高中英語必修1 Unit4 language points

1、Unit 4 EarthquakesA Night The Earth Didnt Sleep Important language pointsRevision Retell the story. 1.When,where,what happened. 2.Before the earthquake-signs. 3.During the earthquake-damage 4.After the earthquake-rescuewell n.井井crack n.裂縫裂縫v. 開裂開裂京杭大運河canal n.運河運河,水道水道dam n.水壩，大壩水壩，大壩好臭！smelly adj.發(fā)

2、臭的，發(fā)臭的， 有臭味的有臭味的miner n. 礦工礦工trap n.陷阱陷阱track n. 軌道，足跡軌道，足跡frightened adj.受驚的受驚的 驚恐的驚恐的brick n.磚磚reporter n.記者記者rescue n./v. 援救，營救援救，營救dig out 挖掘，掘出挖掘，掘出1.right away 立刻，馬上立刻，馬上e.g. We must leave right away. Its eight already.(我們必須馬上離開，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)八點我們必須馬上離開，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)八點了。）了。） 請馬上把書還給我。請馬上把書還給我。 Please return the

3、book to me right away. 同義詞同義詞at onceimmediatelyin no time2. rise (rise、rose、risen ) vi. (指日月星辰煙等的指日月星辰煙等的)升起，升起，(水位水位/價價格格/溫度的溫度的)上升上升 =go up ; 起身起身=get up The sun rises at seven oclock.（太陽升起）（太陽升起） Prices have risen steadily during the past ten years.(價格上漲價格上漲) He rose from his chair and began his

4、speech. （起身）（起身）rise & raiserise vi. 主動上升，升起主動上升，升起raise vt. 抬高，提高；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)抬高，提高；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng) ；籌募，；籌募， 籌集（有被動）籌集（有被動）raise-raised-raised (其后一定要加賓語其后一定要加賓語） raise money raise fundsfor募捐募捐籌集資金籌集資金1.The sun _in the east. 2. Prices continue to_.3.The price of the tomatoes has been _recently.4.His job is _ chi

5、ckens.raisingThey_ their arms and waved to us with joy.A rise B rose C raise D raisedrisesriseraised口頭翻譯口頭翻譯:他緊張地說不出話來。他緊張地說不出話來。Li Pings brother is too young to join the army.李平的弟弟年紀太小而不能參軍。李平的弟弟年紀太小而不能參軍。He was too nervous to speak. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous

6、to eat.3.tooto 太太以至于不能以至于不能 (表否定表否定)“tooto”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有only,but,never,not,時，時，是強調(diào)是強調(diào)肯定肯定的表示法，譯作的表示法，譯作“非常非常”“十分十分”“實在實在”真是太真是太”等等I am only too happy to teach you.我非常高興教你們。我非常高興教你們。He is but too glad to do so.他非常喜歡這樣做他非常喜歡這樣做.You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我們絕對不會老得不能享受歌曲帶來的歡樂我們絕對不會老得不能享受歌曲帶

7、來的歡樂.Tooto. 結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示心情心情或或描繪性描繪性的的adj/adv時也表達肯定含義時也表達肯定含義e.g. ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, anxious etc.She is too ready to help other.他樂于助人。他樂于助人。I am too eager to have a world trip.我很想去環(huán)球旅行。我很想去環(huán)球旅行。e.g. The balloon suddenly burst. 氣球突然間爆炸了。氣球突然間爆炸了。4. burst vi./vt. (burst-burst-bu

8、rst) 使某物爆炸，脹破，爆破使某物爆炸，脹破，爆破, 破裂破裂burst into + n. 闖入；突然開始闖入；突然開始 e.g.Some robbers burst into that house. 一些強盜闖進了那間房子。一些強盜闖進了那間房子。burst out 突然開始突然開始burst out + doinge.g. They burst out laughing. 他們突然開始笑起來了。他們突然開始笑起來了。 burst into+ n.burst out + doing1.He burst into laughter.= He burst out laughing. 他突然

9、笑了。他突然笑了。2.He burst into tears.= He burst out crying. 他突然大哭起來。他突然大哭起來。=擴展擴展: burst into leafburst into flower長出葉子長出葉子開花開花n. a burst of .一陣一陣. a burst of laughter /thunder /applause(歡呼）歡呼）3. 他們?nèi)纪蝗凰麄內(nèi)纪蝗恍ζ饋硇ζ饋?哭起來哭起來/唱起來唱起來.All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.=All of them burst into laught

10、er/tears/songs.5.think little of 不重視，輕視e.g.Dont think little of him. He can do it well. (別小看他，他會做好的。)uthink of 想起，考慮想起，考慮uthink little of 認為沒認為沒什么什么uthink nothing of 不重視，忽視不重視，忽視uthink badly/poorly /ill of對對看法不好，評看法不好，評價很低價很低think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of 1.老師對你的進步評價很高。老師對你的進步評價很高。T

11、he teacher thought highly of your progress.2. To tell you the truth, I _ Tom, who is very lazy and never knows what to do . think poorly of 對對重視重視/高度評價高度評價1) as if 似乎，好像似乎，好像 = as though She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我說話的神情，好像她早就認識我她和我說話的神情，好像她早就認識我 似的。似的。2) as if 在表語從句中相當于在表語從句中相當于that: It s

12、eemed as if /that the meeting would never end. 看起來會議沒完沒了?？雌饋頃h沒完沒了。seem 看來，似乎，好像看來，似乎，好像 seem(+to be)+adj./n. seem+like+n. seem to do it seems(to sb)+that = sb seem to do看起來看起來， 好像好像 His father seems to be a kind man. He seems to know everything. I seem to have seen her before. =It seems that I have

13、 seen her before. 我好像以前認識她。我好像以前認識她。Please translate these sentences into English.1.太陽從東方升起。太陽從東方升起。2.他們昨天為慈善機構(gòu)募捐了許多錢。他們昨天為慈善機構(gòu)募捐了許多錢。3.房子太小了而不能容納這些人。房子太小了而不能容納這些人。（hold容納容納)4.小偷突然闖入了她的房間。小偷突然闖入了她的房間。5.這位老人突然大哭起來。這位老人突然大哭起來。6.我對這部電影評價不高。我對這部電影評價不高。7.老師不能輕視學生。老師不能輕視學生。 1.The sun rises in the east.2.T

14、hey raised a lot of money for the charity yesterday.3.The house is too small to hold these people.4.The thief burst into her room.5.This old man burst out crying.=This old man burst into tears.6.I thought poorly of the film.7.Teachers cant think little of students.7. at an end= finished 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（作表語結(jié)束，

15、終結(jié)（作表語) We were very happy when the work was at an end. Compare: at the end of by the end of in the endat the end of “在在盡頭；在盡頭；在末末” by the end of “到到/截止截止末末”；主句主句一般用完一般用完成時成時in the end 意思意思“最后、終于最后、終于”= at last/ finally 1. Wash your hands _ the experiment.at the end of2. How many English words had y

16、ou learned _ last term?by the end of3. He tried various jobs and_ became a teacher.in the endlbring/put an end to sth 使使終止終止l sth come to an end. 結(jié)束結(jié)束lend up with 以以.而告終而告終其他詞組：其他詞組：The job came to an end last month.Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的忽然來到使他們的會議終止了。她的忽然來到使他們的會議終止了。At th

17、e dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴會上，開始的一道菜通常是湯，最后的在宴會上，開始的一道菜通常是湯，最后的一道是水果。一道是水果。8分數(shù)的表示法分數(shù)的表示法分子分母基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞分子大于一，分母用復(fù)數(shù)分子大于一，分母用復(fù)數(shù)三分之一三分之一one- third五分之三五分之三 three-fifthstwo and three-fifths ? a quarter ？ 例外：例外：二分之一二分之一a half / one halfTwo thirds of the land is covered by fores

18、t.2. One fifth of the students in this class are girls.1. 三分之二的陸地為森林所覆蓋三分之二的陸地為森林所覆蓋這個班里五分之一的學生是女生這個班里五分之一的學生是女生注意：分數(shù)+n.作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于分數(shù)后面的名詞形式 經(jīng)典回放：經(jīng)典回放： The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. A.is B.are C.was D.wereD3.More than 61% of the surface of the

19、 earth _ covered by water.4. One-third of the workers in this factory _ young.isare9.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.lie v. 1) 處于某種狀態(tài)處于某種狀態(tài)=remain（lay , lain） 2）躺，平躺，位于）躺，平躺，位于 ,平放平放 (lay , lain） 3) 撒謊撒謊 （lied , lied）2.He lay down the sofa and soon fell asleep.他在沙發(fā)上躺著很快睡著了。他在沙發(fā)

20、上躺著很快睡著了。1.These machines have lain idle since the factory closed. （狀態(tài)狀態(tài)）自從工廠關(guān)閉后，這些機器就一直自從工廠關(guān)閉后，這些機器就一直閑閑著。著。3.中國中國位于位于亞洲東部。亞洲東部。China lies in the east of Asia.Dont lie to me.4.不要對我不要對我說謊說謊。口訣口訣:規(guī)則的規(guī)則的“撒謊撒謊”，不規(guī)，不規(guī)則的則的“躺躺”，躺，躺過就過就“下蛋下蛋”。 (lie當當“說謊說謊”用，它的過去式用，它的過去式和過去分詞都為和過去分詞都為lied，而當，而當“躺躺”用時，它的過去用時

21、，它的過去式為式為“下蛋下蛋”即即lay) 中文中文 原形原形過過 去去 式式過去過去分詞分詞現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞說明說明放置放置產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵下蛋下蛋l(fā)aylaidlaidlaying及物動及物動詞詞躺躺;位于位于lielaylainlying不及物不及物動詞動詞說謊說謊 lieliedliedlying不及物不及物動詞動詞lie 和和lay的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 10.ruin n.&v.毀壞，毀滅，滅亡，廢墟毀壞，毀滅，滅亡，廢墟in ruins 嚴重受損嚴重受損,成為廢墟。成為廢墟。An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.nlie/be in ruin

22、s 成為廢墟成為廢墟n bring sth into ruin 使某物毀滅使某物毀滅nruin oneself 自我毀滅自我毀滅I was ruined by that law case.我被那場官我被那場官司搞的傾家蕩產(chǎn)。司搞的傾家蕩產(chǎn)。damage指部分指部分“損壞損壞”、“損害損害”、“破壞破壞”或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞,也可以也可以用作名詞用作名詞,用作名詞時常與用作名詞時常與to something 連用。連用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作動詞只能用作

23、動詞,指徹底破壞指徹底破壞,以致不可以致不可能修復(fù)能修復(fù),常作常作“破壞破壞”、“毀滅毀滅”解解,也可以指希望、也可以指希望、計劃等打破。計劃等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. damage & destroy & ruinruin則表示破壞嚴重則表示破壞嚴重,以致不能修復(fù)以致不能修復(fù),但這但這種破壞不像種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物那樣毀滅某物,而是強調(diào)而是強調(diào)致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞時時,它作它作 “使毀滅使毀滅”、 “使崩潰使崩潰”、 “弄糟弄糟”

24、解解;用作名詞時用作名詞時,它表示它表示 “毀滅毀滅”、 “瓦解瓦解”、 “廢廢墟墟”等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。也有借喻的用法。 The company is facing ruin. He ruined me.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was_. destroyedHe _ his girl friends prospects.ruinedSoft wood _easily.damages ruin 徹底毀滅，逐漸毀掉，還表示抽象意義徹底毀滅，逐漸毀掉，還表示抽象意義 destroy 徹底毀滅，不可恢復(fù)徹底毀滅，不

25、可恢復(fù) damage 局部毀壞，一般可以恢復(fù)局部毀壞，一般可以恢復(fù)簡言簡言 之之11. hurt injure wound 指肉體上，也可指精神上的指肉體上，也可指精神上的傷害也可指傷害也可指“疼痛，痛苦疼痛，痛苦”指由于意外或事故而受傷指由于意外或事故而受傷,指損指損害健康，成就，美貌等。害健康，成就，美貌等。指外傷，如槍傷指外傷，如槍傷,刀傷刀傷,劍傷劍傷,尤尤指在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷指在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷1.He fell off the bicycle and his arm.2. My knees _and my feet hurt ,too.injuredhurtHis words _her fee

26、lings.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.The soldiers were _ in the battle.hurtinjuredwoundedThe news was a shock to us.這消息使我們大為震驚。這消息使我們大為震驚。shock vt. 使震驚使震驚 ，使震動，使震動搭配：搭配：be shocked at/by 對對.吃驚吃驚be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而吃驚因做某事而吃驚12.shock n.震驚震驚 ，打擊，打擊 ,令人震驚事令人震驚事 I_ his conduct. She

27、was shocked to hear her child swearing. （聽到她的孩子在罵人她很震驚。）（聽到她的孩子在罵人她很震驚。）were shocked atThe news is _(shock)shocking 表示情感的動詞表示情感的動詞 excite, surprise, interest, bore, move, shock, disappoint, satisfy.(驚訝，興趣，乏味，感動，驚訝，興趣，乏味，感動， 失望失望 ，滿意），滿意）變?yōu)樾稳菰~時可加變?yōu)樾稳菰~時可加ing(指物）或加指物）或加ed (指人）指人）15. shake shook shaken

28、搖動搖動 ,震動震動,顫動顫動shake ones hand=shake sb.by the hand 握手握手shake hands with sb. 握手握手shake ones head搖頭搖頭 反義反義 nod ones head shake with anger 氣得發(fā)抖氣得發(fā)抖The poor boy was shaking with cold.這個可憐的男孩正凍得發(fā)抖。這個可憐的男孩正凍得發(fā)抖。n. 搭救；解救搭救；解救;營救營救a rescue team 營救隊營救隊 v. 解救；救出；營救解救；救出；營救He rescued the man from drowning. co

29、me/go to sbs rescue 去營救某人去營救某人We _ （來救他）and pulled him out of the lake.came to his rescue13.rescuerescuefrom把把從從營救出來營救出來考點考點 last在此句中意為在此句中意為“持續(xù)，延續(xù)持續(xù)，延續(xù)”。可單獨使用，也可后接可單獨使用，也可后接for +一段時間一段時間（for可以省略）?？梢允÷裕he meeting _(持續(xù)）持續(xù)）two hours. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 14. last v. 持續(xù)持續(xù)lasted16. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。不是所有的希望都破滅了。表示部分否定：表示部分否定： allnot=not all不是所有的不是所有的 e.g. Not all the girls left. (Only some of the girls left.) Not all the children are noisy. (Some of the children are not noisy.)注意：注意：