英語語言學(xué)精品考研試題

1、Model Test 1I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. ( ) The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics. A. particularB. genera

2、lC. ordinaryD. generative 2. ( ) _ can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language.A. Phones B. SoundsC. Phonemes D. Speech sounds 3. ( ) The two clauses in a _ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence.A. simple B. complete C. complex D. coordinate 4. ( ) What

3、 is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a _ system of grammatical knowledge.A. phrase B. sentenceC. ruleD. symbol 5. ( ) “I like this shirt very much.” has _ arguments. A. one B. twoC. three D. four 6. ( ) If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of

4、communication, it becomes _.A. a sentence B. an actC. a unit D. an utterance7. ( ) _ involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments.A. Apocope B. EpenthesisC. MetathesisD. Assimilation 8. ( ) The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a varie

5、ty of speech communities and indifferent social situations. A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguistics C. historical linguistics D. general linguistics 9. ( ) For_, thinking was a system of movements that had been reduced from actual speech to the point where they were no longer visible.A. WatsonB. Pl

6、atoC. AristotleD. Bloomfield 10. ( ) The meaning of a word or phrase depends largely on the communicative_. A. content B. contextC. responseD. answer II. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that

7、you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%) 11. Language is a system consisting of two s_ of structures, or two levels. 12. English is an i_ language. 13. The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word are called p_. 14. Words and phrases

8、 are organized according to the syntactic c_. 15. P_ structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phrases form sentences, and so on. 16. P_ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 17. Most of the violations of the fou

9、r maxims give rise to c_ implicatures. 18. Many languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of f_. 19. The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h_, one on the right and one on the left. 20. When we listen, the word

10、is heard and comprehended via W_ area. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%

11、5;10=20%) 21. ( ) In linguistics, as in any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation.22. ( ) Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.23. ( ) Distinctive features are the same to any language. 24. ( ) One of the clauses in a coordinate sent

12、ence is subordinate to the other. 25. ( ) In English and many other languages, the subject usually follows the verb and the direct object usually precedes the verb. 26. ( ) Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s. 27. ( ) The most vigorous and on going

13、 change in the historical development of a language is the change in its vocabulary. 28. ( ) A creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community. 29. ( ) Aristotle suggested that thought was the soul's discourse with itself. 30 .( )

14、SLA stands for second language acquisition. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31. design features 32. free morpheme 33. synonymy 34. predication 35. slang 36. Move 37. semantic shift38. speech community39. cerebral cortex40. over

15、t thoughtV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41. Why is productivity unique to language? 42. How is Saussure's distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky's distinstion between competence and performance? Model Test 2I. Directions: Read each of the following stat

16、ements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. ( ) A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. back B. centralC. front D. middle2. ( )

17、The open, back and long vowel is _. A.i:B.:C.:D.u: 3. ( ) An embedded clause functions as a _ unit in its matrix clause.A. structuralB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. linear 4. ( ) Phrase structure rules have _ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. double D. many5. ( ) Dialectal synonyms are synonyms use

18、d in different _ dialects. A. personal B. regionalC. socialD. professional6. ( ) _ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.A. Pragmatics B. PragmatismC. PhonologyD. Practicalism 7. ( ) Language change is universal, continuous and, to a considerabl

19、e extent _. A. regular but not systematicB. irregular and systematicC. regular and systematicD. irregular but systematic 8. ( ) To date, about _ language families have been documented in historical linguistic literature.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty D. sixty 9. ( ) Language disorder resulting from a dam

20、age to _ area in the brain reveals word- finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. Wernicke's B. Broca'sC. Gage's D. Genie's10. ( ) The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences. A. morphologic

21、alB. grammaticalC. linguistic D. syntactic II. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%) 11.

22、 IPA stands for International Phonetic A_. 12. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s_ features. 13. Semantically, the meaning of a c_ is often idiomatic, not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components. 14. Phrase structure rules, with the ins

23、ertion of the l_, generate sentences at the level of D structure. 15. In semantic analysis, p_ is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. 16. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different r_ in different situations. 17. C_ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexica

24、l unit. 18. P_ studies language in relation to the mind. 19. Research has shown that different aspects of language processing appear to be more characteristic of the l_ hemisphere than the other. 20. The development of a first or native language is called first language a _. . Directions: Judge whet

25、her each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) 21. ( ) The writing system of any language is always

26、a later invention, used to record the speech. 22. ( ) Both phonology and phonetics are studies of speech sounds. 23. ( ) The root of a word is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 24. ( ) Some languages have ways of referring to some entity, some languages don't. 25. ( ) Reference is the as

27、pect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in. 26. ( ) A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. 27. ( ) Historical linguistics studies language change. 28. ( ) SAE stands for Standard American English. 29. ( ) The language system

28、provides all specifics of one's world view. 30. ( ) A large proportion of grammatical errors in second language acquisition can be explained by mother tongue interference. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31. narrow transcri

29、ption 32. simple sentence 33. hyponymy 34. compounding 35. euphemism 36. morpheme 37. reference 38. context39. creole 40. subvocal speechV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study? 42. Why is syntax regarded as a s

30、ystem of rules? Model Test 3I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. ( ) A scientific study of language is based on the _ investigation of lang

31、uage data.A. symbolicB. systemicC. systematicD. system2. ( ) _ are sometimes called “semivowels”. A. vowels B. fricativeC. glidesD. nasals3. ( ) _ is a typical tone language.A. EnglishB. ChineseC. French D. American English 4. ( ) A sentence is considered _ when it conforms to the grammatical knowle

32、dge in the mind of native speakers.A. right B. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical 5. ( ) The number of the lexical items in the minor lexical categories is _ and no new members are allowed for.A. largeB. smallC. limitless D. fixed 6. ( ) In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol or form refers t

33、o the linguistic elements, ie, _. A. things and referentB. thought and referenceC. views and ideas D. words, phrases 7. ( ) All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _ form.A. syntactic B. semanticC. grammaticalD. pragmatic 8. ( ) There is a gradation of _ rangi

34、ng along a continuum between two extremes of very formal and very informal.A. dialectB. registerC. variationD. slang 9. ( ) Human beings are the only species that learns and acquires language_ explicit instruction. A. withB. withoutC. withinD. through 10. ( ) In their first language acquisition, chi

35、ldren developed into the _stage after the two word stage. A. thirdB. fourth C. fifthD. multiword II. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not all

36、owed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%) 11. Human capacity for language has a g_ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 12. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_. 13. P_ is interested in the system of

37、sounds of a particular language. 14. F_ morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves. 15. In a tree diagram, the points at which the tree branches at various levels are called b_ nodes. 16. According to the n_ theory of meaning, the words in a language are take

38、n to be labels of the objects they stand for. 17. B_ is a process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words. 18. The deletion of a word-final vowel segment is called a_. 19. A tragedy occurred to Phineas G_ about one hundred and fifty years ago. 20. Children's language development

39、starts from the p_ cooing and babbling stage. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.

40、(2%×10=20%)21. ( ) Language is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings. 22. ( ) A synchronic study of language is a historical study. 23. ( ) The structure of words is not governed by rules. 24. ( ) It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the inser

41、tion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of S-structure. 25. ( ) Complete synonyms are rare in language. 26. ( ) There are four maxims under the Cooperative Principle. 27. ( ) Epenthesis is a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to the middle of a word. 28.

42、( ) When people of a community speak two different regional or national dialects for different purposes, diglossia and bilingualism emerge. 29. ( ) Wernicke's work strengthened Broca's claim that left hemispheric structures are essential for speech. 30. ( ) Language acquisition is concerned

43、with language development in humans. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31. broad transcription 32. bound morpheme 33. perlocutionary act 34. clipping 35. fossilization 36. duality37. sense38. back-formation39. language planning 4

44、0. acquisitionV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41. What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammer? 42. What is a free morpheme? What is a bound morpheme? And how are they different from each other? Model Test 4I. Directions: Read each of the following statements

45、carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. ( ) According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langu

46、eD. language 2. ( ) Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the _ properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues.A. oralB. mental C. physicalD. recorded 3. ( ) Natural languages are viewed to vary according to _ set on UG principles to particular values.A. principles B. rules C. parameters

47、D. theories 4 .( ) In the following four choices, _ is a pair of homophone.A. sight and site B. lead (n.) and lead (v.) C. wind (n.) and wind (v.) D. blue and blown 5. ( ) Sense and reference are two related _ different aspects of meaning.A. but B. andC. or D. as well as6. ( ) The superordinate term

48、 of the group of words “l(fā)ove, anger, happiness, sadness, fear, emotion” is _. A. fear B. angerC. love D. emotion 7. ( ) “I beg you not to say anything like that to Mary.” is a _. A. representative B. directiveC. commissive D. declaration 8. ( ) Semantic _ is a process in which a word loses its forme

49、r meaning and requires a new, sometimes related, meaning.A. broadening B. shiftC. narrowing D. change 9. ( ) A _ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds.A. lingua franca B. pidginC. creole D. national language 10. (

50、) Linguistic _ is the brain's neurological specialization for language.A. determinism B. relativismC. competence D. lateralization II. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill

51、 in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%) 11. An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutually intelligible. This is a case of c_ transmission. 12. C_ distribution means that the allophones of the same ph

52、oneme always occur in different phonetic environments. 13. Affixes like “im-”, “il-”, “un-”, “-tion”, “-or”, “-hood”, are called d_ affixes.14. The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequal status, one s_ the other. 15. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called s_ features. 16. The various meanings of a p_ word are related t