TEM8英語(yǔ)專業(yè)8級(jí)+翻譯輔導(dǎo)講座

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試翻譯輔導(dǎo)講座材料一、八級(jí)考試大綱對(duì)翻譯測(cè)試的要求和規(guī)定1、 測(cè)試目的：考察學(xué)生英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的互譯能力2、 題型：本題為主觀試題。分兩部分：第一部分漢譯英， 由300字左右的漢語(yǔ)短文組成，其中有150字左右的文字或段落用橫線標(biāo)出或用黑體字打印，要求考生將此部分譯成英語(yǔ)。第二部分英譯漢。由300個(gè)單詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文組成，其中150個(gè)左右單詞文字或段落用橫線標(biāo)出或用黑體字打印，要求考生將此部分譯成漢語(yǔ)。3、 測(cè)試要求：漢譯英要求考生運(yùn)用漢譯英理論與技巧，以每小時(shí)譯約250300漢字的速度將要求譯出的部分譯完，約150字左右。譯文要求忠實(shí)原文，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)通順流暢

2、。英譯漢要求考生運(yùn)用英譯漢理論與技巧，以每小時(shí)譯約250英語(yǔ)單詞的速度將要求譯出的部分譯完，約150單詞左右。譯文要求忠實(shí)原文，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)通順流暢。4、 考試時(shí)間：60分鐘，兩部分的寫作時(shí)間可互相調(diào)劑使用。二、考試項(xiàng)目、時(shí)間、題數(shù)及分?jǐn)?shù) 三、翻譯原文的主要文體及話題 主要問題為散文、議論文和政論文。 漢語(yǔ)散文的特點(diǎn)是形散神不散。所以在翻譯成英文時(shí)，要適當(dāng)增加英語(yǔ)連詞、副詞等以使語(yǔ)句連貫，意義完整。議論文既有描述，又有議論，夾敘夾議。注意時(shí)態(tài)變化和習(xí)慣用法。政論文往往語(yǔ)句較長(zhǎng)，且不時(shí)地用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以在翻譯時(shí)，語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)要作調(diào)整，語(yǔ)態(tài)要作變化。話題涉及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，人生感悟，教育批評(píng)，讀書學(xué)習(xí)等。四、翻

3、譯中的關(guān)鍵問題 一）理解問題：1. 詞匯量問題：生詞；熟詞的多義性；粗心大意弄錯(cuò)詞a. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. * 我 （妒忌）每場(chǎng)婚禮，因?yàn)樗馕吨?yīng)桔子花，這么多金色的水果的希望就砍斷了。b. It was tempting to say that Sept 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that

4、every hero needs a villain, and goodness needs evil as its grinding stone. But try to look a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come of this. * 令人引誘的說(shuō)出9.11事件改變了這一切，正如（ ）英雄需要惡棍來(lái)陪襯，善良需要邪惡來(lái)作為磨刀石。但是盡力看看窗戶外面，再談從中而來(lái)的好處。1) 生詞解決辦法：a. 擴(kuò)充詞匯量， 按大綱8級(jí)要掌握英語(yǔ)詞匯1300015000。b. 大膽猜測(cè)不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞-根據(jù)上下文, 構(gòu)

5、詞法等At first I attributed this new habit to advancing age-I had recently turned 40-and glumly concluded that I was becoming morbid. But why, then, was I finding my secret rite so uplifting?起初，我將這個(gè)習(xí)慣歸咎于年歲漸增的緣故（當(dāng)時(shí)我剛40歲），所以我悲哀地認(rèn)為這是一種病態(tài)心理。可是究竟為什么我竟對(duì)這個(gè)秘密儀式如此興味盎然呢？2) 熟詞多義性確定詞義的辦法：a. 根據(jù)不同搭配b. 根據(jù)上下文c. 根據(jù)邏輯意義

6、 A winner can be spontaneous. He does not have to respond in predetermined, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it.* 一個(gè)成功者可以是自發(fā)的/ 天生的。 （能夠順勢(shì)而發(fā)。）他不以事先設(shè)定的呆板的方式應(yīng)對(duì)事情。他能根據(jù)形勢(shì)需要改變計(jì)劃。 I believe the eight dead journalists are policy.* 我相信那八個(gè)死去的記者是政策。（八個(gè)記者的死亡是有計(jì)劃的謀殺。）2. 語(yǔ)法問題：理不出主謂

7、賓；弄不清詞之間修飾和限定的關(guān)系 （見下例）3. 復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)問題：1） 找不出主干2） 理不出分支3） 弄不清層次4） 理不清關(guān)系（或邏輯） a. It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it. * 很奇怪地看到美國(guó)人多么熱情地追求財(cái)富，多么受到陰影懷疑的折磨

8、，他們可能沒有選擇最短的道路獲得財(cái)富。 主干：to watch is odd. 第一層分支：watch后的賓語(yǔ)從句： what feverish ardor the Americans(感嘆句) and how they are ever tormentedto get it. （感嘆句）第二層分支：suspicion 后帶定語(yǔ)從句 that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.4文化知識(shí)問題：對(duì)詞或詞組望文生義，不知其所蘊(yùn)涵的文化意義。 a. In certain remote corners of Old World

9、you may sometimes stumble upon little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult and which have stayed still while all around them moves. * 在古老的世界的某些遙遠(yuǎn)的角落，有時(shí)你會(huì)碰見一些看起來(lái)在普遍喧鬧中被遺忘的小地方，周圍都在運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們卻靜止著。 b. Martin Buber expresses this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on h

10、is deathbed sees himself as loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasnt Moses; he will be asked why he wasnt himself. * 馬丁.布伯當(dāng)他重述一個(gè)猶太大博士（兔子）在死的時(shí)候認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)失敗者的故事表明了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。這個(gè)大博士哀悼道，在要到來(lái)的世界里，他將不會(huì)被人們?yōu)槭裁此皇悄λ梗獱査梗?，而?huì)被問為什么他不是他自己。 二）表達(dá)問題1. 用詞不當(dāng)，因詞害義2句式不符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣a. In

11、 certain remote corners of Old World you may sometimes stumble upon little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult and which have stayed still while all around them moves.* 在古老的世界的某些遙遠(yuǎn)的角落，有時(shí)你會(huì)碰見一些看起來(lái)在普遍喧鬧中被遺忘的小地方，周圍都在運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們卻靜止著。b. A winner is not afraid to do his thinking an

12、d to use his own knowledge.* 一個(gè)成功者不害怕獨(dú)立思考和用他自己的知識(shí)。c. 這王冕天生聰明，年紀(jì)不滿二十歲，就把那天文、地理、經(jīng)史上的大學(xué)問無(wú)一不精通。* This Wang Mian was born with genius. He was less than 20 years old and no one he did not know to the great learning in astronomy, geography, the economy and history.Cf. Wang Mian had genius/ was born with ge

13、nius. While still in his teens, he mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history.五、翻譯實(shí)例分析一）英譯漢1. 英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯要點(diǎn)：理解：捋出主干，梳理分支；分清層次，理清關(guān)系；把握篇章，弄清含義。表達(dá)：長(zhǎng)句分譯，轉(zhuǎn)換調(diào)整；條件因果，先分后總；選詞造句；注意邏輯；詞句表達(dá)，習(xí)慣第一。A. 實(shí)例分析1） Sept.11 delivered both a shock and a surprise- the attack, and our response to

14、 it- and we can argue forever over which mattered more.“911” 事件既令人感到震驚，也令人感到意外。震驚的是攻擊事件本身，意外的是我們對(duì)事件的反應(yīng)。至于說(shuō)這兩者哪個(gè)更重要，人們也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)爭(zhēng)論下去。2）The study, published in the current issue of the Journal of Experiment Education, found significant increases in ninth-grade math test score among the students who had spe

15、nt early grades in smaller classes, with the gains even more pronounced among minority students. (40words) 發(fā)表在最近一期實(shí)驗(yàn)教育雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些在低年級(jí)以小班上課的學(xué)生在九年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試的成績(jī)有明顯的提高，尤其是少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生的提高更為明顯。3）Lulled by the gentle motion and soothed by the rippling music of the waves the babies soon fell asleep.船兒輕輕搖蕩，波聲潺潺悅耳，小孩

16、們很快就進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。l 翻譯方法：1） 順序法Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.人類把自己和其它動(dòng)物區(qū)別開來(lái)。與此同時(shí)，人類還具有

17、觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力。他們要么適應(yīng)環(huán)境，要么控制環(huán)境，或根據(jù)自身的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就這樣一代代生存下來(lái)。2） 逆序法And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.由于收到頑強(qiáng)地抵

18、抗，吹噓能在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就占領(lǐng)戰(zhàn)略要地的敵人甚至還沒能占領(lǐng)外圍地帶，這一事實(shí)使我增強(qiáng)了信心。3） 分譯法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held super

19、iority in the House.在關(guān)于昨天選舉結(jié)果地新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，總統(tǒng)說(shuō)他解釋不了為什么共和黨如此大的慘敗。 這種情況最終會(huì)使共和黨失去在眾議院中長(zhǎng)期享有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。4） 綜合法But without Adolf Hitler who was possessed of demonic personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination anduntil toward the end, when drunk with

20、 power and success, he over reached himselfan amazing capacity to size up people and situations there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.然而，如果沒有阿道夫.希特勒， 那就幾乎可以肯定不會(huì)有第三帝國(guó)。 因?yàn)橄Ｌ乩沼兄鴲耗О愕男愿?、花崗石般的意志、不可思議的本能，無(wú)情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深遠(yuǎn)的想像力以及對(duì)人和局勢(shì)驚人的判斷力。最后由于權(quán)力和勝利沖昏了頭腦而自不量力，所以終遭慘敗。 2. 篇章翻譯首先快速通讀整篇原文（包括沒劃

21、線的部分）一遍，弄清文章的話題及要旨，以確定遣詞造句的文體風(fēng)格。然后精讀需要翻譯的劃線部分，弄清每個(gè)句子意思和句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)適當(dāng)增添必要的連接詞語(yǔ)或省略不必譯出的連接詞。最后，將譯文默讀一遍，看意義是否忠實(shí)原文，語(yǔ)句是否通順流暢。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood wou

22、ld have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but

23、 he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends

24、on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “the pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We deman

25、d it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are f

26、ree, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 努力乃其實(shí)質(zhì)。除了征服需畢生為之努力的困難外（如果不努力迎戰(zhàn)人生中的困難），（也就）沒有任何快樂可言。正如葉芝所言，除了不可為的事情外，我們一生所獲得的滿足有多大，則取決于我們所選擇的困難有多強(qiáng)。羅怕特·弗羅斯特在談及“承受痛苦時(shí)的快樂”（“努力時(shí)的快樂”/ “辛苦時(shí)的甜蜜”）時(shí)，其意相近（此話與葉芝所言幾乎如同一撤）。社會(huì)上宣揚(yáng)那

27、種幸福觀的致命缺陷就在于聲稱幸福是無(wú)需努力即可獲得的。我們即使在玩游戲的時(shí)候也需要有困難，因?yàn)闆]有難度，就談不上游戲。所謂游戲，就是為了從某事中取樂而使之變得很難的一種方式（游戲就是要設(shè)置困難而從中獲取樂趣的一種方式）。制定訂游戲規(guī)則是任意地施加難度（游戲規(guī)則就是施以強(qiáng)制性的困難）。若有人破壞（敗壞）了游戲的樂趣，通常是因?yàn)樗芙^按規(guī)則進(jìn)行（那一定是他在玩時(shí)不遵守游戲規(guī)則所致）。如果可以自由隨意地改變規(guī)則，你會(huì)更容易（較輕易）地贏得棋賽（棋局），但是，樂趣源于在規(guī)則內(nèi)取勝。沒有了難度（困難），也就沒有了樂趣。 If people mean anything at all by the expr

28、ession "untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely - a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life

29、 was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as fa

30、ilures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.如果人們?cè)谑褂谩八啦环陼r(shí)”這一表達(dá)時(shí)確有所指的話，那他們一定是認(rèn)為有些人去世的日子比另外一些人更為適宜。人門幾乎從不把老年人的去世稱作是“死不逢時(shí)”，原因是人們一般認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)壽意味著生命圓滿。但是當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人

31、不幸謝世人們就會(huì)假想其一生中最美好的歲月還在后頭，對(duì)其一生的評(píng)價(jià)仍有待作出。 歷史當(dāng)然不認(rèn)同這種想法。提起早逝的杰出人物，人們會(huì)想起瑪麗蓮.夢(mèng)露和詹姆土迪恩。他們的生命雖然短暫，卻同樣完滿。作家們無(wú)法承受約翰.濟(jì)慈二十六歲就英年早逝的事實(shí)，當(dāng)他們過(guò)了那個(gè)年齡時(shí)只是半開玩笑地評(píng)判自己碌碌無(wú)為。倘若我們認(rèn)為一個(gè)人因?yàn)榘胪矩舱劬褪鞘聵I(yè)未竟，是十分荒謬的，因?yàn)楹饬可臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)是其留給世界的影響以及它的強(qiáng)度和美德。（對(duì)以上譯文你也可以提出自己的譯法）二）漢譯英1. 句子翻譯A. 外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯 在漢語(yǔ)中，獨(dú)立于句外，同時(shí)又和句中的某個(gè)成分指同一事物的成分叫做外位語(yǔ)。1） 對(duì)應(yīng)法，即套用漢語(yǔ)含有外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

32、的句子的框架。把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國(guó)的具體實(shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái)，走自己的道路，建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義,這是我們總結(jié)長(zhǎng)期歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的基本結(jié)論。To integrate the universal truth of Marxism with concrete realities of China, blaze a path of our own and build socialism with Chinese characteristics- this is the basic conclusion we have reached in summing up the long historica

33、l experience.2) 拆句法， 即將外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子或并列分句。 健全自己的身體，保持合理的規(guī)律生活，這是自我修養(yǎng)的物資基礎(chǔ)。 Keep fit, lead a reasonable and regular life. This is the material basis for training.3) 還原法，即把外位結(jié)構(gòu)改變成句中一個(gè)成分。 能不能盡快地把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去， 這是關(guān)系到社會(huì)主義建設(shè)全局，關(guān)系到我們國(guó)家命運(yùn)與前途的大問題。 Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as

34、possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.4）轉(zhuǎn)化法， 即將外位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞從句或不定式短語(yǔ)， 置于作邏輯主語(yǔ)，而用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 敵人的武力是不能征服我們的，這點(diǎn)已經(jīng)得到證明了。 It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms.B. 無(wú)主句的翻譯 在漢語(yǔ)中，只有謂語(yǔ)部分而沒有主語(yǔ)部分的句子

35、叫無(wú)主句。這是漢語(yǔ)中特有的一種句型。1） 譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)a.書的封面上印著一個(gè)獵人的像。The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover of the book.b. 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，一定得改正。 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.2） 采用 There + be, It +be +to 等結(jié)構(gòu)a. 沒有順利，無(wú)所謂困難；沒有困難，也無(wú)所謂順利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there

36、 would be also no facility.b. 究竟能不能鞏固呢? Is it possible to consolidate them? 3) 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序在游廊得最左端，靠近一道門，卻坐著一位將近三十歲的男子。Close by the door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty. 4) 選用適當(dāng)?shù)拿~或代詞補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)a. 弄得不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost.b. 不承認(rèn)這

37、一條真理，就不是唯物主義者。 Anyone who does not recognize this truth is no materialist.C. “把”字句的翻譯 漢語(yǔ)“把”字句在結(jié)構(gòu)上用特殊介詞“把”字將賓語(yǔ)引出，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前而構(gòu)成的一種漢語(yǔ)特有的句型。在意義和作用上，“把”字句是主動(dòng)句，主要表達(dá)主語(yǔ)怎么“處置”的意思，另外還表達(dá)“致使”、“對(duì)待”等含意。 1） 含“處置”意思的“把”字句：利用英語(yǔ)“動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯。 我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆過(guò)了。 A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.2) 含有“

38、致使”意思的“把”字句：賓語(yǔ)之后接“忙”、“累”、“急”、“氣”、“嚇”等加上補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 你怎么來(lái)得這么晚？真把人急死啦！ Why are you so late? We were worried to death about you.3) 表示“把甲當(dāng)乙”的“把”字句：利用英語(yǔ)“動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)as/ for 賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯。村里人不把我當(dāng)外人。People in the village didnt treat me as a stranger.4) 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的“把”字句：英譯時(shí)，雙賓都置于動(dòng)詞之后?？捎谩皠?dòng)詞間賓直賓”或“動(dòng)詞直賓to +間賓”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯。a. 我們把水泵借給他們了。We lent

39、 them the pumps.b. 他們把消息告訴了他們遇到的每一個(gè)人。They told the news to everybody they met. D 漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯 漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句與英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句在結(jié)構(gòu)上不同。英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句是由主干分支，即主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展而來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)重形合，句子再長(zhǎng)，只含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)（主句的），統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全句，其它成分往往通過(guò)各種連接手段（如使用介詞、連詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞等）同主謂成分掛鉤建句。而漢語(yǔ)重意合，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散，如行云流水，句子主謂較難辨認(rèn)，尤其長(zhǎng)句如此。句子之間常常缺乏應(yīng)有的連接詞將其相連，所以句子及語(yǔ)篇要靠邏輯意義和邏輯順序來(lái)維系。在時(shí)間上重視時(shí)間的先后順序，在邏輯上重

40、視前后因果關(guān)系。 漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句翻譯可采取如下三種方法：1） 原序翻譯上海針織公司由3個(gè)企業(yè)組成， 生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大，且擁有眾多的名牌產(chǎn)品， 如“菊花牌”、“鵝牌”和“三槍牌, 公司每年銷售額達(dá)13億人民幣。 Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale, and with several well-known local bands such as “Chrysanthemem”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual s

41、ales volume of about 1.3billion yuan RMB. 2) 分譯 （拆譯或斷句）a. 含疑問、感嘆或反詰句盛夏炎日，一走進(jìn)浙江莫干山的林間小道就汗止心涼， 加上清風(fēng)拂煦，渾身有說(shuō)不出的舒坦，忍不住要贊嘆一聲：莫干山，好一個(gè)清涼世界！No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trial through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In additio

42、n, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!b. 含比方句以農(nóng)民為例，他們更樂于使用科學(xué)種田法， 由于種植雜交水稻面積的增加，單位面積的產(chǎn)量也增加了。Take the peasants for example. They are now more eager to use scientific methods for farming. The amount of land devoted to hybrid rice has risen so that the per-mu yield has gone up

43、 considerably.c. 含概括句災(zāi)難深重的中華民族，一百年來(lái)，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前仆后繼，摸索救國(guó)救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughter of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. T

44、his moves us to songs and tears.d. 含對(duì)立句 與會(huì)者對(duì)這個(gè)問題的觀點(diǎn)差別太大，以致發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵，一時(shí)會(huì)場(chǎng)的氣氛緊張起來(lái)。 The opinions of the attendants were far from unanimous about this issue so that some of them began to quarrel with each other. The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.e. 含有多層意義 漫步山間時(shí)，聽得四處竹林間的潺潺泉聲，眾多的細(xì)泉匯成一條狹

45、長(zhǎng)而深邃的小溪，順山勢(shì)而下，及至懸崖處，猛然跌落二、三丈，形成一瀑布，水珠飛濺，涼透肌膚。 Strolling along the path you can hear spring singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. Several little springs assemble into a narrow but deep little river, running along the mountainside. Meeting a small cliff, it falls down twenty or thirty feet with dro

46、ps splashing, forming a thin water curtain which gently covers your skin. 3) 變序翻譯凡外商投資企業(yè)有能力也愿意與天津市工業(yè)企業(yè)通過(guò)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、引進(jìn)人才、技術(shù)幫助、經(jīng)濟(jì)支持等途徑共同開發(fā)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營(yíng)以外的制成品， 特別是開發(fā)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品和精細(xì)化工產(chǎn)品， 并通過(guò)外方的銷售渠道直接為外國(guó)公司提供制成品， 可以向市外經(jīng)貿(mào)委申請(qǐng)擴(kuò)大聯(lián)合開發(fā)的業(yè)務(wù)。Where an enterprise is willing and able to develop the finished products that are not subject

47、to the unified operation by the State through joint efforts with the industrial enterprises in Tianjin, particularly in respect of machinery and electronic products and refined chemical products, by means of technology transfer, introduction of technical personnel, technical assistance and economic

48、support, and to provide for foreign companies the finished products through the sales channel of the foreign parties, they may apply to the Municipal Commission of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade for the expansion of the business of joint development.豐收年多積累一點(diǎn)，災(zāi)荒年或半災(zāi)荒年就不積累或者少積累一點(diǎn)。Accumulate more

49、 in good years and less or none in years when the crops half fail or totally fail2. 篇章翻譯弄清原意，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)，靈活掌握，適當(dāng)替代；語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂完整，語(yǔ)序排列，適當(dāng)調(diào)整；書寫規(guī)范，標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。范例分析Part IV Translation A. Chinese to English: 1. 大自然對(duì)人的恩賜，無(wú)論貧富，一律平等，所以人們對(duì)于大自然，全都一致并深深地依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年來(lái)人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場(chǎng)拉琴

50、、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨的家園。這樣, 每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說(shuō)，風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來(lái)。(2002)如下這篇翻譯你覺得如何？可以打多少分？（滿分為10分）The great nature gives the people charity equally, no matter they are rich or poor. So people to the great nature, all of them depend on it deeply. Especially in the countryside, people have been living a changeless l

51、ife since a thousand years. Plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, raise and milk cows, weed and cultivate flowers; on weekends go to church for prayers and religions services; during the holidays play the musical instrument and dance and sing in the square. The countryside of the past days st

52、ill are todays happy home yard. Thus every place has its own legend, and its customs pass on.斜體字部分是有問題的，你發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么問題？The great nature gives the people charity equally, no matter they are rich or poor. So people to the great nature, all of them depend on it deeply. Especially in the countryside, people h

53、ave been living a changeless life since a thousand years. Plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, raise and milk cows, weed and cultivate flowers; on weekends go to church for prayers and religions services; during the holidays play the musical instrument and dance and sing in the square. The c

54、ountryside of the past days still are todays happy homeyard. Thus every place has its own legend, and its customs pass on.參考譯文：注意語(yǔ)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和措辭Nature favors people alike, whether they are rich and poor. Thus all people depend on it, unanimously and profoundly. Especially in the countryside, people have be

55、en living a changeless life for thousands of years: planting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wine, raising and milking cows, weeding and cultivating flowers; going to church on weekends for prayers and religions services; playing the musical instrument, dancing and singing on the square durin

56、g the holidays. The countryside of the past days remains to be the beloved homeland of today. Thus, each place has its own legend, and subsequently, its customs pass on from generation to the next.2. 得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打人冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。我在山坡的小屋里

57、，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。dote on /upon sb.make a pet of sb.love me too muchhave my way at homebe self-willed/ willfulcan do anything I likeisolated and confined (not: separated or segregated or be taken into custody)be neglected and become very depressed (not: be put into t