王治奎 英漢互譯練習(xí) 中英對照 重點標(biāo)識(共27篇)

1、1.作弊在美國大學(xué)里被認(rèn)為是一大問題，如何對付它已成為教師會議上的熱點話題。有些教授說他們已不再要求學(xué)生寫學(xué)期論文，因為許多學(xué)生購買事先寫好的文章。同時還有些學(xué)校的教師已經(jīng)決定對日益泛濫的作弊風(fēng)采取不只是口頭上的行動。不少教育者感到當(dāng)學(xué)生對自己及他們的能力的信心增強時，他們就不太會去作弊。大多數(shù)學(xué)生拍手歡迎教師們狠剎作弊風(fēng)的策略，有篇校報社論說，如同警察抓超速行駛者一樣，打擊作弊并非是為了抓住誰，而只是為了抓一儆百。Cheating is considered as such a big problem in American universities that how to deal wit

2、h it has become a hot topic. Some professors havent asked their students for term papers any more, owing to the fact that many students purchase some articles written in advance. And teachers in some educational institutions have decided to take non-verbal actions to put down the atmosphere of incre

3、asingly overabundant cheating. Not a few educationalists have the idea that the strengthened confidence in themselves and their capabilities will make it impossible for students to cheat. A vast majority of students applaud for the drastic steps taken by the faculty to stop the atmosphere of cheatin

4、g. Just as a police catches a speeder, says an editorial in a campus newspaper, to crack down on cheating is not to catch a specific person, but to spread the word.2.有人會說，蘇格拉底，你的生活道路可能讓你過早地結(jié)束你的生命，難道你不為此感到遺憾（be ashamed of）？對他我可能會回答，你錯了，一個有價值的人不該計較（calculate）自己生存或死亡的機會，他只應(yīng)考慮自己在做任何事情時是否做得對。假如你們說，只要我不再鉆

5、研，思考（speculate）我的思想，你們就會放我，那么我回答，雅典人，我尊重你們，熱愛你們，但我將聽命于上帝而不是你：只要我有生命，有力量，我將永不停止我的哲學(xué)的研究和教學(xué)，你們的金錢，榮譽堆積如山（heap up），而你們對智慧、真理，靈魂的升華（improvement）卻如此冷漠。難道你們不為此感到遺憾嗎？Someone will say, Socrates, aren't you ashamed of the fact that your path of life may make you come to an untimely end? To him, I may repl

6、y, you are wrong, a worthy person should not calculate his or her opportunity to survive or die, but consider whether or not he or she is right in doing everything. If you say, you will set me free as long as I don't study intensively and speculate on my ideas any more, I will respond, Athenians

7、, I respect you, and love you, but I will follow orders of God but not you: I will never stop my research and teaching in philosophy as long as I am still alive and have physical strength. Although your money and honor are heaped up, you are so indifferent to the wisdom, the truth and the improvemen

8、t of the spirit. Aren't you ashamed of this?3.美國大學(xué)生活中一個不同尋常的特點是它的競爭性。同一層次的院校為師資、研究資金、學(xué)生、公眾注意及其他許多方面而相互競爭。例如哈佛與斯坦福，為招收學(xué)生而積極爭奪，令東京（Tokyo）大學(xué)、京都（Kyoto）大學(xué)之類的院校都感到不可思議。因為在那里入學(xué)考試決定一切。一個大學(xué)用高薪或更優(yōu)越的工作條件雇請另一所大學(xué)的教授，在這方面美國也是獨樹一幟的。在日本，大學(xué)幾乎清一色地（exclusively）雇用自己的畢業(yè)生。世界其他地區(qū)雖不及日本那么單一，但也基本如此。“同系繁殖”（inbreeding）觸目皆是

9、，和美國名牌大學(xué)中多數(shù)系科形成了鮮明的對照。An unusual feature of college life in America is its competitiveness. Colleges of the same level compete with each other for faculties, research funds, students, public attention and many other aspects. For example, Harvard and Stanford vigorously contend for enrolling new stud

10、ents, which is unbelievable to such colleges as Tokyo University and Kyoto University. It's just because entrance examination will decide everything there. One university can employ professors who used to work for another university by providing them with higher salaries or better working condit

11、ions, which is unique in America. In Japan, almost all universities exclusively employ their own graduates. The same is basically true of colleges in other parts of the world, although they are not so uniform as those in Japan. Inbreeding can be found everywhere, in striking contrast with most of th

12、e departments or branches of American well-known universities.4.二十世紀(jì)九十年代是個十分關(guān)鍵的年代。這十年中我們的取向（choices）將決定人口在下個世紀(jì)中主要的增長速度；決定世界人口在最終停止增長前究竟增加兩倍還是一倍；決定人類對環(huán)境的破壞速度是加快還是減慢。目前已達53億的世界人口還在以每秒3人的速度增長，這個速度相當(dāng)于在九十年代期間每年增加整個東歐或中美洲的人口，十年之后世界人口將增加整整十個億又一個中國的人口。必須強調(diào)的是，這些展望（projections）還不是悲觀的，相反，它們把下一個一百年中持續(xù)下降的生育率（fer

13、tility rate）已考慮在內(nèi)。The 1990s is a very crucial era. Our choices in this decade will decide what the main growth rate of population for the next century will be: whether the world population will double or triple before it stops growing; and whether the speed of destruction to the environment will be

14、accelerated or decelerated. Up to now the world population has amounted to 5.3 billion and continued to increase at the rate of three persons per second. This rate means that, in the 1990s, the population worldwide will increase to the entire population of Eastern Europe or Middle America every year

15、 and to 1 billion 10 years laterthe population of China. It must be emphasized that these projections are not pessimistic yet, and on the contrary, they have taken into account the continually decreasing fertility rate.5.在現(xiàn)實生活中，每個科學(xué)領(lǐng)域都是不完整的，而且大多數(shù)不管他們在過去的兩百年里完成了些什么都處于最早期的階段，例如生命科學(xué)，即使是最精通，最專業(yè)的人才也必須能每隔

16、幾年就轉(zhuǎn)換研究路子（capable of changing course of research）有些生物領(lǐng)域的思路轉(zhuǎn)換（the mind-changing）正在加速發(fā)生。下一周的期刊可能把整個一門科學(xué)翻過來，去除（shaking out）一些永恒不變的（immutable）觀念，補充一些新的理論。這在物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、材料研究、遺傳學(xué)、免疫學(xué)中幾乎是每天發(fā)生的事。正是大自然的這奇妙使科學(xué)引人入勝（engrossing），使聰明的人們鍥而不舍（keep at it），而這正應(yīng)是科學(xué)教育中心所在。In real life, every scientific field is incomplete a

17、nd a majorityno matter what they have completed over the past two centuriesis still in their earliest phase. Let's take the example of life science: even the most proficient and professional talents must be capable of changing course of research every several years and the mind-changing in some

18、biological fields is accelerating. The periodical of next week may overthrow an overall discipline of science, shaking out some immutable concepts and adding some new theories. This occurs in physics, chemistry, material research, genetics, and immunology almost every day. It is this magic of nature

19、 that makes science engrossing and makes smart people keep at it. And this should be the focus of science education.6.據(jù)估計世界上大約有7億人，即世界成年人口的一半不識字，也許還有2億5千萬人達到的水平幾乎算不上有文化。近來掃盲的力度有所加強，聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）的專家們制定了一個世界計劃，強調(diào)目標(biāo)就是實用性文化。人們普遍認(rèn)為推廣、改進初級教育是掃盲的唯一最好武器，但由于應(yīng)用不夠造成復(fù)盲的威脅始終存在。It is estimated that the world h

20、as the illiterate population of about 0.7 billion, that is, one half of the adults worldwide can't read. Perhaps there are 250 million who can't be considered literate. Recently eliminating illiteracy has been strengthened. Experts from UNESCO make a world plan, which stresses its purpose of

21、 practical culture. It is generally considered that to popularize and improve the primary education is the only and best weapon to wipe out illiteracy, but the threat of re-illiteracy still exists for lack of enough application.7.所有把人們行為納入（guidealong）共同軌道（shared paths）的規(guī)范、信仰、價值觀、知識和技能都屬于文化的一部分。文化可以分

22、成諸如人類藝術(shù)和技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的物質(zhì)方面，以及人類規(guī)范、信仰、價值觀以及交流方式等非物質(zhì)的方面。全世界的人有不同的文化，因此他們行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)常常也不同。我們往往會以為某些行為在全世界的含義大致相同，并且指望別人會像我們一樣做。很明顯事情并非如此，當(dāng)我們處在不同的文化氛圍之中時，我們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己面對的情況是始料未及的。All rules, beliefs, values, knowledge and skills belong to a part of culture only if they guide people along shared paths. Cultures can be classi

23、fied into material aspects, such as human arts and technical products, and non-material aspects, such as human rules, beliefs, values and communication styles. People of all nations have different cultures so that their behavior standards are usually different. We tend to think that some behaviors h

24、ave the similar meaning all over the world and expect others to do the same as us. Obviously, such is not the case. When we live in different cultural ambience, we might find what we will face is not what we have expected.8.掌握大量的詞對于達到一門外語的流利程度是至關(guān)重要的。一個非官方的但卻是經(jīng)常被引用的有關(guān)劍橋初級證書英語考試的數(shù)字表明，詞匯量少于三千五百詞的學(xué)生不大可能

25、在這項考試中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母語為英語的受教育至18歲或18歲以上的人至少人是一萬六千個英語詞。除非你已經(jīng)會講一種像西班牙語或德語這樣的語言，要獲得大的英語詞匯量是沒有捷徑可走的：你就得依靠勤奮和專注。當(dāng)然，你可以從上下文猜出你閱讀中遇到的一些生詞的意思，但往往你得查字典才能搞請他們的確切意思。一個切實可行的學(xué)習(xí)新詞的方法或許就是大量閱讀，最好是閱讀那些你覺得有趣或刺激的故事。反復(fù)閱讀同一本書常常是很有好處的：你每讀一次都會學(xué)到不同的生詞，而熟悉的背景又有助于將這些新詞牢牢地印在你的腦海中。Mastering a large number of words is essential

26、to achieving fluency in a foreign. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current researches also suggests that native English speakers who ha

27、ve been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no short-cuts to large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context t

28、he meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or excit

29、ing. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.9.科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面的雜亂無序中尋求規(guī)律的人，他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無限的耐心進行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)，的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的

30、第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠實而著稱。他們非常重視誠實，主要是因為誠實對他們的事業(yè)至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個理論都要受到進一步的檢驗。每一個錯誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣，他們積累了極其大量的知識，這些知識幫助我們更好地了解自己及周圍的世界。Scientists are a small group of people who strive to gain insights into nature, seeking order in seeming disorderliness. They are credited

31、with a special ability to think and analyze, and with infinite patience in making observations and collecting data. But ability and patience do not account for all scientific discoveries, which often have much to do with creative imagination. Indeed a leap of imagination is often the first step towa

32、rds discovery. Scientists are also noted for their honesty. They place a high premium on honesty largely because it is essential to their career. Every theory they formulate is subjected to further testing. Every mistake or lie is bound to be found out. Therefore if any evidence is found contradicti

33、ng their ideas, scientists do not suppress the evidence but modify or even abandon their ideas. In this way they have built up an immense body of knowledge, which helps us to understand better ourselves and the world around us.10.相遇在清晨每天清晨七點四十左右，我總會與她在路上相遇。時間一久，我?guī)缀跄芤耘c她相遇的時刻來估計離上班還剩多少時候了。她是一個十分秀麗的姑娘，

34、細(xì)挑的個兒，文靜的舉止?？偠灾?，是我理想中的戀人形象。然而自尊和理智告訴我，這是一個可望不可及的姑娘，如果我敢貿(mào)然在街上與她搭訕的話。一年四季，除去星期天，我與她幾乎天天相遇，有時候我們彼此會注意地向?qū)Ψ酵弦谎?，然后探肩而過。有一天，她在與我探肩而過時，不小心把手中的一本書掉落在地，我立刻停步彎腰替她拾起了書?！爸x謝?！币宦曘y鈴般的少女羞澀的話音，沁入我的耳畔。“不謝?！蔽乙差H有禮貌地答道。這天是我多少年來最興奮的一天。然而這畢竟是她第一次與我開口講話，在當(dāng)天的日記里，我把她想象成一個頗具修養(yǎng)的文學(xué)青年，因為我拾起她掉的那書時，看了書名，是托爾斯泰的名著戰(zhàn)爭與和平。第二天清晨，我與她仍然在

35、老地方相遇，她朝我羞澀地一笑，我故作矜持地微笑以待。然而心中的高興勁兒甭提了。在當(dāng)天的日記里，我對她的笑容用了近十個比喻。我等待已久的那個神圣時刻終于要來臨了。那是秋季的一個雨蒙蒙的清晨，那天本是我的廠休，但我依然在老地方等候她。她走近才發(fā)現(xiàn)我，神色詫異了好一陣，我匆匆把一本巴爾扎克的名著遞給她：“不知你看過這本書嗎？”我感到自己的心房急如鼓。她神色羞怯地接過書，還是那聲熟悉的“謝謝”。五年后，她終于成了我的妻子。新婚那夜，我把那本厚厚的日記遞給她，那是我和她相遇直至熱戀結(jié)婚漫長時光里的每天日記。她看著日記，漸漸淚水如涌Morning Encounter: Every morning at a

36、bout seven-forty, I would meet her on my way to the work. With the passage of time, I can even tell how much time left before work according the exact time I meet her. She is the ideal sweetheart with her beautiful image, slender figure, and graceful movements. But I know that she is only a girl to

37、be admired for me and I have no courage to talk with her for a long time. We can encounter nearly every day except for Sunday, and occasionally look at each other for a while when going pass. One day, I bund down and picked up the book dropped from her hand when she was passing me. “Thank you!” she

38、said with a sweet-sounding voice. “Not at all,” I replied politely. I had never felt so excited for a long time. I considered the day as the best day, because she had spoken to me for the first time. I imagined her as a girl cultivated in literature in my diary, because the book she had dropped was

39、Tolstoys “War and Peace”. The next morning, I felt so excited when she smiled to me shyly, though I tried my best to hide my agitation when I smiled back. In my diary, I used about ten metaphors to describe her smile. Then the long awaited sacred moment finally came. In a drizzling autumn morning, I

40、 waited her in the place where we encountered every day, though I didnt have to go work. She didnt recognize me until she came close to me and looked at me with a surprise face. I felt my nervous heart struck when I passed her a Balzacs book and say “have you read this book?” She took the book shyly

41、 and said “Thanks” with the same voice. Five years later, she became my wife. In the night we married, her tears ran down when she read my thick diary which recorded the course we fell in love.11.近讀報紙，對國內(nèi)名片和請柬的議論頗多，于是想起客居巴黎時經(jīng)常見到的法國人手中 的名片和請柬，隨筆記下來，似乎不無借鑒之處。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會、冷餐會是廣交朋友的好機會。在這種場合陌生人相識，如果 是亞洲

42、人，他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方，這好像是不可 缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般卻都不大主動遞送名片，雙方見面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地 聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機，希望繼續(xù)交往時，才會主動掏出名片。二話不 說先遞名片反倒有些勉強。 法國人的名片講究樸素大方，印制精美，但很少有鑲金邊兒的，閃光多色的或帶香味兒 的，名片上的字體纖細(xì)秀麗，本人的名字也不過分突出，整張紙片上空白很大，毫無擁擠不 堪的感覺。 In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have becom

43、e more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide s

44、ome useful information for us to learn from. In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people. When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card

45、to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger. Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual (formality/etiquette). By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to (offers to / volunteers to) pre

46、sent his name card. Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless (random/ casual) chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed (engaged / involved) in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would

47、they offer to give their name cards. It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place. The French tend to take extraordinary precaution to make their name cards simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their

48、 name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters as appear on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer to be overly prominent/salient. The entire card contains much empty space, imparting no s

49、ense of over-crowdedness.12.在離選舉日還有四個月的時間，有五個人聚集在里根布什總部的一個小型會議室里， 翻著看一張碩大無比的日歷，日歷上清晰地標(biāo)識出了1984年總統(tǒng)競選剩下的日子。這是六月份的最后一個星期六的上午10時，整幢辦公樓的其他部分幾近人去樓空。即便如此，這幾個人仍將大門緊閉，小心翼翼地拉下窗簾。三個主要人物及其二個副手從美國的不同地方匯聚在一起，召開一個殊為重要的會議。他們的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)思出一種策略，來確保里根能再次當(dāng)選，在第二任期內(nèi)再度入主白宮。 要謀求再次當(dāng)選理應(yīng)輕而易舉。這是一些久經(jīng)沙場的退伍老兵，與里根有著千絲萬縷的 漫長聯(lián)系，與共和黨的聯(lián)系甚至更為久

50、遠(yuǎn)。這些人深諳總統(tǒng)政治，一如他們熟知這個國家中 的所有政治事務(wù)那樣。競選的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美國正置身 于太平盛世之中；作為選舉的一個關(guān)鍵因素，整個國家的經(jīng)濟在步出蕭條期之后正強勁反 彈。此外，競選本身所籌得的款項更是不計其數(shù)。用于支付一流水平的競爭班子工作人員工 資、進行巡回造勢、以及制作播放電視廣告的錢款綽綽有余。最為重要的是，他們所推介的 總統(tǒng)候選人是羅納爾德里根（Ronald Reagan），一位風(fēng)度翩翩，魅力無窮，又極具迷人溝通技巧的執(zhí)政總統(tǒng)。與約翰F肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy）以來的任何一位歷屆總統(tǒng)相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅廣闊的關(guān)于美國未

51、來的前景-美國將成了一個重振軍事雄 風(fēng)、民眾富于個人進取心、聯(lián)邦政府更加精簡高效的國家。Four months before the election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at te

52、n o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarant

53、ee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of

54、 the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel,

55、and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John. F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America -a nation of renewed milita

56、ry strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.13.在獸類中我最愛虎，在虎的故事中我最愛下面的一個。深山中有一所古廟，幾個和尚在那里過著單調(diào)的修行生活。同他們做朋友的，除了有時上山來的少數(shù)鄉(xiāng)下人外，就是幾只猛虎?；⒉惑@擾僧人，卻替他們守護廟宇。作為報酬，和尚把一些可吃的東西放在廟門前。每天傍晚，夕陽染紅小半個天空，虎們成群地走到廟門口，吃了東西，跳躍而去。廟門大開，僧人們安然在廟內(nèi)做他們的日課，也沒有誰出去看虎怎樣吃東西，即使偶爾有一二和尚立在門前，虎們亦視為平常的事情，把他們看做熟人，不去驚動，卻斯斯文文

57、地吃完走開。如果看不見僧人，虎就發(fā)出幾聲長嘯，隨著幾陣風(fēng)飛騰而去。Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the ti

58、gers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. Normally none of them came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes

59、, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. Sometimes, when they found，monks at the gate, they would whisk away like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.14.第二年正式簽署和約，隨后過了一個月慈禧才終于從西安動身。她對外國人萬分懼怕，正像她對國人無比傲慢一樣。她在河南停留了很長一段時間，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。據(jù)野史記載，在這漫長的旅途中還發(fā)生了一件趣事。一位地方官員送給慈禧一只猴子，她頗為高興，竟下旨給那只猴子穿黃馬褂。后來太監(jiān)報告說，有的官員發(fā)出了