（精心整理）中考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、教師姓名學(xué)生姓名教材版本深圳牛津版學(xué)科名稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)年 級(jí)八年級(jí)上課時(shí)間 2012-08-18 14：00-16：00 課題名稱(chēng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)重點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程備 注Step 1: 復(fù)習(xí)形容詞Step 2: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？ Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始嗎？ You m

2、ust obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的位置 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問(wèn)句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看見(jiàn)你，過(guò)來(lái)吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for y

3、ou? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們! 3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。 不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須與一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，并且這個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞要始終是動(dòng)詞原形。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，過(guò)去式可以用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。 變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)只需將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面。 He could be here soon. 他很快就來(lái)。 We can't carry the hea

4、vy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?四考點(diǎn)聚焦 各地中考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查都有涉及，但是集中于can, must, may等詞的用法，尤其是can, must, may表示推測(cè)和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越來(lái)越側(cè)重根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，尤其是根據(jù)暗示詞和暗示語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度，從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。 二、易混點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 1.can 和be able to can 只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)could。 be able to有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。 2.cant和may not cant語(yǔ)氣肯定，表示“不可能”。

5、 may not語(yǔ)氣不肯定，表示“可能不”。 3.must和have to must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、應(yīng)該”。 have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，意為“不得不”。 4.cant和mustnt cant意為“不可能”，表示推測(cè)。 mustnt意為“禁止、不許”，不表示推測(cè)。 三、考點(diǎn)解讀 初中階段必須掌握的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can, may, must, need, had better, shall, will, should, would, could, might, have to 考點(diǎn)一：can, could 的用法 ：can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性。1.表

6、示能力，意為“能、會(huì)”。 _you speak Japanese ? No, I cant. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should Have you seen my glasses? I _find them. Sorry. I havent seen them. A. cant B. shouldnt C. wont D. mustnt 2.表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。常見(jiàn)于對(duì)cant be的考查，意為“不可能”。 Is Lucy knocking at the door? No. It_be Lucy. She is in Japan now.

7、 A. neednt B. must C. cant 3. 以can開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，表示許可或請(qǐng)求，此時(shí)可等于may. 其肯定回答和否定回答分別用 can和 cant。但比較委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時(shí)則用can。 例如：You can use this pen. Can I borrow your book? Could I.?我可以嗎？ Of course you can. 當(dāng)然可以。 Could I borrow your dictionary? Of course you_. A. can B. must C. should D. will 補(bǔ)充：can 和

8、be able to的區(qū)別 can 只有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could)，表示習(xí)慣能力； be able to有各種時(shí)態(tài)，表示“一時(shí)”的能力，即經(jīng)努力而做成了某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。 Mary can play the piano . She has been able to play it since she was 5. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 注意：在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。 考點(diǎn)二：may/ might的用法 1. may/might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于陳述句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作把握不大。(may&

9、gt;might) 表示否定的推測(cè)用 may not，意思是“或許不” It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. -Why isnt he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大) He might be sick.(生病的可能性較小) Is Mr. Brown driving here? Im not sure. He_come by train. A. may B. shall C. need D. must 解析：答案為A。 從暗示語(yǔ)Im not sure.判斷說(shuō)話人沒(méi)有把握，must意為“一定”，有把握；need

10、為“需要”,與題意不符。故選may，表示推測(cè)，意為“可能、也許”。 Is Susan going to the hometown by train? I guess she _.I know she likes driving her new car.A. mustnt B. cant C. may notJohn _ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to 2. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.

11、May you be happy! May you succeed！3. may / might 表示建議或請(qǐng)求，但might比may 更客氣. 和 can 表示的請(qǐng)求相比，may更正式，can口語(yǔ)化。 Yes, you can / may.May / Might I use your bike? No, you mustnt/ can't John, you neednt do your work today, you_do it tomorrow if youre tired. A. must B. may C. cant 解析：答案為B。 鎖定語(yǔ)境，由暗示語(yǔ)neednt

12、 do.today. 可知“不必今天去做”。根據(jù)tomorrow得知可以“明天做”。may意為“可以”；must意為“必須”，語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)硬；cant意為“不能”，與題意不符。 _I have you name, please? Yes, Smith. S-M-I-T-H.A. Must B. May C. Will 考點(diǎn)三：must的用法 1.表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)或一種強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定。意為“必須、應(yīng)該”。否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意為“不許”。 You must stay here until I come backYou mustnt play with fire. You mustnt be la

13、te.Mum, can I go to the movies today? Sure, but you_finish your homework first. A. can B. cant C. must D. neednt 解析：答案為C。根據(jù)暗示詞but，first看出說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬。 can 意為“可以”，語(yǔ)氣不夠強(qiáng)硬；cant意為“不能”；neednt意為“沒(méi)有必要”，與題意不符。 You _ wash your hands before meals. A. need B. must C. can The traffic _ stop when the lights are red.

14、A. must B. may C. cant 2. 表示推測(cè)，用于肯定句中。意為“一定”，可能性大。多見(jiàn)于對(duì)must be的考查。The light is on, so he must be at home now.Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You_be very proud of it. A. can B. need C. would D. must 解析：答案為D。根據(jù)句意“我們班贏得了英語(yǔ)演講比賽”可知，一定很自豪（proud），must 意為“一定”，表示推測(cè)的可能性大；can be語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬

15、些；need意為“需要”；would為委婉詢(xún)問(wèn)，不用于推測(cè)。 3. 以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用neednt，表示“不需要、不必”，相當(dāng)于dont have to。 Must I finish my homework now? 我必須嗎？ No, you neednt / dont have to. 不，你不必。 Yes, you must. 是的，你必須。 Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy? No, you_.You may keep it until next Wednesday. A. nee

16、dnt B. cant C. must D. may 解析：答案為A。must 的否定回答為neednt。 注意：must 和 have to 的區(qū)別: must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀思想 have to “不得不,必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be at my office every evening. We must rely on ourselves. 我們必須依靠自己。 My brother was badly ill, so I _c

17、all the doctor in the middle of the night. He said that he _ work hard. We _trust ourselves . We _stay at home because it is raining. 考點(diǎn)四 need need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒(méi)有必要，不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：- Need he start from the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he

18、neednt/doesnt have to. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。 You _ return the book now. You can keep it for another week.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant 補(bǔ)充：作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或代詞，這種情況下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借

19、助于助動(dòng)詞do或does.1need sth.這是need最常見(jiàn)的用法之一，其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞，也可以是代詞。如：1). We need a great deal of money now. 我們需要和多錢(qián)。2). They dont it any more. 他們不再需要它了。3). Does your father need any help? 你爸爸需要幫助嗎?2need doing = need to be doneneed后面可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：4). T

20、he door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇門(mén)需要油漆一下。5). Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車(chē)需要維修了。3need to do sth.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，need后面需要接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,表示有義務(wù)或責(zé)任去做某事。如：6). What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我們需要帶些什么？7). Will we need to show our passports? 我們需要出示護(hù)照嗎？8)

21、. You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你媽媽。1.I _know what is real.A. want/ B. need doingC. need to2. Did they_it yesterday? A. needed to didB. needed to doC. need to do3. You_trouble about that. It's none of your business. A.not needB.needntC.mustnt4.you _to the meeting this afternoo

22、n if you have something important to do.A.needn't come B.don't need comeC.neednt to come考點(diǎn)五：had better的用法 1.表建議，意為“最好做某事”。結(jié)構(gòu)為had better (not) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 It seems that it is going to rain. Youd better_the windows open when you leave the house. A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave 解析

23、：答案為A。首先根據(jù)had better do這一語(yǔ)法特征排除C和D。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“要下雨了”，應(yīng)不讓窗戶(hù)開(kāi)著，所以用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點(diǎn)五：shall, should的用法 1.shall用于第一，三人稱(chēng)，表示征求意見(jiàn)、詢(xún)問(wèn)。 Shall I open the window for you？（征求意見(jiàn)）Shall he fetch some water for you？（請(qǐng)求）What a nice day!_ We go surfing? Good idea!A. Shall B. Must C. Need在陳述句中,shall用于二、三人稱(chēng)表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。You shall do

24、as I say. (命令)Nothing shall stop me doing it. (決心)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允諾)2. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，意為“應(yīng)該”。 Young people should learn how to use computers.School_allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A.would B. might C. should D. could 解析：答案為C。考查should表示“應(yīng)該”的用法。wou

25、ld意為“請(qǐng)求”；might意為“可能”；could意為“能夠”。根據(jù)句意“學(xué)校應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生每天運(yùn)動(dòng)一小時(shí)”，所以選擇should。 Boys, you _ be sitting in this room. It is for your teachers only.A. shouldnt B. dont have to C. wont 考點(diǎn)六：will, would的用法 1. 表示意志或意愿：決心，愿意，好嗎？ We will do our best to save the child. 我們會(huì)盡力搶救這個(gè)孩子。 I told her to stop crying, but she just

26、 wouldnt listen. 我叫她別哭,可她就是不愿聽(tīng)。 注：表示請(qǐng)求、建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)，用Would you? 比用Will you?更婉轉(zhuǎn)。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open?請(qǐng)讓門(mén)開(kāi)著好嗎？ Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去嗎?2. 表示習(xí)慣：慣于，總是 或者自然傾向。 Oil will float on water. 沒(méi)總是浮在水面上。 She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 他獨(dú)自在房間里聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，一聽(tīng)往往就是幾小時(shí) He

27、 would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)總是早起。3. 表示要求：一定，必須 You will report to me afterward. 你稍后一定要向我報(bào)告。4. 表示猜測(cè)：可能，大概 This will be the house youre looking for. 這大概就是你找的那所房子了。 I think he would accept the invitation. 我想他會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。5. 表示功能：能 This auditorium will/would seat one thousand peopl

28、e. 這個(gè)禮堂能容納一千人。Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. OK, I_. A. will B. wont C. doD. dont Ben, would you like to play football with us? _, but I have to wash the dishes first. A. No, I cant B. I dont want to C. Yes, please D. Id love to 補(bǔ)充： would like表示愿意I would like to have a word w

29、ith you. 我想同你說(shuō)句話。Would you like a cup of tea?請(qǐng)你喝杯茶好嗎？ would ratherthan寧愿也不愿I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 我寧愿考不及格，也不愿意考試作弊。考點(diǎn)七：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞（多考查can, must should的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。） Attentions, please! All the mobile phones must_before the meeting starts. A.turn off B. be turned off

30、 C. be turning off 解析：答案為B。由主語(yǔ)mobile phones與動(dòng)詞turn off的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A。根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) must + be + 過(guò)去分詞，應(yīng)選B?？键c(diǎn)八：小結(jié)表推測(cè)must, can, could, may, might 語(yǔ)氣依次減弱。 1. Must: 用于肯定句 有把握的推測(cè), 一定。 Can：用于一般疑問(wèn)句， 否定句， 會(huì) can't 不可能的意思。Could比can較弱。 May：用于肯定句，否定句 沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，可能；may not 可能不的意思。Might比may弱。1. The restaurant _ be v

31、ery good. It is always full of people. A. may B. can C. must2. John _ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to 3. Class 3 won the football match !_it be true ? A. May B. Must C. Can4. Tommy has just had lunch. He _ hungry now. A. mustnt be B. cant be C. may not be5.

32、The light in the office is off. The teacher _ be there now. A. may B. cant C. mustnt D. must6.His parents bought him a large house . It _be very expensive.A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant 2. should, ought to (按理應(yīng)當(dāng)), would, will,(很可能)等也可表示推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣都較肯定，且由左至右依次增強(qiáng)，但較must稍弱。 It is already 10 oclock now they

33、 should be there. 3. 關(guān)于表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面所接動(dòng)詞形式，有下列三種情況： 若對(duì)此刻正在發(fā)生的事，接“be +現(xiàn)在分詞”； 若對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，接動(dòng)詞原形；若對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，接“have +過(guò)去分詞”。Practice1. Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, I am not sure. It _ be. A. might             B. wi

34、ll C. must                         D. can2. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture. A. must    

35、      B. shall C. may                      D. need 3. Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be himIm sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant    

36、60;          B. must not C. wont                    D. may not4When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can&

37、#160;                 B. should C. might                     D. need5. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ somewhere. A. m

38、ust drop   B. must have dropped  C. must be dropping             D. must have been dropped6. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayed      B. could s

39、tay C. would stay         D. must have stayed 7. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. A. could        B. should C. might        

40、0;   D. must8. You _ be tiredyouve only been working for an hour. A. must not        B. wont C. cant                  D. may not9. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A.

41、must be      B. must have been C. should be      D. should have been10. Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must          B. would C. should    

42、       D. might11. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt         B. cant C. should                     

43、        D. mayStep 3: Practice1. Must I return the hook tomorrow morning? No, you _ .You can keep it longer.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. couldn't2.Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation? Not yet. We _ go to Qingdao. It is a good

44、place for vacation. A. may B. should C. need D. must 3. Must I be home before eight o'clock, Mum? No, you _. But you have to come back before ten o'clock.A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't4._ I borrow your history book? Sure. Here you are.A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will5.Lets go dancing tonight.! Sorry, I _.I have to go to my guitar lesson. A. mustn