高考英語短文改錯解題技巧

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語短文改錯解題技巧（1）一、高考英語改錯題的常見錯誤類型1、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)2、句子結構和句子完整性3、名詞單復數(shù)及主謂一致問題4、上下文語意和代詞5、介詞  固定搭配6、固定（習慣）用法7、形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級是否正確；8、冠詞。取舍與選擇是否正確9、連詞和從句引導詞10、非謂語動詞的形式是否正確短文改錯口訣短文改錯要做好，常見類型要記牢。名詞愛考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯”，“多”，“少”。動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂搭配莫錯了。連，代，形，副錯一樣，多是故意來混淆。介詞多半考搭配，多，漏，誤用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，從句多考關系詞。

2、語法句法均未錯，邏輯推理去尋找。二、命題趨勢詞法錯誤、句法錯誤和行文邏輯，1.一致關系：包括主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致等。2.平行結構：包括動詞與動詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配等。常由并列連詞或詞組連接。如：and， or ， but，neithernor, as well as 等.3.非謂語動詞的用法：如to的省略，過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的誤用等。4多余詞：常常是介詞、副詞等的多余。5詞性的混用。6行文邏輯判斷等?！岸涛母腻e意識原則”表個數(shù)/類型10改錯具體內容多缺詞2-3be的各種形式、介詞、冠詞、不定式符號、三大從句引出詞、代詞、副詞、固定搭配中的虛

3、詞錯詞8-7連詞、 三大從句引導詞、動詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等嘗試原則表類型具體內容動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致；非謂語動詞（不定式、分詞、動名詞）名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復數(shù) （單數(shù)是否與不定冠詞連用，復數(shù)形式是否正確）冠詞到底是用定冠詞、不定冠詞還是零冠詞連詞行文邏輯即上下文意義是否連貫一致；三大從句引出詞是否正確詞性斷定所需詞到底是形容詞還是副詞或名詞注意：所改內容應最貼近原文； 可改可不改的，按不改對待。三、短文改錯錯誤類型:（一） 詞法的測試1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。eg: 1）I have many hobby, such as footbal

4、l, sing, listen music.Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復數(shù)形式；playing football是一項運動，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。2）Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式，謂動用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。3）Reading books is one of my hobby.  one of 后的名詞應用復數(shù)形式。2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內

5、容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，常考的代詞包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關系代詞及疑問代詞等。1）He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應將her改為him.  2）This is the best film which I have ever seen.先行詞前有最高級修飾應用關系代詞that 而不是which。3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a（n）卻用了the

6、.1）I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應加a.2） I like playing the football.  去the 3） He is a honest boy.    a改為an4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。1） I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應將with 改為for.2） Im

7、 the happiest in all.此句想表達的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應將in改為 of.3） Under the help of my father, I       under  改為 with4） He went to Beijing in next Sunday.   in 改為on5.  形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級

8、。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e項目之一。1） I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名詞2） These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.（NMET2007）此處有Ive ever seen限定，應用最高級，故happier應改為 happiest.3） You can borrow a book very easy.   easy 改為easily.4） These books are very worth reading. 

9、;  用well 修飾6. 連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否 符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關系。此外如果是平行結構就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題。平行結構常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1）As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導原因狀語從句，因此后句不能

10、再用so,故應把so 去掉。  2）The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。1） 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤a. I will write again and send you

11、 the photos we take together.take photos動作發(fā)生在過去，應用過去時.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.根據(jù)本句意義，should后應加上been，構成被動語態(tài)。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.   playing改為 play;  for 改為with2） 易混動詞使用錯誤a. I persuaded him to stop smoking,

12、but he didnt listen.persuade 意為“說服”，強調成功的結果，而根據(jù)下句 he   didnt listen可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應改persuaded為 advised.b. You please rise your hands.rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞，所以舉手應用  raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。3） 非謂語動詞使用錯誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.look forward to 中的t

13、o是介詞，應加動名詞，將see改為seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. （sth）.doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動詞原形，不能直接用to.8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞

14、、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。1） My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.2） In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To ones surprise 是固定搭配3） I thought that was dull to watch a game（NMET2005）此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結構

15、。4） the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：   not only but also為固定結構，故將and 改為but.5） I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty （in） doing sth.為固定結構6） He spends too much time play games.spend some time （in） doing sth.為固定結構（二） 句法的測試：1. 主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；I hope everything are

16、 ok with you.  are 改為is2. 名詞性從句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。 3. 定語從句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them改為 which4. 強調句型；It is/was +被強調的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the a

17、rmy.  when改為that5. 句子結構的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。（三）語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括：1.上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致；2.上下文中的代詞是否一致；3.上下文中的邏輯是否一致；4.上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。四、復習建議：除了多做改錯專項練習外，也要做與短文改錯題型相關的其他練習。比如：1.在平時寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學的習作，欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習作進行一下“改錯”。3.平時還可以多進行單句改錯練習，逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規(guī)律。（一）改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改，這一步很關鍵。這一步的目標

18、是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強調時間、地點、人物和事件四要素，在通讀全文理解全文的同時把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯誤先改好（二）分句閱讀，逐行找錯。在糾錯時要仔細地讀懂每一個句子，這時就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇（詳見考查要點）角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及   到以上錯誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。（三）做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習慣的問題。改錯真題1.（2011陜西卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）Last Sunday morning, when I was havi

19、ng a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actor. I didnt have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen everywhere. I was really

20、disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!2.（2011全國II）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）Dear George,It's been a week after we left your fam

21、ily and we are now   76._back home. Thank you very much for showing them around      77._your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After    78._we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C.,       

22、60;   79._where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond   80._of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying     81_another couple of day. However, my father had to return to     82._work on Monday so we fly back la

23、st Saturday afternoon. It     83_was really a nice experience. If you'd like to make trip to    84._our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._Yours,Mike3.（2011四川卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）Tom was having much troubles getting up in the

24、               66.               morning and was always late with work. His boss wanted to   67.        &

25、#160;                 fire him if he didnt start coming on time, but he went to          68.              

26、;            the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some                69.               &

27、#160;          medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.       70.                        

28、;  The man did is told and slept. leally will, wake up before       71.                          the alarm had even gone off. He had ti

29、me for a properly           72.                          breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. “Boss,” he 

30、;      73.                          said ,”that medicine really works!” “Im pleasing to hear         74. 

31、                         it ,” said his boss, “but where were you yesterday?”        4.（2011全國新課標卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）My summer travel starte

32、d terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had al

33、l my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.5.（2011重慶卷） 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1份，滿分10分）Today is Sunday.

34、 Ive  been in Canada for two months .This is the first time that Ive been away my family for such a       76.         long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive        

35、60;  77.         soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia, like         78.         many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became   

36、60;      79.         friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English      80.         is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we  

37、;         81.         usually talk a lot about our own family. Were both surprised        82.         that Chinese culture or Russian culture are

38、 so different. Now,        83.         we are planning a small party for the next Sunday. There , Katia      84.         will introduce me to some of her friend

39、s, one of who has been        85.         to China several times. I just cant wait.【答案】1.  Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favou

40、rite actor. I didnt have my making  actors camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately,  so/and  it by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen had everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to

41、 leave when he walked out a anywhere disappointed of building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!       have2.（2011全國II）76.after-since  77.them-u

42、s  78.for-with  79.正確  80.去掉much  81.staying-stay  82.day-days  83.fly-flew   84.trip前a  85.better-more3.（2011四川卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）66、改troubles為trouble       67、改with 為for      68、改but 為so

43、0;  69、去a        70、改them 為it       71、改wake為waking72、改properly為proper       73、reach前加to       74、改pleasing為pleased75、4.（2011全國新課標卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）My summer trav

44、el started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a buy改為buyingticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to here改為thereXiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag for后加A       

45、                   but改為andfrom the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange on改為in，was改為wereto travel without any luggages. Whe