三年高考(2017-2019)英語真題分項版解析——專題07-動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致(解析版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上三年（2017-2019）年高考真題分項匯編專題07 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】 22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊成員已經(jīng)完成了十場演出。由“in the last three mon

2、ths”可知，這句話的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故排除AD選項。本句主語為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案D【解析】考查動詞

3、的時態(tài)。句意：他到中國幾個月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動作或狀態(tài)應用一般過去時。故選D。3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會之前

4、安裝5G終端。表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作，用將來完成時。“5G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，故選B。4.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope【答案】A【解析】考查過去完成時。句意：我本來計劃在Peter結(jié)婚時送他一個禮物的，可是我沒有做到。第二個分句中“couldnt

5、”用的是一般過去時，它之前的動作用過去完成時。故選A。5.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given【答案】C【解析】本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應用過去時，排除選項A和B。as well as連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語

6、是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時的被動。故選C。6.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】時態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時，

7、故填are。7.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】B【解析】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。8.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】I don't see

8、any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years【答案】are【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。9.【2019·新課標II卷·短文改錯】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need

9、.【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般過去時。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時，且與最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應為一般過去時。講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。10.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfas

10、t，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended?！窘馕觥靠疾橐话氵^去時。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。11.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to at

11、tend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited。【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018·北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?

12、Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新來的嗎？我沒有在附近見過你。你好，彼得。我是鮑勃。我周一剛剛開始住在這兒。根據(jù)兩人談話內(nèi)容可知，Bob現(xiàn)在在這兒，他開始(start)住在這兒是發(fā)生在周一的事情，周一是一個過去的時間，故該句應用一般過去時態(tài)，C選項正確。點睛：一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)或過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用，如：yester

13、day，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：Susan已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當我探望她的時候，她正在一個社區(qū)里做志愿者。Susan辭職發(fā)生在

14、她當志愿者之前，had quit是過去完成時態(tài)，過去完成時態(tài)通俗的說就是“過去的過去”，且結(jié)合時間狀語when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是過去的某個時間段發(fā)生的情況，故該空應用過去進行時態(tài)。B選項正確。點睛：過去進行時表示在過去某一時間段或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或狀態(tài)。3.【2018·北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. wil

15、l grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，中國的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9,000公里增長到25,000公里。該句時間狀語為in the past few years。中國高速鐵路的增長是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況，故該句應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。B選項正確。點睛：現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，也可以表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的。常見的時間狀語有：since + 時間點/從句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。4.【2018·北京】9. A r

16、escue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查語態(tài)和時態(tài)。句意：一個救援人員冒著生命危險挽救了兩個被困在山里兩天的旅游者?！皐ho _ in the mountains for two days”是定語從句，修飾two tourists，two tourists和trap之間是被動關(guān)系，該空應用被動語態(tài)。由

17、risked可知，營救人員救游客是過去的事情，被困兩天發(fā)生在營救人員救了他們之前，即“過去的過去”，該空應用過去完成時態(tài)。綜上，D選項正確。點睛：過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”，其表達形式為had done，被動語態(tài)的表達形式為had been done。5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has bee

18、n repaired【答案】C【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：這周我的洗衣機正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根據(jù)后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣機正在修，故用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。故選C。點睛：本題考查時態(tài)。分析選項可以知道，4個選項都用了被動語態(tài)，本題考查的其實是不同的時態(tài)。選項A是過去時；選項B是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動；選項C是現(xiàn)在進行時；選項D是現(xiàn)在完成時。再結(jié)合語境進行分析，最終判斷出最佳答案。6.【2018·江蘇】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no

19、60;longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developed B. had developedC. will have developed D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：希望在2025年，我們不再互相發(fā)電子郵件，因為到那時候我們將開發(fā)更方便的電子通信工具。根據(jù)時間狀語in 2025，可知用

20、將來時；再根據(jù)時間狀語by then到那時，可知用完成時。結(jié)合兩者可知用將來完成時。故選C。點睛：本題考查時態(tài)。句中包含的時間狀語是解答此題的突破點。所以要做好此類題，一定要注意題中有沒有明確的時間點，或者其他可以代替時間點的詞，所以根據(jù)時間狀語可以看出正確答案。本題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住題干中的兩個時間狀語in 2025和by then，從而得出答案。7.【2018·江蘇】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the

21、 development plan _ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時。故選A。點睛：本題考查時態(tài)

22、。句中包含的時間狀語是解答此題的突破點。所以要做好此類題，一定要注意題中有沒有明確的時間點，或者其他可以代替時間點的詞，所以根據(jù)時間狀語可以看出正確答案。本題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住題干中的兩個時間狀語last month和in the past two years，從而得出答案。8.【2018·新課標卷I·語法填空】While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling o

23、r swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。醫(yī)學報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是it，要用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。9.【2018·新課標卷I·短文改錯】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 【答案】find改成found【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)文章中的During my la

24、st winter holiday可知，事件發(fā)生在過去，故用一個過去時。故將find改成found。9.【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_（grow）more corn than rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查時態(tài)。since加時間點，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。10.【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】Th

25、e Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】started【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導的定語從句，由于時間是20

26、05年，故用過去時。故填started。11.【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm.【答案】meant【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時態(tài)可知要用一般過去時，所以用meant。三、2017年高考真題1.【2017·天津卷】8. I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong r

27、oad.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A【解析】句意：我正開車去倫敦這時我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯路了。根據(jù)固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when(正在做某事，就在這時突然)可知選A?？键c：考查動詞時態(tài)?！久麕燑c睛】這時考查與時態(tài)有關(guān)的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did . 這時一個常用固定句型，是學生必須掌握的重點句型之一，詞句型還有另外兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were about to do + when did ; had done

28、+ when + did 。 在這三個句型中，when引導的并列句，意為：就在這時（那時）突然2.【2017·江蘇卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。he和follow是動賓關(guān)系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除B/D；根據(jù)句意“在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否被跟蹤”，用過去進行時最合適，故選A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往

29、家趕，就是不回頭看一看是否有人跟蹤自己?？键c：時態(tài)和語態(tài)3.【2017·江蘇卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他已經(jīng)被告知由于教育背景的原因而沒有資格獲得獎學金。qualify for sth達標，獲得參賽資格；由于條件不滿足而沒有資格做某事，是客觀事實，用

30、一般現(xiàn)在時。故選C?？键c：考查動詞的時態(tài)4.【2017·北京卷】33. People_ better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B試題分析：句意：人們有著比過去更好的醫(yī)療保險，結(jié)果他們更長壽。與過去對比是現(xiàn)在，所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時間，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選B。考點：考查時態(tài)。5.【2017·北京卷】29. In the 195

31、0s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D試題分析：句意：在美國20世紀50年代的時候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話，并且無線電話還根本沒有發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)，排除AC，事情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除B，故選D，過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。考點：考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。6.【201

32、7·北京卷】24. _ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A試題分析：句意：-你昨天有沒有給那家公司打電話問問他們對我們的產(chǎn)品感覺怎么樣？-打了，他們此刻正用得很開心。空格所在題干有一個很明顯的時間狀語yesterday，發(fā)生在過去，肯定用過去式，故選A。考點：考查時態(tài)。7.【2017·

33、 江蘇】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查主謂一致。先行詞是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是書名，看做單數(shù)，所以定語從句的謂語也要使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)“strengthened”可知，說的是過去，故選C。句意：遠大前程的

34、出版獲得了廣泛的認可和高度的贊揚，這坐實了狄更斯作為前沿小說家的地位。考點：考查主謂一致8.【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動詞短語regard.as (把看做)和句意確定應該用被動語態(tài)，排除A和D；

35、由介詞短語along with連接的三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞應該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。考點：考查動詞語態(tài)和主謂一致2016年高考真題1.【2016·北京】21. Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work【答案】C【解析】試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時，杰克正在實驗室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時，杰克正在工作，綜合用過去進行時，故選C。考點：考查時態(tài)2.【2016·

36、;北京】23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：打擾了，你們在等哪一部電影？星球大戰(zhàn)，我們已經(jīng)在這兒等了兩個多小時了?！癴or+時間段”與完成時連用，根據(jù)語境可知，說話的時候仍然在等，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，故選D?？键c：考查時態(tài)3.【2016·北京】25. I _

37、half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read【答案】B【解析】試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時?？葱≌f這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時，故選B。考點：考查時態(tài)4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D【解析】試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：學生們一直在刻苦學習功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會得到回報。根據(jù)句意可知，回報是將來要發(fā)生的事情，應該用將來時；efforts和reward是被動關(guān)系，應該使用被動語態(tài)，故選D?？键c：