（通用版）中考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)《動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)》考點(diǎn)剖析 (含答案)

1、中考英語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一 常見(jiàn)易混動(dòng)詞辨析1spend/pay/cost/take表示“花費(fèi)”spend主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth.pay主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)金錢。pay. for.spend. oncost主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，指花費(fèi)金錢或其他代價(jià)。sth. cost(s) (sb.).take多用it作形式主語(yǔ)，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend(s). (in) doing sth.Mom never spends any money on herself.媽媽從來(lái)都不在自己

2、身上花錢。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借給我12塊錢嗎？我下周還你。It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.開(kāi)始的六個(gè)月你不用花一分錢。It took them three years to build this road.他們用三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。2look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look看(動(dòng)作)；可單獨(dú)成句；look at.watch看(電視、比賽)；注視see看見(jiàn)(結(jié)果)；看望；理解(I see.)read看(書(shū)、報(bào))

3、；讀；讀懂別人的內(nèi)心look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞?？床?看醫(yī)生)用see a doctor表示。3speak/say/talk/tell表示“說(shuō)”speak發(fā)言；說(shuō)(某種語(yǔ)言)say說(shuō)(內(nèi)容)；寫(xiě)有talk談?wù)摚籺alk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell告訴；講述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官動(dòng)詞look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起來(lái)(視覺(jué))taste嘗起來(lái)(味覺(jué))sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)(聽(tīng)覺(jué))feel摸起來(lái)(觸覺(jué))smell聞起來(lái)(嗅覺(jué))5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”

4、borrow借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend借給；lend sth. to sb.keep借用若干時(shí)間；keep. for 2 days6hope/wish/expecthope希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 從句wish但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 從句expect期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget表示“忘記”時(shí)，forget通常不能與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或短語(yǔ)連用leave在

5、表示“遺忘”時(shí)，通常要與表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用8.hear/listen/soundhear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)；hear名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果)listen聽(tīng)；listen to名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的過(guò)程)sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)； sound形容詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear“穿著；戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，wear后可接穿戴的東西，包括眼鏡、首飾等put on“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的動(dòng)作，反義詞為“take off”dress“穿衣”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接人作賓語(yǔ)，意為“給某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；給自己穿衣服”be in表示狀態(tài)，后接衣服，也可接表顏色的詞10.reac

6、h/get/arrivereach“到達(dá)”，是及物動(dòng)詞(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(不能用介詞)get“到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 toarrive“到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 at (一般用于較小的地方)或 in (一般用于較大的地方)1I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him.Come on, Mary. You are good friends.Aavoid Bexpect Cenjoy2I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a

7、good one.Asaid Btold Cspoken3How much money did he you yesterday?500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.Agive Bborrow Clend4.I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you it at home?Alost Bforgot Cleft5It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the

8、 earth.Acosts Bspends Ctakes考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?？嫉膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析有三種：第一種是同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配；第二種是同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配；第三種是完全不同的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。1同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配(1)look短語(yǔ)look after照料；照顧look at看look for尋找；尋求look forward to盼望；期待look out注意；當(dāng)心；向外看look through快速查看；瀏覽look up(在詞典、參考書(shū)中或通過(guò)電腦)查閱；抬頭看look up to欽佩；仰慕(2)cut短語(yǔ)cut down砍倒cut off切除cut out刪除；刪去cut up切碎

9、(3)run短語(yǔ)run after追逐；追趕run away跑開(kāi)run out (of)用盡；耗盡(4)turn短語(yǔ)turn down調(diào)低turn up調(diào)高turn. into變成turn on接通(電流、煤氣、水等)；打開(kāi)turn off關(guān)掉turn left/right向左/右轉(zhuǎn)(5)take短語(yǔ)take after(外貌或行為)像take care of照顧；處理take down拆除；往下拽；記錄take in吸入；吞入(體內(nèi))take off脫下；起飛take place發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)take up (尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做；開(kāi)始做(6)get短語(yǔ)get dressed穿上衣服get int

10、o陷入；參與get lost迷路get off下車get on 上車get on with與相處get up起床；站起(7)use短語(yǔ)be/get used to習(xí)慣于be used to do被用來(lái)做used to曾經(jīng)；過(guò)去(8)give短語(yǔ)give away贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)give up放棄give in屈服give off 發(fā)出(光、氣味等)；長(zhǎng)出(枝、杈等)(9)call短語(yǔ)call (sb.) back(給某人)回電話call in召來(lái)；叫來(lái)call up打電話給(某人)；征召(10)come短語(yǔ)come true實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)come up with想出；提出(

11、主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)(11)bring短語(yǔ)bring back恢復(fù)；使想起；歸還bring up養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出(12)fall短語(yǔ)fall asleep進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love愛(ài)上；喜歡上fall over絆倒(13)go短語(yǔ)go along (the street) 沿著(這條街)走go off (鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲go out外出(娛樂(lè))(14)make短語(yǔ)make sure確保；查明make up編造(故事、謊言等)make a decision 做決定make fun of 取笑make use of 利用(

12、15)put短語(yǔ)put on增加(體重)；發(fā)胖put off推遲put up搭起；舉起；張貼put away收拾(整理)好put sth. to good use好好利用某物put out熄滅(16)set短語(yǔ)set out出發(fā)；啟程set up建起；建立2同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配(1)up短語(yǔ)cheer up(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái)clean up打掃(或清除)干凈dress up裝扮；喬裝打扮end up最終成為；最后處于fix up修理；裝飾grow up長(zhǎng)大；成熟hurry up趕快；急忙pick up撿起；接電話show up趕到；露面stay up熬夜wake up醒；叫醒

13、(2)out短語(yǔ)blow out吹滅check out察看；觀察clear out清理；丟掉find out查明；弄清hand out分發(fā)hang out閑逛；常去某處lay out擺開(kāi)；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略sell out賣光set out出發(fā)；啟程work out成功地發(fā)展；解決(3)down短語(yǔ)die down逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失look down瞧不起let. down使失望lie down躺下pull. down拆下；摧毀write down寫(xiě)下；記錄下(4)with短語(yǔ)agree with同意；贊成compare. with比較；對(duì)比connect. with.

14、把和連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)deal with應(yīng)付；處理share with分享part with放棄、交出(尤指不舍得的東西)3完全不同的動(dòng)詞詞組ask for請(qǐng)求；懇求(給予)care for照顧；非常喜歡believe in信任；信賴care about關(guān)心；在意clean. off把擦掉depend on依靠；信賴divide. into把分開(kāi)separate from分開(kāi)；分離hear from接到(某人的)信、電話等throw away扔掉；拋棄drop by順便訪問(wèn)；隨便進(jìn)入stick to堅(jiān)持；固守pay attention to注意；關(guān)注pass by路過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)pay for付費(fèi)；付出

15、代價(jià)prepare for.為做準(zhǔn)備pull together齊心協(xié)力；通力合作shut off關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)take sb.s place代替、替換某人的位置think of認(rèn)為1Its time for the weather report. Could I the TV, Dad?Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.Aturn on Bturn off Cturn down2In a basketball game, its very important for the players

16、to play together and the best in each other.Ahand out Bbring out Ctake out3One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延癥). What should I do? what you need to do first, and go for it today.AWatch out BWork out CWear out4Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”Thank

17、 you for reminding me of that.Alay out Bleave out Cbring out5Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.Sorry, I didnt see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香煙) at once.Aput out Bput away Cput up6Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.Atake on Bsee off Cput away7Mom, can I leave the c

18、hores till tomorrow?Im afraid not. You cant todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn down Cgive away8Were not supposed to those who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.Aturn out Blaugh at Cspread out考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去式用法例句can/could表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.(疑問(wèn)句中)表示請(qǐng)求Can I he

19、lp you?Could you give us a hand？(否定、疑問(wèn)句中)表示可能性Can the news be true?The boy cant be Jim.may/might表示可能性(可與maybe互 換)Tony may know the way.Maybe Tony knows the way.表示客氣請(qǐng)求May I come in？表示祝愿May you be happy.must表示義務(wù)、命令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.表示肯定的猜測(cè)(否定猜測(cè)用cant)Lisa must be at home.(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在狀況)

20、You must be kidding.(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生)They must have seen the movie.(推測(cè)過(guò)去狀況)shall/shouldShall.？用于第一人稱表示提建議或請(qǐng)求Shall we ask the teacher for help？should用于各種人稱，強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任He shouldnt be so selfish.will/would用于第二人稱，疑問(wèn)句中表示征求意見(jiàn)或提建議Will/Would you please take out the rubbish？will用于各種人稱表示意愿Your parents will try their bes

21、t to help you.1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式與原形相比，表示更委婉的語(yǔ)氣。2mustnt表示否定意義，意為“禁止，不允許”。3have to有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，表示受客觀條件限制，意為“不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽車去上班。4“May.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .cant.”?！癕ust.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .neednt./.dont have to.”。1Ive ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.Acant

22、 Bmustnt Cneednt2Where are you going for your summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I havent decided.Amay Bneed Cmust3Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.Ashouldnt Bcant Cmustnt4To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.Ashould Bmight Ccould5May I watch TV, Dad?When your homework is finished, you Ashould Bcan Cmust6Must I hand in the survey on the