術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯的特征

1、Characteristics of Termsn確切性 accuracy (概念的本質(zhì)特征)n單一性 monosemy（一詞一譯）n系統(tǒng)性 systematization（術(shù)語(yǔ)在系統(tǒng)的層次結(jié)構(gòu)中）n語(yǔ)言正確性 linguistically correct（構(gòu)詞規(guī)則）n簡(jiǎn)潔性 conciseness（簡(jiǎn)明易記）n理?yè)?jù)性 motivation（做到顧名思義）n穩(wěn)定性 stability（盡量不改動(dòng)）n能產(chǎn)性 productivity（舊術(shù)語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生新術(shù)語(yǔ)）Accuracy 確切性 漢語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)“碼頭”對(duì)應(yīng)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)有 wharf, quay, dock, terminal, portPCT plans t

2、o open a new container terminal on the Ports East Wharf. A passenger terminal consists of the terminal building and the quay. 港區(qū)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。 鐵路通向各個(gè)港區(qū)。 輪船緩緩駛?cè)敫蹍^(qū)。 Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsAccuracy 確切性 漢語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)“碼頭”對(duì)應(yīng)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)有 wharf, quay, dock, terminal, portPCT plans to open a new container te

3、rminal on the Ports East Wharf.PCT計(jì)劃在該港區(qū)的東港區(qū)設(shè)置一個(gè)新的集裝箱碼頭。A passenger terminal consists of the terminal building and the quay.客運(yùn)碼頭由候船大樓和前沿碼頭組成。港區(qū)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。Smoking is forbidden on the premises of the port.鐵路通向各個(gè)港區(qū)。The railway line connects all the terminals of the port.輪船緩緩駛?cè)敫蹍^(qū)。The ship streams slowly into

4、 the harbour.Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsAccuracy 確切性“獨(dú)立學(xué)院獨(dú)立學(xué)院”Independent CollegeIndependent InstituteIndependent SchoolIndependent Sub-collegePrivate college in public universitySubordinate CollegeSecond-class CollegeJointly-run InstituteSeparated CollegeTerms and Terminology: C

5、haracteristics of terms US But it is in the “independent” or “private” sector of higher education where diversity of educational philosophies, programs, and traditions is greatest. Some 600 smaller colleges and universities make up this sector and include many of the United States most venerable ins

6、titutions. (Ekman 2005) Britain There are many different types of state school as well as independent schools. To help you make a choice for your child, this page provides some information on each type of school and their admission procedures. (Directgov)Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of ter

7、msMonosemy 單一性 (同一個(gè)概念只用同一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。-錢三強(qiáng)，1989)nowcasting ：“現(xiàn)時(shí)預(yù)報(bào)”、“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)預(yù)報(bào)”、“即日預(yù)報(bào)”、“短時(shí)預(yù)報(bào)”、“臨近預(yù)報(bào)” 現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一翻譯為“臨近預(yù)報(bào)”overlandflow: (地理學(xué)) “坡面水流”、“坡面漫流”、 “陸面水流”、 “地面徑流 現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一翻譯為“坡面流” credit standing：資信狀況 不能用position來(lái)代替standing 資信 不能說(shuō)成 誠(chéng)信standby credit：備用信用證 不能用spare來(lái)代替 standby 備用 不能說(shuō)成 零用 listed company：上市公司 list在英語(yǔ)中解釋“清

8、單 ”、“記人名單 ”、“列于表上” 金融術(shù)語(yǔ)：“上市的” probability ： 在數(shù)學(xué)中定名為“概率”, 而在物理學(xué)及其他學(xué)科中, 為“幾率”或“或然率” 現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)一按其主學(xué)科數(shù)學(xué)定名為“概率” Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsMonosemy 單一性 理工學(xué)院，科技大學(xué)，工業(yè)大學(xué)，工程學(xué)院香港理工學(xué)院 香港城市理工學(xué)院 香港理工大學(xué) 澳門理工學(xué)院 北京工業(yè)大學(xué) 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 武漢工業(yè)學(xué)院 江蘇工業(yè)學(xué)院 Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsMonosemy 單一性 (同

9、一個(gè)概念只用同一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。-錢三強(qiáng)，1989)理工學(xué)院，科技大學(xué)，工業(yè)大學(xué)，工程學(xué)院香港理工學(xué)院 Hong Kong Polytechnic香港城市理工學(xué)院 City Polytechnic of Hong Kong 香港理工大學(xué) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University澳門理工學(xué)院 Macao Polytechnic Institute北京工業(yè)大學(xué) Beijing Polytechnic University 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) Northwest Polytechnic University武漢工業(yè)學(xué)院 Wuhan Polytechnic University

10、江蘇工業(yè)學(xué)院 Jiangsu Polytechnic University深圳職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Shenzhen Polytechnic河南職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Henan PolytechnicTerms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsMonosemy 單一性 (同一個(gè)概念只用同一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。-錢三強(qiáng)，1989)理工學(xué)院，科技大學(xué)，工業(yè)大學(xué)，工程學(xué)院沈陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院 Shenyang Ligong University四川理工學(xué)院 Sicuan University of Science and Engineering 南京理工大學(xué) Nanjing Un

11、iversity of Science and Technology 武漢理工大學(xué) Wuhan University of Technology西安理工大學(xué) Xian University of Technology浙江工業(yè)大學(xué) Wuhan University of Technology合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) Hefei University of TechnologyTerms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsMonosemy 單一性 (同一個(gè)概念只用同一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。-錢三強(qiáng)，1989)理工學(xué)院，科技大學(xué)，工業(yè)大學(xué)，工程學(xué)院中南工學(xué)院 Centua

12、l South Institute of Technology貴州工學(xué)院 Guizhou Institute of Technology屯門工業(yè)學(xué)院 Tuen Mun Technical Institute 沙田工業(yè)學(xué)院 Sha Tin Technical Institute 葵涌工業(yè)學(xué)院 Kwai Chung Technical Institute西安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Xian Vocational and Technical Institute Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms術(shù)語(yǔ)的對(duì)義性術(shù)語(yǔ)的對(duì)義性 antonomy對(duì)義性 ant

13、onomy詞語(yǔ)的對(duì)義性是指詞語(yǔ)的意義互相矛盾、互相對(duì)立或互相關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)所表示的概念在邏輯 上是一種矛盾或關(guān)聯(lián) 。supplydemand 供給需求shortagesurplus 短缺盈余 wage ceilingwage floor 最高工資限額最低工資限額inflationdeflation 通貨膨脹通貨緊縮 assetsliabilities 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債bear marketbull market 熊市牛市fiscal policymonetary policy 財(cái)政政策貨幣政策 capital marketmoney market 資本市場(chǎng)貨幣市場(chǎng)spot transactionforwar

14、d transaction 即期交易遠(yuǎn)期交易 preferred sharesordinary shares 優(yōu)先股普通股current accountcapital account 經(jīng)常帳戶資本帳戶Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms系統(tǒng)性系統(tǒng)性 systematization highway/expressway/freeway:高速公路 Highway公路expressway快速路freeway高速公路Transaction：deposit money，draw money，settle an accountaccept stoc

15、ks，exchange foreign currency Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 配料：面粉、薯粉、玉米淀粉、棕櫚油、調(diào)味料、白砂糖、鮮蝦粉Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 配料：面粉、薯粉、玉米淀粉、棕櫚油、調(diào)味料、白砂糖、鮮蝦粉 Ingredients: wheat flour, potato starch, corn starch, palm oil, seasonings, sugar, shrimp powder.Terms a

16、nd Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 1. N1制造制造/產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生N2 （區(qū)別同一核心詞的不同概念）區(qū)別同一核心詞的不同概念）Steel band 帶鋼Rubber band 橡皮筋I(lǐng)ron bar 鑄鐵型材 Oil film 油膜Saw dust 鋸末屑Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析

17、 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 2. N2制造制造/產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生N1 （區(qū)別同一核心詞的不同概念）區(qū)別同一核心詞的不同概念）Steel mill 軋鋼廠Paper mill 造紙廠Rubber tree 橡膠樹(shù)Tear gas 催淚瓦斯Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 3. N1驅(qū)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)N2 （限定詞是核心詞動(dòng)力來(lái)源）限定詞是核心詞動(dòng)力來(lái)源）Air drill 風(fēng)鉆B

18、attery car 電池汽車Oil control 油壓控制器Spring governor 彈簧調(diào)速器Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 4. N1含含N2 (限定詞包含核心詞)Bed post 床架Motor drive 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置Oscillator plate 振蕩片Table leg 桌子腳Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms L

19、inguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 5. N1是是N2 (限定詞是核心詞的子類)Tape measure 卷尺Blinker light 閃光燈Resistor element 電阻元件Chock therapy 電療Fighter bomber 戰(zhàn)斗轟炸機(jī)Speed ratio 速率Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞

20、9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 6. N1用用N2 (限定詞規(guī)定核心詞的用途)Block switch 閉塞開(kāi)關(guān)Office time 辦公時(shí)間Safty valve 安全閥Oil way 油路Computer language 計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 7. N1變成變成N2 (限定詞與核心詞不可分割)Snowflake 雪花Code word 電碼字Dustheap 垃圾堆Terms and

21、Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 8.Adj.+ N1 = N2 (限定詞限定核心詞沒(méi)有的屬性)Dark room 暗室Fixed point 定點(diǎn)Semi-finished product 半成品Square coil 矩形線圈Floating point 浮點(diǎn)Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Linguistically correct 語(yǔ)言的正確性 語(yǔ)

22、義分析 semantic analysis (無(wú)動(dòng)詞合成詞9種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系) 9. N2像像N1 (限定詞把核心詞與其他物體做比擬)Butterfly nut 蝶形螺母Butterfly valve 蝶形閥Catifish 鯰魚(yú)U-steel 槽鋼V-belt 三角皮帶Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性簡(jiǎn)潔性 radio detection and ranging 無(wú)線電探測(cè)與定位 radar 音譯為 雷達(dá) long range and tactical navigation system 遠(yuǎn)程戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)

23、 LORTAN 音譯定名為 羅坦系統(tǒng) Compact Dosc Read-Only Memory 只讀光盤存儲(chǔ)器 CD-ROM:只讀光盤 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 牛海綿狀腦病瘋牛病 Beginner All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 初學(xué)者通用符號(hào)BASIC語(yǔ)言 Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 Within the subsequent years, hundreds of clones from half a do

24、zen of species have been born from this remarkable assisted reproductive technique. 此后幾年中，數(shù)以百計(jì)的克隆動(dòng)物都是通過(guò)該項(xiàng)神奇的人工生殖技術(shù)人工生殖技術(shù)繁殖出來(lái)的。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 Within the subsequent years, hundreds of clones from half a dozen of species have been born from this remarkab

25、le assisted reproductive technique. 此后幾年中，數(shù)以百計(jì)的克隆動(dòng)物都是通過(guò)該項(xiàng)神奇的助育技術(shù)繁殖出來(lái)的。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Motivation 理?yè)?jù)性（顧名思義） Alzheimers disease: 阿爾茨海默病 VS 老年癡呆癥 Kaschin-Beck disease:卡欣-貝克 VS 大骨節(jié)病 Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Motivation 理?yè)?jù)性 The Red Cross has begun maj

26、or cloning project relating to the production of transgenic pigs for organ donors. 紅十字會(huì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)重大的克隆工程，該工程與培育用于器官捐獻(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因豬有關(guān)。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Motivation 理?yè)?jù)性 The Red Cross has begun major cloning project relating to the production of transgenic pigs for organ donors. 紅十字會(huì)已經(jīng)

27、開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)重大的克隆工程，該工程與培育用于器官供體器官供體的轉(zhuǎn)基因豬有關(guān)。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Stability 穩(wěn)定性（國(guó)際六大檢索系統(tǒng)要求信息技術(shù)標(biāo)引標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化） atom: 原子物質(zhì)最小的不能分割的單元， 后證明atom也可以分割，術(shù)語(yǔ)依舊。 robot ：“機(jī)器人” 不準(zhǔn)確, 其本質(zhì)不是“人”而是“機(jī)器”, 應(yīng)譯為“擬人機(jī)”或“智能機(jī)” 科技名詞還是應(yīng)該向科學(xué)性靠攏, 這是一個(gè)基本原則。 遇約定俗成,可在定名時(shí)采取變通，舊術(shù)語(yǔ)向新術(shù)語(yǔ)過(guò)渡。 menu：計(jì)算機(jī)術(shù)語(yǔ)已約定俗成為“菜單”, 但“選單”更為科學(xué)。 公布規(guī)范術(shù)

28、語(yǔ)時(shí), 確定為“選單”, “菜單” 不推薦使用 等到社會(huì)承認(rèn)“選單”后, 再?gòu)U止“菜單”的使用。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Stability 穩(wěn)定性 Lack of fusion also called incomplete fusion, is the result of failure to properly fuse the base metal with the filler metal. Although all petroleum is composed of number of hydrocarbons, th

29、ey are present in varying proportion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated.Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of terms Stability 穩(wěn)定性 Lack of fusion also called incomplete fusion, is the result of failure to properly fuse the base metal with the filler metal. 缺少熔

30、合缺少熔合也稱不完全熔合，是基礎(chǔ)金屬與填充金屬?zèng)]有適當(dāng)沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)厝酆系厝酆系慕Y(jié)果。 Although all petroleum is composed of number of hydrocarbons, they are present in varying proportion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated. 雖然石油主要由各種碳?xì)浠衔锝M成，但是這些碳?xì)浠衔镆圆煌谋壤嬖谟诟鞯V床礦床中，因此必須對(duì)個(gè)礦床礦床的特點(diǎn)做出評(píng)價(jià)。Terms and Terminology: C

31、haracteristics of terms Stability 穩(wěn)定性 Lack of fusion also called incomplete fusion, is the result of failure to properly fuse the base metal with the filler metal. 未熔合未熔合也稱不完全熔合，是基礎(chǔ)金屬與填充金屬?zèng)]有適當(dāng)?shù)貨](méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)厝酆先酆系慕Y(jié)果。 Although all petroleum is composed of number of hydrocarbons, they are present in varying pro

32、portion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated. 雖然石油主要由各種碳?xì)浠衔锝M成，但是這些碳?xì)浠衔镆圆煌谋壤嬖谟诟饔蛯佑蛯又?，因此必須?duì)個(gè)油層油層的特點(diǎn)做出評(píng)價(jià)。Terms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsTerms and Terminology: Characteristics of termsproductivity能產(chǎn)性 （舊術(shù)語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生新術(shù)語(yǔ)） gene 基因 gene map 基因圖譜 genome 基因組 genet

33、ic 基因的 genetics 基因?qū)W conveyor 傳送裝置 conveyor belt 傳送帶 sensor 傳感器 strain sensor 應(yīng)變式傳感器 virtual reality 虛擬實(shí)境 virtual instrument 虛擬儀器科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則n概念準(zhǔn)確概念準(zhǔn)確n語(yǔ)義對(duì)等語(yǔ)義對(duì)等n經(jīng)濟(jì)原則經(jīng)濟(jì)原則科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：概念準(zhǔn)確科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：概念準(zhǔn)確 Velocity changes if either the speed or the direction changes. We hereby request you to issue a Le

34、tter of Guarantee as bid bond in accordance with the column shown below. The corporate charter authorizes the corporation to issue and all sell shares of stock, or transfer the ownership, to enable the corporation to raise money. 科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：概念準(zhǔn)確科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：概念準(zhǔn)確 Velocity changes if either the speed or t

35、he direction changes. 如果（物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的）速率和方向有一個(gè)發(fā)生變化，則（物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的）運(yùn)動(dòng)速度也隨之發(fā)生變化。 We hereby request you to issue a Letter of Guarantee as bid bond in accordance with the column shown below.盡管“bond”有“票據(jù) ”、“債 券 ”之意,和bid連在一起意為投標(biāo)保單. 譯 ：我們要求按照下面所示項(xiàng)目開(kāi)一份保函作為投標(biāo)保單 。 The corporate charter authorizes the corporation to issue a

36、nd sell shares of stock, or transfer the ownership, to enable the corporation to raise money. 這里的“corporate charter”是 “公司章程 ”，而不是“營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照”。 譯 ：公司章程授權(quán)公司發(fā)行和銷售股票 ，轉(zhuǎn)讓公司所有權(quán)，以便為公司籌措資金 。科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則語(yǔ)義對(duì)等語(yǔ)義對(duì)等 semantic equivalence科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：經(jīng)濟(jì)原則科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯原則：經(jīng)濟(jì)原則Consumer Price Index: CPI 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)Gross Domestic Product: GDP 一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的全部商品和服務(wù)總價(jià)值China Central Television: CCTV 中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)World Trade Organization 世界貿(mào)易組織高考狀元 Number One Scholar in college entrance ex