第十一章 漢語長句的翻譯

1、第十章漢語長句的英譯Try to translate with your own way! 中國是個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。 China is a large agricultural country_ _, but only one tenth of the land is farmland,_. 合句法 分句法 population engaged in agriculturewith four-fifths of thethe rest being mountains, forests and places fo

2、r urban and other usesChina is a large agricultural country and four-fifths of the population are engaged in agriculture. Only one tenth of the land is farmland, while the rest are mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. China is a large agricultural country with four-fifths of the p

3、opulation engaged in agriculture.Only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. 獨立主格 獨獨立立主主格格本節(jié)課授課目標：翻譯的方法分譯分句法:他繼續(xù)設(shè)想：雞又生雞，用雞賣錢，錢買母牛，母牛繁殖，賣牛得錢，用錢放債，這么一連串的發(fā)財計劃 對象：長句或是結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的復合句。這種句子若譯成一個長句就會顯得累贅，也會譯不清楚，也不符合英文習慣。 目標：把其目標：把其拆譯成若干個較短、較簡單的句子。

4、拆譯成若干個較短、較簡單的句子。使譯文條理清晰，使譯文條理清晰，易于理解，更簡潔易于理解，更簡潔他繼續(xù)設(shè)想：雞又生雞，用雞賣錢，錢買母牛，母牛繁殖，賣牛得錢，用錢放債，這么一連串的發(fā)財計劃，當然也不能算是生產(chǎn)計劃。 He went on thinking. Chickens would breed more chickens. Selling them would bring him more money. With this he could buy cows. The cows would breed too. selling oxen would make more money for

5、him. With the money he could become a money lender.Such a succession of steps for getting rich of course had nothing at all to do with production 他繼續(xù)設(shè)想：用雞賣錢，雞又生雞，錢買母牛母牛繁殖，用錢放債，這么一連串的發(fā)財計劃，當然也不能算是生產(chǎn)計劃。該怎么拆？該怎么拆？拆成幾個小拆成幾個小句比較合適句比較合適呢？呢？賣牛得錢，Eightsentences?Can you tell me the Standard?分譯的標準：分譯的標準：1、按內(nèi)容層

6、次分譯、按內(nèi)容層次分譯2、從主語變換處分譯、從主語變換處分譯3、從關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如轉(zhuǎn)折）、從關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如轉(zhuǎn)折）處分譯處分譯4、原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時、原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時要分譯要分譯5、 帶有反問句、感嘆句帶有反問句、感嘆句一、 按內(nèi)容層次分譯首先，要弄清原文的含義包含幾個層次，即：漢語長句中，首先，要弄清原文的含義包含幾個層次，即：漢語長句中，有一部分說明一方面的情況，而另一部分說明另一方面的情有一部分說明一方面的情況，而另一部分說明另一方面的情況。況。其次，漢譯英時，要根據(jù)內(nèi)容的層次斷句分譯，使譯文更清其次，漢譯英時，要根據(jù)內(nèi)容的層次斷句分譯，使譯文更清晰明快。晰明快。中日兩國是近鄰，只隔一衣帶水，

7、我們兩國關(guān)系已經(jīng)有一千多年歷史。分析：這句話有兩層意思， 意識中日兩國一衣帶水的近鄰關(guān)系，二是兩國悠久的歷史，兩大分句之間本身意義完整，可以單獨成句。包含幾層包含幾層含義？含義？ The relations between our two countries have a history of more than 1000 years. China and Japan are close neighbors separated by just a strip of water.分析：前三個分句介紹院內(nèi)景點，最后一句介紹游客，兩者在語義上似乎是并列關(guān)系，構(gòu)成兩層意思With pavilions,

8、 halls, towers, ponds and rockeries, the garden has more than 40 scenic spots. At least 10,000 people visit it (the garden) every day.Pavilions, halls, towersTry to translate 二、從主語變換處分譯 她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。有位船夫睡得正香。如果原文有主語變換，就可以從變換出分譯。如果原文有主語變換，就可以從變換出分譯。分析：原文有兩層含義，前

9、兩個分句描述她向外望，看到小分析：原文有兩層含義，前兩個分句描述她向外望，看到小 船，兩者共用一個主語船，兩者共用一個主語“她她”，最后一個分句是說船夫在，最后一個分句是說船夫在睡覺，主語變成了船夫。睡覺，主語變成了船夫。 Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank何處有主語何處有主語變換？變換？拆成幾個分拆成幾個分句呢？句呢？ In it there was a boatman fast asleepTry to translate Many countries now celebrate

10、/observe a similar Tree Planting Day. 許多國家都會慶祝植樹節(jié)，雖然都是在春天，但根據(jù)天氣和合適植樹的時間不同，植樹節(jié)的具體日期也有不同。 Though usually observed in the spring, the date varies, depending on climate and suitable planting season.2. 中國人會在每年農(nóng)歷的十二月初八（即昨天）慶祝臘八節(jié)，而與臘八節(jié)相關(guān)的最重要的一個傳統(tǒng)就是要喝臘八粥。 Chinese people honor Laba Festival on the 8th day of

11、 the 12th month on the lunar calendar, which falls on yesterday. The most important tradition associated with the Festival is eating Laba congee. The annual Water Splashing Festival, with a history of over one thousand years, is the festival of the Dai minority nationality. 3. 潑水節(jié)是少數(shù)民族傣族的節(jié)日，已有上千年歷史，

12、節(jié)日每年一次，節(jié)慶期間，人們互相潑水，互祝吉祥、幸福、健康。 During the festival, people splash water on each other to pray for good luck, happiness and health.Water Splashing Festival Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. 秋天，無論在什么地方的秋天，總是好的；可是啊，北國的秋，卻特別地來得早，來得靜，來的悲涼。（郁達夫故都的秋） In North China, however,

13、 it is particularly early, serene and melancholy.分析：轉(zhuǎn)折前后句意較為完整可以分析，另起一句分析：轉(zhuǎn)折前后句意較為完整可以分析，另起一句三、從關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如轉(zhuǎn)折）處分譯 health organization once advised that household chores may help one keep active.衛(wèi)生組織曾建議說做家務能讓人身手敏捷，可是，這一論點與新研究成果相悖研究表明，家務做得越多的人，也就越容易超重。 It has been debunked by the new research, which shows t

14、hat the people who do the most housework are also the most overweight.Try to translate四、原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時要分譯 分析：原句中先分說再總述?？偸鰰r，另起一句。分析：原句中先分說再總述。總述時，另起一句。當原文出現(xiàn)分述與概括句子時，要么先概括再分述，要么先當原文出現(xiàn)分述與概括句子時，要么先概括再分述，要么先分述再概括。都可以在分述與概括之間進行分譯。分述再概括。都可以在分述與概括之間進行分譯。 我們的政策是實行“一個國家，兩種制度”，具體說，就是在中華人民共和國內(nèi)，十億人口的大陸實行社會主義制度，香港、臺灣

15、實行資本主義制度。 We are pursuing a policy of “one country, two systems”. More specifically, this means that_ the mainland _will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.with its one billion people,capitalist systemwithin the Peoples Republic of China, 1

16、. 1. 中國政府高度重視中國政府高度重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦產(chǎn)資源和礦產(chǎn)資源 的合理利用，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展確定為國家戰(zhàn)略，把的合理利用，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展確定為國家戰(zhàn)略，把保護資源作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容保護資源作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. 分析：原文第一小節(jié)是對事情的總述，第二、三小節(jié)則是分分析：原文第一小節(jié)是對事情的總述，第二、三小節(jié)則是分

17、述。所以，一般述。所以，一般 先將總述部分翻譯成一個獨立句，分述部先將總述部分翻譯成一個獨立句，分述部分譯成另一個句子。分譯成另一個句子。 It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy. sustainable development五、 帶有反問句、感嘆句 看句末是否有疑問句或感嘆句。如果句末是否有疑問句或感嘆句，就可以采用分宜把他們譯成獨立的句子。該承認，每個民族都有它的長處，不然他為什么存在

18、？It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not, how can it survive.你們這些調(diào)皮的家伙，這兒用不著你們，走開！You naughty boys are not wanted there. Get along with you!分析：“走開”是感嘆句，是斷句的明顯標志。_Try to translate盛夏炎日，一走進浙江莫干山的林間小道就汗止心涼，忍不住要贊嘆一聲：“莫干山，好一個清涼的世界”。No matter how hot is outside, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. How cool it is! 節(jié)假期間，人們不僅可以從繁重的日常工作中解節(jié)假期間，人們不僅可以從繁重的日常工作中解脫出來，還可以通過旅游和購物，享受幸福時光。脫出來，還可以