tài)動詞基本用法：Must , can/could, may/might 的用法的用法1.must1.Must 表示推測時，表示推測時， 只能用于只能用于肯定句?？隙ň洹＿@個電腦肯定出了問題。這個電腦肯定出了問題。There must be something wrong with the computer.你努力學(xué)了一整天，你努力學(xué)了一整天， 一定累了吧一定累了吧You have worked hard all day. You must be t

4、ired.2.Must +be doing/do 表示對表示對現(xiàn)在的動作現(xiàn)在的動作進行肯定推測進行肯定推測 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說He must be reading novels now.他們買了一輛新車。他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢他們一定很有錢They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.3.Must +have done 表示對表示對過去發(fā)生的事情過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定作出的肯定判斷判斷他們在玩籃球，他們在玩籃球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。他們一定完成了作業(yè)。They are playing bas

5、ketball, they must have finished their homework.路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night. Must考表禁止；偏偏，非得，必須表示一種不耐煩的情緒 21 15can/could 1. can /could 表示推測時，只能用在表示推測時，只能用在否定句或疑否定句或疑問句中問句中。Its so late. Can Tom be reading?這么晚了，湯姆還在看書嗎？這么晚了，湯姆還在看書嗎？這個人不可能是瑪麗，這個人不可能是瑪麗，

6、她生病了。她生病了。It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.她不可能在說謊。她不可能在說謊。She couldnt be telling lies.2. can/could have done 對對過去發(fā)生過去發(fā)生行為的可能性進行行為的可能性進行推測推測:剛才我還看見他了，剛才我還看見他了， 所以他不可能出國的。所以他不可能出國的。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.門是鎖著的，門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。The door was locked. She couldnt ha

7、ve been at home.3. can/could have done “本可以，本來可能已經(jīng)本可以，本來可能已經(jīng)”用用于于肯定句肯定句中，表示對中，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情過去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷，做出的判斷， 你本來可以考的更好。你本來可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.may/might1.May/might表示推測時，只能用于陳述句，表示對現(xiàn)表示推測時，只能用于陳述句，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動作把握不大。在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動作把握不大。她們明天可能會到這里來。她們明天可能會到這里來。They may come here tomorrow.

8、Can 考表推測用在否定句，疑問句，不用于肯定句中。 19 17他們可能還在等我們呢。他們可能還在等我們呢。They may be still waiting for us.2.might 可用于可用于指過去的行為或者表示可能性更小指過去的行為或者表示可能性更小。他也許在作功課吧。他也許在作功課吧。He might be doing his homework now.我問他我是否可以離開。我問他我是否可以離開。I asked him if I might leave.I asked him “May I leave now?”3.might/may have done,表示對表示對過去發(fā)生的動

9、作過去發(fā)生的動作進行進行可能性推測，可能性推測， 他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He may have gone to the clinic.他可能已經(jīng)從報紙上知道這個消息了。他可能已經(jīng)從報紙上知道這個消息了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper. Might表可能 10Will /Would you do? 表請求表請求表意志，愿望，決心表意志，愿望，決心would表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生得動作或某種傾向表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生得動作或某種傾向 “總是總是,總要總要”used to表過去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒有這種習(xí)慣）表過去常常（現(xiàn)在已沒有這種習(xí)慣

10、） “過去常常過去常?！眜sed to 可于狀態(tài)動詞連用可于狀態(tài)動詞連用would不可以不可以eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ()He would be a quiet boy. ( ) will/would Days later, my brother called to say he was all right ,but( B )say where he was. A.mustnt B.shouldt C.wouldt D.mightnt ought to ought to 用于表示用于表示想必會想必會(語氣較語氣較must 弱弱)：他們想必已到那兒了。他們想

11、必已到那兒了。 They ought to be there by now.2.他最好不要抽煙了。他最好不要抽煙了。 He ought to stop smoking. 多數(shù)情況下，多數(shù)情況下，ought to可與可與should互換使用?；Q使用。Ought to的反意疑問句用的反意疑問句用shouldnt替代。替代。eg. You ought to have helped him with his English, _ you ?A. wont you B. ought not youC. shouldnt youD. wouldnt youshall用于第一，三人稱疑問句，用于第一，三人

12、稱疑問句，征求意見或請求征求意見或請求 shall 第二，三人稱第二，三人稱 陳述句陳述句,命令命令,警告警告,允諾允諾,威脅威脅 should 表勸告，建議，命令，順理成章的表勸告，建議，命令，順理成章的ought to 疑問句中常用疑問句中常用should代替代替ought toought to 表應(yīng)該，語氣表應(yīng)該，語氣should 美語中，美語中，ought to用于否，疑句時用于否，疑句時to 可省可省shall , should &ought to Shall表允諾；命令，威脅。 18 55Need I do ? Yes, you must. No, you neednt.

13、dare & need情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞實義動詞實義動詞dare否，疑，條否，疑，條 dare not do否否,疑疑dont dare to do dont dare do不用于肯定句不用于肯定句肯：肯：dare to do need否，疑否，疑 neednt do (dont) need sth (dont) need to do肯：肯：must, have to, ought to, should -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have to -Shal

14、l I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)have to have to 表示表示客觀需要客觀需要去做的事情，意為去做的事情，意為“必須，不得不。必須，不得不?！?I have to get the station early to catch the first train. We missed the bus so we had to walk home. We have to overcome all kinds

15、 of difficulties. Have to 有多種時態(tài)。常見的有：有多種時態(tài)。常見的有：一般將來時一般將來時， We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 I have to take more money with me because my gf has so much to buy. 一般過去時一般過去時 Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afterno

16、on.have to （考點）（考點）Must they do? Yes, they must. No, they neednt/dont have to.must & have tomust have to主觀客觀主觀客觀 主觀主觀 客觀客觀時態(tài)時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在，將來現(xiàn)在，將來 多種多種表推測表推測詢問意愿詢問意愿否定意否定意禁止，不允許禁止，不允許 不必不必表示推測表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.肯定的推測肯定的推測可能的推測可能的推測否定的推測否定的推測疑問的推測疑問的推測must 對將來對將來 對現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在 對過去對過去情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞may, might cant,

17、couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。這時，我們老

18、師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。你媽媽一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by

19、 bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐 公共汽車來上班的。公共汽車來上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found 對過去的虛擬對過去的虛擬 should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做，卻沒做 shouldnt/ ought not to have done本不應(yīng)該做,但做了 could have done 本能夠做，卻

20、沒做 neednt have done 本不必做，但做了 eg: 1. I _ have watched that movie it will give me horrible dreams. (2010年山東考題）年山東考題） A shouldnt B neednt C couldnt D. mustnt 2. Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （2010年天津題）年天津題） A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt AA高考

21、鏈接高考鏈接1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考題）高考題） A. must B. can C. need D. may2.It has been announced that candidates(候選人候選人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考題）上海高考題） A. can B.will C. may D. shall3.-I heard

22、 they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002北京高考題）北京高考題） -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it.

23、 A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D C:1. -Did the train arrive in time?-No. It _ two hours ago.A. must have arrived B.