初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法及練習(xí)

1、初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法及練習(xí)一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞， 常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān) 系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞, 主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi), 從句不可省去, 非限制

2、性定語(yǔ)從句 主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略, 作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。 (that作主語(yǔ))The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。 (that作賓語(yǔ))2. which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：The building which stands near

3、the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。 (作賓語(yǔ))3. who,whom用于指人,who用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是是英國(guó)人。 (作主語(yǔ))Who is the teacher(whom)Li

4、 Ming is talking to？ 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？(作賓語(yǔ)) 注意：(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞 在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用 “介詞+which/whom” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：This is the

5、 person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。(3)that作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many

6、,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few等詞修飾時(shí)， 只能用that， 而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remembe

7、r well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那 個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？f .主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：a.先行詞

8、為that，those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the des？k在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：This was the time when

9、he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。（3）why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。單項(xiàng)選擇：1. -Do you know the man _ is talking with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. wh

10、om2. Is this the river _ I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _ the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with wh

11、at I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. whichD who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B . whose C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. wh

12、ich；is B. whom；was C. who；is D. who；was9. I love places _ the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live inn.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their f