語法專題二動詞和動詞短語

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載專題二動詞和動詞短語 動詞的辨析動詞包括連系動詞、及物動詞和不及物動詞、持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞，是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，無論是單項填空還是完形填空等題型中，動詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢。動詞辨析主要指：1詞形相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：2意義相近的動詞之間的辨析。如：lie ， lay； rise， raise；sit， seat 等。borrow ， lend； speak， say，talk ； hope， wish等。3動詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如： advise，advice；cost，worth ；pass，past等。4意義不同但容易混淆的動詞的

2、辨析。如：explain ， say； discover ， invent ； uncover ， find等。5某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如： ask，give，call ，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6某些常用動詞短語的辨析。如：give in ，give up ；turn on，turn off ，turn down ，turn up 等。題組訓(xùn)練1選詞填空A. remind ， negotiate， fail ， limit ，order1 William found it increasingly difficult to read， for his

3、 eyesight was beginning to fail.2 If you don t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3 Mary ，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful， but they may also limit ourthinking.5 The government refuses to negot

4、iate with terrorists.B. open， accumulate，reserve， earn，deny6Clinical evidence began to accumulate ，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7 Are you still mad at her? Not really ， but I can t deny that her remarks hurt

5、me.8 I d prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.9 You are old enough to earn your own living.10 I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 by doing a part- time job during the summer vacation.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載 動詞短語的考查要點(diǎn)動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。(1)動詞副詞 (不及物 )Tom

6、 turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)動詞副詞 (及物 )Please turn every light in the house off.注意 ： 如果賓語較長，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動詞分開。She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間。She gave them away.(3)動詞介詞 (及物 )You should learn to care about others.注意 ：當(dāng)它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。(4

7、)動詞副詞介詞I look forward to seeing you soon.注意 ：“ 動詞介詞 ” 、“ 動詞名詞副詞” 、 “ 動詞副詞介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. ( 不能漏掉after)2熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時意義上的差異。 hear from 收到的來信hear of 聽說 look after 照料 look at 看look for

8、尋找(2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時意義上的差異。 ring back 回電話ring off 掛斷電話ring up 打電話 put away 放好，收起put on 穿上；上演put up 掛起；舉起(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時意義上的差異。look for尋找ask for請求wait for等候send for派人去叫(4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時意義上的差異。 break out發(fā)生；爆發(fā)carry out進(jìn)行；開展學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載go out 熄滅let out 放出sell out 賣完take out 取出 break down 壞了hand out 分發(fā)look out 當(dāng)心

9、set out 出發(fā)work out 算出come down 落下來get down 下車write down 寫下take down取下題組訓(xùn)練2選詞填空A. speed up， work out ， put up with ， bring down1 I can put up with the house being untidy ， but I hate it if it s not clean.2 We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3 They are broadening the bridge to speed up the fl

10、ow of traffic.4 You can t predict everything. Often things don t work out as you expect.B. care about，bring up ， turn down ，put up5 You look upset. What s the matter? I had my proposal turned down again.6If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the pri

11、ce.7 He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.8 Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.C. take on ，go over ， come across， look up9 To get a better grade， you should go over the notes again before

12、 the test.10 I often look up the words I don t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12 Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. 易錯易混點(diǎn)1 lay( 放 )， lie( 躺)與 lie( 說謊 )

13、，這三個易混動詞構(gòu)成見下表：原形過去式過去分詞lay 放，擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵laidlaidlie 躺；位于laylainlie 說謊liedlied2.rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物動詞， 其過去式是 rose，過去分詞是 risen，而 raise 是及物動詞，是規(guī)則動詞。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3 hang 的用法： hang 有兩個意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。4sit 與 seat：seat 為及物動詞時作“容納”講，sit 只是表示一個動作；seat 表示“就座”時要用 be seat

14、ed 或用 seat oneself。如： They were seated at their desks. 或 I seated myself in the armchair.5win 與 beat：win 作“勝、贏”講時其后應(yīng)接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race， a bet 等，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：I have won him.即“我已說服他了，我贏得了他的好感?！倍鴅eat 是及物動詞，意為“擊敗、勝過”，直接接人、隊。6 lost， gone與missing ：作補(bǔ)足語時意為“丟失、不見了”，

15、可以用lost ，gone，但要用miss 時則不能用missed，而要用 語法與寫作根據(jù)提示翻譯下面的句子missing 。1必須指出我愿意在這個假期里去旅游。(point out)(2013山東·寫作 )It must be pointed out that I would love to go travelling during this holiday.2踢足球和看電視占據(jù)了我很多的業(yè)余時間。(take up)(2013 四川··書面表達(dá) )Playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare

16、time.3 我必須使自己適應(yīng)美國的生活方式，幫助他們了解中國文化的最優(yōu)秀部分。(adaptto)(2013 浙·江 ·書面表達(dá) )I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.4前面將會有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心我會挑起這個擔(dān)子。(take on)(2013 天津··書面表達(dá) )There will be many challenges ahead ， but I have confide

17、nce that I ll take on the burden.5在中國， 這些中國結(jié) (Chinese knot) 代表友誼、 愛和好運(yùn)。 (stand for)(2013 新課·標(biāo)全國 ·書面表達(dá) )In China ，these Chinese knots stand for friendship ， love and good luck. 語法填空There once was a goat and a donkey 1.that lived on a farm.The donkey worked the hardest so謀劃對付 )the donkey. “ Hey，donkey，” the goat said one day. “ I think you do too much work on this farm.You carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don t you pretend 5.to get(get)sick so you can take aday 6.off ？” The donkey thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning