高中英語必修五知識點

1、高中英語必修五知識點Unit 1 Great scientists一重點短語1.face the music 面對命運對你的不公平2.absorbinto 吸收，理解接受，吞并 be absorbed in全神貫注于, 專心致志于be lost in thought想得出神 沉思于be engaged in 從事于忙于be concentrated on 集中注意力3.make a suggestiongive an advicemake the investigation 4.look into 調查 看 瀏覽5.slow down 減緩6.relate to 有關 涉及7.link to

2、有關聯系8.die out 滅絕；die of 死于；die from死于9.his career came to an end. 他的事業(yè)結束了。10.develop a severe illness 染上很嚴重的疾病11.make a new career 創(chuàng)立新的事業(yè)12.apart from 除了13.two more example =another two另外兩個14.make a face 做鬼臉make ones way to 轉向 向出發(fā)，朝走去make up ones mind下定決心make friendsmake the bedmake sure確定make room

3、for為.騰空間15.lead to 領導16.only 修飾主語不倒裝，狀語要倒裝 If only 但愿 要是 Only if只有.（要倒裝） only if you use this way can you 17.make sense 有意義 講得通in a sense 有點.make sense of 搞清楚 弄明白in no sense 絕不 ；不可能22. at times 時不時 有時 At a time 每一次 From time to time 時而不時的 At one time 曾經一度 For the time being 暫時 Ahead of time 提前 All t

4、he time 一直 At all times總是 隨時 At any time 無論何時 At no time 決不 Out of time 不合時宜的23.suspect sb of do sth懷疑某人做某事24.look into 調查25.look ahead 向前看 展望未來look around for 參觀 四處看看look away from 把目光從移開look back (at) 回顧 回憶look out (for) 留心 當心look up to 尊敬 欽佩look though 檢查 瀏覽32.go down 下降33.slow down 慢下來 放慢速度33.kn

5、ock down 擊倒34.tear down 拆毀 拆除35.know about 了解；know of 聽說過36.pass sth from 從處傳來, 傳下 pass by 路過, 經過 pass down 把傳下去 pass on 傳遞, 傳授37. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法38.put forward 提出建議， 推薦某人或者自己任職，提名；時鐘往前撥39.by the way 順便說 by way of 通過 的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way 沒門，別想 feel ones way 摸索著走 謹慎

6、從事 on ones way to 在去的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用這種方法40.put away 拋棄;舍棄 put down 寫下來; 記入名單put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽誤; 延期put out 熄滅(燈); 撲滅 (火) put up 建立; 建造put up with 忍受 41.be expert at/in sth 某方面的專家42.expose A to B 使A暴露于B；A be exposed to B A 暴露于B43.be severe with/on sth 對嚴格44.be

7、to blame 應該受到責備 blame sb for sth 因責備某人 blame sth on sb 把.歸咎于某人45.at ease 舒適 快活 自由自在ease off 減輕痛苦，緊張狀態(tài)，緩和，放松46.cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病 cure for sth 治療的方法47.have sb do sth= get sb to do sth 讓某人做某事have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth讓某人一直做某事二重點語法-過去分詞做定語和表語1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw

8、away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way = a wa

9、y that is organized affected area 災區(qū) = the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in

10、London. 定語2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語 Past Participle as the Attribute 定語 Past Participle as the Predicative 表語1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2

11、.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.t

12、he audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and

13、 brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒去過北京)及物動詞的過去分詞表示結束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關系。 polluted water = water which is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped 不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動，只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結束之含義

14、。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen 過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。 The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never

15、been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒過北京.The book _written by the farmer (一本農民寫的書) is very popular.The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty bo

16、y被那個頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽光下的) got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴厲懲罰的) is now a college student.The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.The E

17、nglish today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請去參加聚會的) were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關系且過去分詞表示的動作已完成?，F在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關系

18、。不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.2）作表語 表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動詞的過去分詞已經被當作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。Dont get so excited. 別這么激動。1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時相當于一個形容詞。2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強,

19、句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。 How did the audience recei

20、ve the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 現在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別 現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義 現在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成 a moving movie 感人的電影

21、 a moved audience 被感動的觀眾 boiling water 正在燒(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達國家 falling leaves 落葉(正在進行) fallen leaves 落葉(已經完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road co

22、mpleted yesterday is leading to Tibet.Unit 2 The United Kingdom一重點短語1.keep your eyes open 睜大你的眼睛2.consist of由組成= be made up of；consist in 存在于3.leave out省去 不考慮 遺漏4.divide into 分成pare A with B 與比compare A to B 把A比作B6.prepare to 準備7.work out 做出 解決 設計出 計算出 鍛煉開采完 發(fā)展 進行work on對.起作用；企圖影響或說服，忙于work in 在工作wo

23、rk off 漸漸消除 處理 排除 賣掉 發(fā)泄8.familiar with熟悉9.worried about the time available擔心時間不夠10.make a list of 列出關于的清單11.on special occasions 在特殊的場合12.the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年歷史的制服定語 不加“s”13.set the world time設置世界時間14.on either side of the line 在線的兩端15.fall asleep入睡16.with delight 十分喜悅的17.know abou

24、t 了解 be known as 作而出名 be known for 因而著名as far as one knows據某人所知19.take the place of = replace代替 = take sbs place代替某人 take place 發(fā)生，舉行 in place of = instead of 代替20.clarify ones stand/ position 闡明某人的立場clarify matters 澄清真相21.puzzle over 苦思； be in a puzzle about 對不解； 人 puzzled；物 puzzling22.be in/come i

25、nto conflict with 與沖突/矛盾23.be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事24.attract sb. 吸引某人 attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力25.look around 參觀，四處看26.pick up 撿二重點語法-過去分詞作賓補用法歸納英語中過去分詞可作賓補，（此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞）表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的

26、關系，表一種狀態(tài)。)一 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的后面。Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看）Don't leave such an important thing undone.Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.二過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A）表&quo

27、t;讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做"eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受.影響，蒙受. 損失"Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2."make

28、+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結構中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結果含義的。如：They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如When we got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain

29、drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補。如The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to

30、 his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語賓補”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.With everything well arranged,he left the office

31、.六、過去分詞、現在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別?，F在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系。其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。eg:He didn't notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the son

32、g in English. Unit 3 Life in the future一重點短語1.suffer+pain /lost 遭受疼痛suffer from +illness2.remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事3.as a result單獨放句首應道原因狀語；as a result of =n./n(短語)4.feel unsettled 感到不安unsettled problem為解決的問題unsettled weather 易變化的天氣5.just as 正當6.make the necessary adjustment to做必要的調整（to 介詞）7.be bac

33、k on ones feet 恢復8.a small room nearby for a rest在一個附近的小房子里休息Nearby 做后置定語In the neighborhood 在附近9.press down 向下按壓10.fasten the safety belt 系上安全帶11.lost sight of 看不見 在視野之外12.at first sight 初次看到 乍一看13.in all directions =in every direction四面八方14.sweep up 席卷15.show sb into 帶某人進入16.be made of 由什么制成be mad

34、e into 制成.be made from由.所制成的 用于原材料不易看出的場合17.provide with 提供18.flash a switch 按下按鈕19.switcharound 轉變 改變20.on the timetable 在時刻表上21.as if by magic 好像變魔術一樣22.slide into 滑進23.run into 偶遇 撞上24.overcome the difficulties 克服困難25.bend ones mind/effort/thought to 集中.做26.bend the rules 放寬規(guī)則 通融27.be astonished

35、at對.感到驚訝28.connect to 聯系29.a long passage 一個長長的通道30.a desert island 一個荒涼的小島31.force to do 強迫32.perform task實施任務33.my mind began to wander 我的思維開始遐想34.be greedy for對渴望 貪婪in five days將來five days late 之前二重點語法：過分作狀語Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their exp

36、ertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構成被動關系，表示被動和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, fo

37、llowed by a group of young people .1 作原因狀語，等于as / since / because 引導從句Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作時間狀語，等于when 引導時間從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時間意義更明確。When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill

38、,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導從句 Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention .Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴隨狀語The

39、 actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in thought .5 作讓步狀語Much tired ,he still kept on working .（Although he was tired ,) he .6 獨立主格結構： 當分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。常用來表示伴隨情況。The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .All things con

40、sidered ,your article is of great value than hers .Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : United we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his

41、 expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time,4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was t

42、ranslated into Chinese,5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home.現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語現在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，；而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動關系。 Seeing these pictures

43、, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see) 選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如： Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。 Using the book, I find it us

44、eful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現這本書很有用注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài) be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devoted to be supposed to be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be determined to2.不與主語保持一致的固定結構 generally speaking一般說來strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴格地說/坦白地說 judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看 tak

45、ing all things into consideration全面看來例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的動作）Unit 4 Making the news一重點短語1.go out on a article 外出采訪2.submit the article 提交文章3.take with戴上4.be eager to do 期待做.5.update my

46、 skill更新我的技能6.take an amateur course 參加業(yè)余課程7.acquire all the information獲得所有的信息8. tell the whole truth 講訴所有的事實9.inform sb of sth 通知某人某事10.keep in mind 記住11.make sure 確定12.depend on 取決于13.a trick of the trade職業(yè)訣竅14.accuse of 控告15.score goal得分進球16.so as to 為了17.deny doing 拒絕18.be proved right 被證明是對的19

47、.look forward to 期待20.as the old saying goes 就像我們所說的一樣21.ahead of 前面22.set to work 開始工作23.get down to開始認真去做 著手去做24.pass sth to sb 把某物傳給某人25.check the evidence 核對證據26.a good front page article 頭版頭條27.get the fact straight 直接得出事實28.previous to 在之前29.be surrounded by/ with 被包圍30.lose sight of/ out of s

48、ight 看不見 catch sight of / in sight 看見 at the sight of 一看 （連詞作用）31.sweep up 掃除, 打掃32.switch off=turn off 關掉(電燈或電器)switch on=turn on 打開switch from A to B 由A轉變?yōu)锽33.slide into 溜進（悄聲地）34.be overcome by ( anger, grief) 被（感情）壓倒35.remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事Vt. remind sb to do sth 提醒remind sb that 使想起重點語法-倒裝句倒

49、裝句的定義：英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。 如果把謂語動詞放在主語前面，就叫做倒裝。 2. 倒裝句的構成a) 完全倒裝    將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，稱之為完全倒裝。Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎？Now comes the chance. 機會來了。b) 部分倒裝    只將助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如：Has he come? 他來了嗎？Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難

50、得像在這里這么舒服。Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。 3. 倒裝的原因a) 句子語法結構的需要。例如：Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會議了嗎？Long live peace! 和平萬歲！ b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。c）強調的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動。例如：Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。Before us lay

51、 a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。4. 倒裝句的基本用法a) 構成疑問句（除對主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外）：When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時候喝你們的喜酒?Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中: Away went the crowd one

52、 by one. 人們一個一個地離去。Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了！c) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時:Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時他才認識到自己的錯誤。Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學好數學。 d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no soonerthan等）放在句首時:Little did I think that he could be back alive

53、. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火車剛一進站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。He hasnt b

54、een to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農村，他也不想去那里。f) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首: Thus ended his life. 這樣結束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。2. so作“也”講時，引導的句子用倒裝語序，例如：He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了，我也去了。如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結果的意思，句子就要用正常語序。例如：His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。“He is a tall thin man.”  “So he i